¿Quién habla en la oreja de Einstein? Arte maya y arte contemporáneo desde el estado de Chiapas

El objetivo de esta contribución es analizar el contexto sociológico y estético del arte indígena contemporáneo en el Estado mexicano de Chiapas. El término “arte indígena contemporáneo” es controvertido pues algunos artistas de raíces indígenas lo rechazan por considerarlo el producto de una mirada “colonial”, externa y clasificatoria y prefieren hablar de “arte maya”. Sin embargo en los ultimos años se ha asistido en Chiapas al florecimiento de una importante producción artística inspirada en la herencia cultural, artesanado y universo mítico de los pueblos mayences. Los artistas involucrados en este movimiento interpretan teórica y prácticamente la componente maya de su creación de maneras muy distintas y muchas veces opuestas, pero concuerdan en la concepción básica de una “reinvención de la tradición” en un contexto social hondamente transformado y están muy abiertos a las principales tendencias del arte contemporáneo internacional. Muchos entre ellos, apoyados a veces por instituciones oficiales (especialmente universidades), aspiran a transformar la sociedad chiapaneca, básicamente autoritaria, no solo a través los contenidos de sus obras sino también buscando nuevas formas de exposición y comercialización de los productos artísticos. En efecto las condiciones socioeconómicas de la mayoría de las poblaciones indígenas de Chiapas no se han mejorado aún y el entusiasmo multiculturalista por la “herencia maya” no ha acabado de una con todas las formas de racismo y discriminación Palabras clave: arte indígena contemporáneo, arte maya, Chiapas, antropología del arte, culturas híbridas, sincretismo. Abstract The purpose of this contribution is to analyse the sociological and aesthetical context of “contemporary native art” (arte indígena contemporáneo) in the Mexican State of Chiapas. There is no agreement on the label “contemporary native art”, because some indigenous-artists opinate that it is influenced by a “colonial” point of view and recommend employing the term “Mayan art”. However, it is possible to observe actually in Chiapas a strong stream of figurative art which is deeply concerned with the revitalization of the cultural tradition, handcrafts and mythical world of the Mayan peoples. His exponents interpretate the ethnical background of their work at very different and sometimes opposite ways, but agree on the idea of a creative “reinvention of tradition” in a thoroughly transformed social context and are very open to the main trends of international contemporary art. Many of them hope to modify by their praxis (sometimes with the help of cultural institutions, especially universities) the conservative structures of a basic authoritarian society. In effect the socio-economical conditions of a great part of the Indian population of Chiapas have not improved yet and multiculturalist enthusiasm for “Mayan cultural heritage” did not wholly eradicate racism and discrimination. Keywords: contemporary native art, Mayan art, Chiapas, anthropology of the arts, cultural hybridity, syncretism.El objetivo de esta contribución es analizar el contexto sociológico y estético del arte indígena contemporáneo en el Estado mexicano de Chiapas. El término “arte indígena contemporáneo” es controvertido pues algunos artistas de raíces indígenas lo rechazan por considerarlo el producto de una mirada “colonial”, externa y clasificatoria y prefieren hablar de “arte maya”. Sin embargo en los ultimos años se ha asistido en Chiapas al florecimiento de una importante producción artística inspirada en la herencia cultural, artesanado y universo mítico de los pueblos mayences. Los artistas involucrados en este movimiento interpretan teórica y prácticamente la componente maya de su creación de maneras muy distintas y muchas veces opuestas, pero concuerdan en la concepción básica de una “reinvención de la tradición” en un contexto social hondamente transformado y están muy abiertos a las principales tendencias del arte contemporáneo internacional. Muchos entre ellos, apoyados a veces por instituciones oficiales (especialmente universidades), aspiran a transformar la sociedad chiapaneca, básicamente autoritaria, no solo a través los contenidos de sus obras sino también buscando nuevas formas de exposición y comercialización de los productos artísticos. En efecto las condiciones socioeconómicas de la mayoría de las poblaciones indígenas de Chiapas no se han mejorado aún y el entusiasmo multiculturalista por la “herencia maya” no ha acabado de una con todas las formas de racismo y discriminación Palabras clave: arte indígena contemporáneo, arte maya, Chiapas, antropología del arte, culturas híbridas, sincretismo. Abstract The purpose of this contribution is to analyse the sociological and aesthetical context of “contemporary native art” (arte indígena contemporáneo) in the Mexican State of Chiapas. There is no agreement on the label “contemporary native art”, because some indigenous-artists opinate that it is influenced by a “colonial” point of view and recommend employing the term “Mayan art”. However, it is possible to observe actually in Chiapas a strong stream of figurative art which is deeply concerned with the revitalization of the cultural tradition, handcrafts and mythical world of the Mayan peoples. His exponents interpretate the ethnical background of their work at very different and sometimes opposite ways, but agree on the idea of a creative “reinvention of tradition” in a thoroughly transformed social context and are very open to the main trends of international contemporary art. Many of them hope to modify by their praxis (sometimes with the help of cultural institutions, especially universities) the conservative structures of a basic authoritarian society. In effect the socio-economical conditions of a great part of the Indian population of Chiapas have not improved yet and multiculturalist enthusiasm for “Mayan cultural heritage” did not wholly eradicate racism and discrimination. Keywords: contemporary native art, Mayan art, Chiapas, anthropology of the arts, cultural hybridity, syncretism

