Gut bacteria facilitate adaptation to crop rotation in the western corn rootworm

11917-11922Insects are constantly adapting to human-driven landscape changes; however, the roles of their gut microbiota in these processes remain largely unknown. The western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is amajor corn pest that has been controlled via annual rotation between corn (Zea mays) and nonhost soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. This practice selected for a 'rotation-resistant' variant (RR-WCR) with reduced ovipositional fidelity to cornfields.When in soybean fields, RRWCRs also exhibit an elevated tolerance of antiherbivory defenses (i.e., cysteine protease inhibitors) expressed in soybean foliage. Here we show that gut bacterial microbiota is an important factor facilitating this corn specialist's (WCR's) physiological adaptation to brief soybean herbivory. Comparisons of gut microbiota between RR- and wild-type WCR (WT-WCR) revealed concomitant shifts in bacterial community structure with host adaptation to soybean diets. Antibiotic suppression of gut bacteria significantly reduced RR-WCR tolerance of soybean herbivory to the level of WT-WCR, whereas WTWCR were unaffected. Our findings demonstrate that gut bacteria help to facilitate rapid adaptation of insects inmanaged ecosystems

Patterns of differential gene expression in adult rotation - resistant and wild - type western corn rootworm digestive tracts

692-704The western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is an important pest of corn. Annual crop rotation between corn and soybean disrupts the corn-dependent WCR life cycle and is widely adopted to manage this pest. This strategy selected for rotation-resistant (RR) WCR with reduced ovipositional fidelity to corn. Previous studies revealed that RR-WCR adults exhibit greater tolerance of soybean diets, different gut physiology, and host-microbe interactions compared to rotation-susceptible wild types (WT). To identify the genetic mechanisms underlying these phenotypic changes, a de novo assembly of the WCR adult gut transcriptome was constructed and used for RNA-sequencing analyses of RNA libraries from different WCR phenotypes fed with corn or soybean diets. Global gene expression profiles of WT- and RR-WCR were similar when feeding on corn diets, but different when feeding on soybean. Using network- based methods, we identified gene modules transcriptionally correlated with the RR phenotype. Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the functions of these modules were related to metabolic processes, immune responses, biological adhesion, and other functions/processes that appear to correlate to documented traits in RR populations. These results suggest that gut transcriptomic divergence correlated with brief soybean feeding and other physiological traits may exist between RR- and WT-WCR adults

Biogeochemistry, grain size and mineralogy of the Central and Southern Adriatic Sea sediments: a review.

Volume 26 Supplement 1, January 2010

Heart-rate variability in low-risk prematurely born infants reaching normal term: A comparison with full-term newborns

To investigate the influence of prematurity and postnatal age on the maturation of the autonomic nervous system function, we analysed heart-rate and heart-rate variability in twelve prematurely born infants (<37 weeks gestational age) reaching the conceptional age of 37-41 weeks. These neonates were compared with sixteen 37-41 week conceptional age newborns (<10 days postnatal age). Heart-rate variability was analysed by spectral analysis of interbeat intervals using Short-Time Fourier Transform. We found that during both active and quiet sleep, the durations of RR-intervals were shorter and the amplitude of heart-rate variability in different frequency bands was lower in prematures reaching term than in newborns of the same conceptional age (P < 0.001). Between-state comparison showed differences in both groups. In both groups, low-frequency heart-rate variability was higher in active sleep than in quiet sleep. Between-state differences of RR-intervals and high-frequency heart-rate v

Gut bacteria facilitate adaptation to crop rotation in the western corn rootworm

Insects are constantly adapting to human-driven landscape changes; however, the roles of their gut microbiota in these processes remain largely unknown. The western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is amajor corn pest that has been controlled via annual rotation between corn (Zea mays) and nonhost soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. This practice selected for a ?rotation-resistant? variant (RR-WCR) with reduced ovipositional fidelity to cornfields.When in soybean fields, RRWCRs also exhibit an elevated tolerance of antiherbivory defenses (i.e., cysteine protease inhibitors) expressed in soybean foliage. Here we show that gut bacterial microbiota is an important factor facilitating this corn specialist?s (WCR?s) physiological adaptation to brief soybean herbivory. Comparisons of gut microbiota between RR- and wild-type WCR (WT-WCR) revealed concomitant shifts in bacterial community structure with host adaptation to soybean diets. Antibiotic suppression of gut bacteria significantly reduced RR-WCR tolerance of soybean herbivory to the level of WT-WCR, whereas WTWCR were unaffected. Our findings demonstrate that gut bacteria help to facilitate rapid adaptation of insects inmanaged ecosystems.Fil: Chu, C. C.. University Of Illinois; Estados Unidos de América;Fil: Spencer, J.. University Of Illinois; Estados Unidos de América;Fil: Curzi, M.. University Of Illinois; Estados Unidos de América;Fil: Zavala, Jorge Alberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia;Fil: Seufferheld, Manfredo Jose. University Of Illinois; Estados Unidos de América

Chagas, ten years of study in a public hospital

Background: Epidemiological study of chagasic patients in a public hospital between 2007 and 2017 Methods & Materials: All patients were evaluated with serological confirmation with two/three techniques (ELISA, TIF, HAI), cardiovascular(ECG, echocardiography, chest x-ray) and gastroenterological studies. The analyzed data were sex, age, place of birth, clinical staging, type of transmission, pregnancy condition, treatment and drug toxicity Results: Of 154 diagnosed, 34(22%) were males and 120(78%) were females, 68(56,6%) were pregnant at the time of diagnosis and 12(7,8%) they had been infected by mother-child transmission. The average age of infected women was 37.3(range 15-66) and in men was 55,8(range 13-73). Of all diagnosed, 29(19%) had cardiovascular and 6(3,9%) gastrointestinal diseases. Almost half are from bordering countries(Bolivia, Paraguay) Of our country, Chaco was the one that more number of cases contribute. They received treatment in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health 62 (40,3%) and 11(17,8%) of them evidenced drug toxicity. Conclusion: More women than men were diagnosed. Almost 60% during pregnancy. The cardiovascular affectation was diagnosed five times more than the gastrointestinal disease. Only 40% of those diagnosed were included in the treatment criteria.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Heart rate and heart rate variability during sleep in small-for-gestational age newborns

To assess the influence of intrauterine growth retardation on heart rate (HR) and HR variability during sleep, we performed polygraphic recordings in 10 small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 16 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) newborns. Both groups were clinically and neurologically normal and were at 37 to 41 wk conceptional age. RR intervals were analyzed using the short-time Fourier transform in three frequency bands: 7) high frequency, with a period 3-8 heartbeat; 2) mid frequency, with a period 10-25 heartbeat; and 3) low frequency, with a period 30-100 heartbeat. In both active and quiet sleep, SGA newborns significantly differed from AGA newborns by having a shorter RR interval (p < 0.01) and lower amplitude of HR variability in all bands (p < 0.05) except low frequency in quiet sleep. Quiet sleep differed from active sleep by having a longer RR interval (p < 0.05), higher high-frequency variability (p < 0.02) in both SGA and AGA newborns, and lower low-frequency variabilit