Tratamento com daptomicina em infecção da corrente sanguínea por Enterococcus resistente a vancomicina em paciente com câncer de cólon: desfecho óbito / Treatment with daptomycin for bloodstream infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in a patient with colon cancer: death outcome

Introdução: Infecção da corrente sanguínea (ICS) por Enterococcus resistente à vancomicina (VRE) é uma complicação grave em pacientes com tumor sólido. Objetivo: Descrever o aspecto clínico e molecular do isolado Enterococcus resistente a vancomicina em paciente com tumor de cólon. Métodos: O isolado de VRE foi identificado e analisado quanto ao perfil antimicrobiano a partir de hemocultura processado por método automatizado vitek®, posteriormente foi submetida para a detecção do gene de resistência à vancomicina, vanA. Resultado: O isolado Enterococcus faecium apresentou resistência à amicacina, eritromicina e vancomicina. O gene VanA foi identificado e iniciado o tratamento com teicoplanina seguida de daptomicina sem sucesso a paciente evoluiu a óbito. 

Desnutrição associada à giardíase em escolares: Análise de parâmetros antropométricos e socioeconômicos / Malnutrition associated with giardiasis in school children: Analysis of anthropometric and socioeconomic parameters

Giardia lamblia é um dos principais protozoários que causa diarréia em crianças de países em desenvolvimento, assim esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de infecção por Giardia sp nas crianças de uma creche pública do Recife, correlacionando os aspectos antropométricos e socioeconômicos, tais como: tabagismo na família, aleitamento materno, renda e escolaridade materna. A frequência foi determinada através de amostras fecais processadas de acordo com os métodos de Hoffman e Faust. Crianças com infecção por outros parasitos foram eliminadas do estudo. A prevalência foi correlacionada com aspectos antropométricos e sociais. A análise desses dados mostrou haver associação estatisticamente significante da infecção por Giardia sp com os baixos índices de IMC (p=0,0293) e com o baixo grau de aleitamento materno (p=0,0447), além de mostrar associação parcialmente significante com a baixa renda familiar (p=0,09). Os resultados sugerem haver associação entre a infecção e desnutrição e aleitamento materno inadequado (por um período menor que 6 meses). A renda familiar sugere uma forte tendência à infecção nas classes sociais mais baixas

Optimization of single-tube nested PCR for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-12-14T13:14:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Optimization of single-tube - silva.pdf: 493304 bytes, checksum: 5e55f7d9bc8bfa9fdf6d8d7b5ed092e9 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-12-14T13:32:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Optimization of single-tube - silva.pdf: 493304 bytes, checksum: 5e55f7d9bc8bfa9fdf6d8d7b5ed092e9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T13:32:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Optimization of single-tube - silva.pdf: 493304 bytes, checksum: 5e55f7d9bc8bfa9fdf6d8d7b5ed092e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Laboratório de Doenças Transmissíveis. Recife, PE, Brasil.Conventional nested PCR is a very sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. However, this type of PCR is notorious for contamination problems related to the processing of the product between the first and the second PCR steps. In order to have a PCR method that is just as efficient but without the risk of contamination, we attempted the optimization of a single-tube nested PCR (STNPCR) method. During the first and the second PCR steps, we used the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as targets, respectively. The performances of STNPCR and nested PCR in detecting the DNA of Leishmania chagasi were compared. In the case of STNPCR, the inner primers were immobilized on the interior of the tube cap by means of adsorption microtubes and then were solubilized before the second reaction. This procedure eliminated the need to open the microtube, which could have led to false-positive results through cross-contamination. The detection limit for the purified L. chagasi DNA was 1 fg by using nested PCR and 10 fg by using STNPCR. We also tested the specificity of the system against other parasites, and observed that Trypanosoma cruzi DNA was amplified with a detection limit of up to 1 pg. This study not only presents a promising tool for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis, but also provides a new tool for the diagnosis of Chagas disease, either in mono-infection by T. cruzi or in co-infection with Leishmania spp

A comparison of four DNA extraction protocols for the analysis of urine from patients with visceral leishmaniasis

Introduction Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may offer an alternative diagnostic option when clinical signs and symptoms suggest visceral leishmaniasis (VL) but microscopic scanning and serological tests provide negative results. PCR using urine is sensitive enough to diagnose human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, DNA quality is a crucial factor for successful amplification. Methods A comparative performance evaluation of DNA extraction methods from the urine of patients with VL using two commercially available extraction kits and two phenol-chloroform protocols was conducted to determine which method produces the highest quality DNA suitable for PCR amplification, as well as the most sensitive, fast and inexpensive method. All commercially available kits were able to shorten the duration of DNA extraction. Results With regard to detection limits, both phenol: chloroform extraction and the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit provided good results (0.1 pg of DNA) for the extraction of DNA from a parasite smaller than Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (< 100fg of DNA). However, among 11 urine samples from subjects with VL, better performance was achieved with the phenol:chloroform method (8/11) relative to the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (4/11), with a greater number of positive samples detected at a lower cost using PCR. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that phenol:chloroform with an ethanol precipitation prior to extraction is the most efficient method in terms of yield and cost, using urine as a non-invasive source of DNA and providing an alternative diagnostic method at a low cost

Prevalence of nasal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in outpatients living with HIV/AIDS in a Referential Hospital of the Northeast of Brazil

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of MRSA among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) being monitored in a tertiary outpatient hospital in the state of Pernambuco, in the Brazilian Northeast. Results Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from a nasal swab and found in 31.4% of the individuals (95% CI 27.3–35.5), of whom 4.4% (95% CI 8.5–19.5) were MRSA, as confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. For individuals whose S. aureus was recovered, the mean age was 41.5 years; 93.6% were on antiretroviral treatment. This group had CD4 cell counts > 200 (92%) and viral load ≤ 100 copies (79.1%). Use of antimicrobial agents in the past 12 months was found among 21% of the individuals, and 24.2% reported use of illicit drugs at lease once in their lifetime. Prevalence of nasal colonization by MSSA (26.7%) and MRSA (4.4%) was higher in comparison to other studies of this population; nevertheless, we were unable to establish factors associated with risk

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data