CRT prevents new-onset AF

SUMMARY Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether or not cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has a favourable effect on the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in a homogeneous population of patients with non-ischaemic idiopathic-dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure. Methods: We designed a single-centre prospective study and enrolled 58 patients AF nao¨ve when received CRT. After 1 year of follow-up our population was subdivided into responders (72.4%) and non-responders (27.6%), so as to compare the incidence of AF after 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up in these two groups. Results: Already after 1 year, there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in new-onset AF in non-responder patients with respect to responders (18.2% vs. 3.3%). These data were confirmed at 2 years (33.3% vs. 12.2%) and 3 years (50.0% vs. 15.0%) follow-up. In particular, 3 years after device implantation non-responders had an increased risk to develop new-onset AF (OR = 5.67). Conclusions: This is the first study analysing long-term effects of CRT in a homogeneous population of patients with nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy, indicating the favourable role of this non-pharmacological therapy on the prevention of AF. What's known Albeit several studies examined the association between cardiac resynchronization therapy and atrial fibrillation in heart failure, results are still unclear and quite conflicting. What's new In this study we show that in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy a positive response to cardiac resynchronization therapy has a favorable role on the prevention of new-onset atrial fibrillation.

L'impero machiavellico. L'immagine della Turchia nei trattatisti italiani del Cinquecento e del primo Seicento

Scopo del saggio è descrivere come trattatisti storici e politici italiani del Cinquecento hanno valutato la struttura politica dell'impero ottomano. In quanto Stato non cristiano, la Turchia poteva essere vista come una perfetta realizzazione delle idee di Machiavelli concernenti la logica interna dell'assolutismo, compresa la manipolazione pragmatica delle credenze religiose. Traiano Boccalini usa il modello politico ottomano per criticare l'apologia della tolleranza religiosa di Jean Bodin. Gli scrittori occidentali sono particolarmente interessati all'organizzazione dell'esercito turco, che sembra offrire un esempio vivente dell'applicabilità dei punti di vista machiavelliani.The aim of the essay is to describe how Italian historians and political analysts of the sixteenth century appreased the political structure of the Osman empire. As a no Christian State, Turkey could be viewed as the perfect realization of Machiavellian ideas about the inner logic of absolutism, including pragmatic manipulation of religious beliefs. Traiano Boccalini employs the Osman political pattern in order to criticize Jean Bodin's apology of religious tolerance. Western writers are especially interested on the organization of Turkish army, which seems to offer a lively example of the practical viability of Machiavellian points of view

The art of indigeneity: Aesthetics and competition in Mexican economies of culture

