La medición de la desigualdad a través de un modelo de elección intertemporal

Este trabajo considera el uso de información individual de consumo para analizar la desigualdad en renta. Dada la presumible asociación entre desigualdad y el nivel de la renta permanente y los problemas asociados a su identificación con datos individuales de ingreso, los datos microeconómicos de consumo se constituyen en una alternativa muy válida para analizar la desigualdad y los cambios en el bienestar. De acuerdo con el modelo de la renta permanente es posible identificar las varianzas permanente y transitoria de la renta a partir de información microeconómica de ambas variables. Este trabajo constituye un ejemplo de aplicación de esta metodología con la Encuesta Continua de Presupuestos Familiares (ECPF), con el objetivo de analizar la desigualdad en España entre 1985 y 1995. Los resultados indican que, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en otras economías, la desigualdad se ha reducido globalmente en España a lo largo de este período. Classification-JEL : D12, D31, D91Desigualdad, renta permanente, datos individuales

Human capital and the intertemporal substitution for leisure : empirical evidence for Spain

In this paper we provide the first estimate of the intertemporal substitution for leisure in Spain, accounting for the impact of human capital accumulation. This would allow uncovering whether the intertemporal labour supply of Spanish workers is affected by human capital. Our empirical strategy consists of estimating the equation for the intertemporal substitution of leisure with and without accounting for human capital, what allows to detect hypothetical estimation biases associated to omitting the impact of human capital. To that end, we build a pseudo-panel data set combining the Spanish Family Expenditure Survey and the Labour Survey over the period 1987–1997. While the model that ignores human capital accumulation provides an estimate of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution for leisure about 0.25, comparable to previously available estimates for Spain and other economies, the model with human capital provides an estimate about 0.5, what confirms the existence of a bias in the former estimates. Finally, this bias is larger for the younger cohorts than for the older ones.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Human capital and the intertemporal substitution for leisure: empirical evidence for Spain

In this paper we provide the first estimate of the intertemporal substitution for leisure in Spain, accounting for the impact of human capital accumulation. This would allow uncovering whether the intertemporal labour supply of Spanish workers is affected by human capital. Our empirical strategy consists of estimating the equation for the intertemporal substitution of leisure with and without accounting for human capital, what allows to detect hypothetical estimation biases associated to omitting the impact of human capital. To that end, we build a pseudo-panel data set combining the Spanish Family Expenditure Survey and the Labour Survey over the period 1987–1997. While the model that ignores human capital accumulation provides an estimate of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution for leisure about 0.25, comparable to previously available estimates for Spain and other economies, the model with human capital provides an estimate about 0.5, what confirms the existence of a bias in the former estimates. Finally, this bias is larger for the younger cohorts than for the older ones

Joint estimation of intertemporal labor and consumption decisions: evidence from Spanish households headed by working men

The aim of this paper is testing the three first-order conditions of an intertemporal optimization model for a representative individual who chooses simultaneously for her level of consumption and leisure, assuming a separable utility function. We estimate these conditions jointly in a system of equations, using a Spanish pseudo-panel data set built by combining the Family Expenditure Survey and the Labor Survey over the period 1987–1997. Our results are in line with previous empirical evidence as regards the elasticity of intertemporal substitution for consumption, as our estimate for this elasticity is between 0.4 and 0.5. Further, we also obtain the first estimate for Spain of the intertemporal elasticity of leisure. This value is above 0.3, and is comparable to other estimates found for other economies

Application of Internet traffic characterization to all-optical networks

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. P. M. S. Del Río, J. Ramos, A. Salvador, J. E. Vergara, J. Aracil, A. Cuadra, and M. Cutanda, "Application of Internet traffic characterization to all-optical networks", in 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, ICTON 2010, p. 1-4In this paper we present an analysis of several large Internet traffic traces and focus on large transfers that are suitable to send through all-optical links featuring burst switching technologies. We analyze the payload size for such optical bursts and the possible impact in network performance.We would like to acknowledge the USC/LANDER project for providing the traces of the Day In the Life of The Internet (DITL) March 18-19, 2008 datase

A global customer experience management architecture

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. A. Cuadra-Sanchez, M. Cutanda-Rodriguez, I. Perez-Mateos, A. Aurelius, K. Brunnstrom, J. Laulajainen, M. Varela, and J. E. López de Vergara, "A global customer experience management architecture", in Future Network and Mobile Summit, 2012, 1-8The quality of experience (QoE) is one of the main research lines in ITC industry, which seeks to manage quality as perceived by users. This document analyzes and describes requirements of a QoE driven management system architecture, which has been designed in the Celtic IPNQSIS project. The architecture is grouped into different levels: Data acquisition level, Monitoring level and Control Level. Each level comprises a specific set of capacities, such as Data collector, or Traffic Monitor amongst others. The architecture described in this paper constitutes the guidelines of the IPNQSIS project in terms of a QoE ecosystem that will settle the basis of global customer experience management architecture.This work is carried out in the framework of the Celtic and EUREKA initiative IPNQSIS (IP Network Monitoring for Quality of Service Intelligent Support) and has been partially funded by CDTI under Spanish PRINCE (PRoducto INdustrial para la gestión de la Calidad de Experiencia) project, meanwhile the Swedish part of the project is co funded by VINNOVA and the work of Finnish partners has been partially funded by Tekes

Post-veraison sunlight exposure induces MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol synthesis in berry skins of Vitis vinifera

Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols are the three major classes of flavonoid compounds found in grape berry tissues. Several viticultural practices increase flavonoid content in the fruit, but the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for these changes have not been completely deciphered. The impact of post-veraison sunlight exposure on anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation in grape berry skin and its relation to the expression of different transcriptional regulators known to be involved in flavonoid synthesis was studied. Treatments consisting of removing or moving aside the basal leaves which shade berry clusters were applied. Shading did not affect sugar accumulation or gene expression of HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1, although in the leaf removal treatment, these events were retarded during the first weeks of ripening. Flavonols were the most drastically reduced flavonoids following shading and leaf removal treatments, related to the reduced expression of FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4 and its putative transcriptional regulator MYB12. Anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of CHS2, LDOX, OMT, UFGT, MYBA1, and MYB5a genes were also affected. Other regulatory genes were less affected or not affected at all by these treatments. Non-transcriptional control mechanisms for flavonoid synthesis are also suggested, especially during the initial stages of ripening. Although berries from the leaf removal treatment received more light than shaded fruits, malvidin-3-glucoside and total flavonol content was reduced compared with the treatment without leaf removal. This work reveals that flavonol-related gene expression responds rapidly to field changes in light levels, as shown by the treatment in which shaded fruits were exposed to light in the late stages of ripening. Taken together, this study establishes MYB-specific responsiveness for the effect of sun exposure and sugar transport on flavonoid synthesis

Cuadernos de pedagogía

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónMonográfico con el título: La Carta de la Tierra y la EducaciónMultitud de científicos vienen señalando la necesidad de un cambio en la visión del mundo occidental para afrontar la crisis de civilización que se está produciendo. El autor del artículo señala la conveniencia de desarrollar una educación en la visión del mundo como eje vertebrador de las disciplinas de educación para el cambio. Los relatos tradicionales, seleccionados en el marco de la Carta de la Tierra, demuestran ser unas adecuadas herramientas educativas.Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]