On the basis of ethnographic research with woodcarvers in Oaxaca, Mexico, this paper investigates the role that aesthetic practices play in economic competition in cultural markets. I explain how one family has become the most successful artisans in their village by aesthetically referencing the indigenous art that is highly sought after by the North American ethnic art market. By reformulating Bourdieu's analysis of artistic fields, I argue that aesthetic competition should be theorised at the level of genres, which allow insight into how individual aesthetic innovations may transform the fields in which art is produced and circulated. I show that by referencing indigeneity, this successful family not only accesses a new market but also renders their work more authoritative than the carvings of their neighbours, which aesthetically reference Mexican ‘artesanías’ (craftwork). In so doing, they not only earn more money but also change the ways that Oaxacan woodcarvings are valued in general

The “Missing” Link Between Acute Hemodynamic Effect and Clinical Response

The hemodynamic, mechanical and electrical effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) occur immediate and are lasting as long as CRT is delivered. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that acute hemodynamic effects should predict long-term outcome. However, in the literature there is more evidence against than in favour of this idea. This raises the question of what factor(s) do relate to the benefit of CRT. There is increasing evidence that dyssynchrony, presumably through the resultant abnormal local mechanical behaviour, induces extensive remodelling, comprising structure, as well as electrophysiological and contractile processes. Resynchronization has been shown to reverse these processes, even in cases of limited hemodynamic improvement. These data may indicate the need for a paradigm shift in order to achieve maximal long-term CRT response

Umorismo antierotico nelle Intercenali albertiane

In questo contributo si considera la rappresentazione della \u2018malattia d\u2019amore\u2019 nelle Intercenali albertiane, riservando particolare attenzione a Vidua e Amores. Vengono illustrati la logica del rovesciamento parodistico di modelli stoici di razionalit\ue0 \u2018prudenziale\u2019 e gli esiti alterni di un paradigma di autocontrollo dissimulatore. Attraverso una serie di confronti con la tradizione romanza anteriore all\u2019Alberti e in particolare con Boccaccio si constata l\u2019esaurimento degli ideali ovidiani e cortesi, cui viene contrapposta una linea giovenaliana (non priva di punti di contatto con la misoginia cristiana). Si sottopone ad analisi la composizione a intarsio di Amores, segnalando di volta in volta le allusioni a Luciano, Apuleio, all\u2019elegia e alla commedia latine. Vengono pure scandagliate le significative differenze nella trattazione del tema erotico che intercorrono fra le Intercenali e le operette volgari dell\u2019Alberti dedicate allo stesso argomento (Deifira, Ecatonfilea, Sofrona, De amore). Nella conclusione dell\u2019intervento si ripercorre lo sviluppo del motivo misogino nel contesto narrativo del Momus e si approfondisce l\u2019antitesi fra la concezione cinica dell\u2019eros di Leon Battista e quella \u2018eroica\u2019 del platonismo quattro-cinquecentesco che culmina in Giordano Bruno

La lingua scritta della realt\ue0. Studi sull'estetica di Pier Paolo Pasolini

Il discorso spesso polemico e sempre paradossale di Pasolini si presta facilmente a equivoci se non si legge sullo sfondo di un ricco e variegato background che spazia dalla letteratura e dall'arte figurativa alla filosofia e alle scienze sociali. Il saggio ricostruisce tale background e assegna alla controversa figura del regista il posto che le spetta fra i maitres \ue0 penser degli anni Sessanta e Settanta, mettendo l'accento sull'unit\ue0 profonda fra la dimensione estetica e quella politica. I grandi complessi tematici dell'opera pasoliniana - il mito, il rito, il sogno, l'esperienza coinvolgente della diversit\ue0 antropologica che si riflette nei numerosi frammenti di un mai concluso "poema sul Terzo Mondo" - vengono analizzati e riproposti all'attenzione di un pubblico non solo specialistico che continua opportunamente a interrogarsi sulle potenzialit\ue0 di una letteratura e di una cinematografia impegnate e "impure"