Avaliação do real potencial inibidor de extratos etanólicos de Ottonia martiana sobre Cylindrocladium spathulatum e Botrytis cinerea.

Extratos etanólicos de anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq., foram reavaliados quanto à inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos Cylindrocladium spathulatum (pinta-preta da erva-mate) e Botrytis cinerea (mofo-cinzento do eucalipto), por meio do planejamento fatorial. A ocorrência de decomposição de bioativos no processo de autoclavagem também foi investigada, por meio de teste de eficiência de extratos filtrados (filtro Millipore) e esterilizados (autoclave) no controle dos fitopatógenos, nas concentrações de 1, 10, 100 e 1000 ppm. Os extratos etanólicos filtrado e esterilizado inibiram o crescimento micelial dos fungos e foram mais ativos frente a B. cinerea. O extrato filtrado exibiu maior potencial antifúngico que o extrato esterilizado. O processo de esterilização por autoclavagem causou pequena decomposição dos bioativos presentes no extrato de anestesia

IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO PLM (PRODUCT LIFE-CICLE MANAGEMENT) NO PROCESSO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTO (PDP)

Looking for the success in globalization world, pharmacy manufactures must develop new products both to national and international sceneries in shorter time. This article show the importance of product lifecycle management (PLM) into global context.The PLM solutions' participation were identified into a product development process(PDP). As reference model, the ROZENFELD model was selected, as well as PLM solution which were made by UGS, IBM and DASSAULT enterprises. These solutions functions are placed and divided, upon PDP reference, in macro and task levels. Whereas, the PLM solutions are intented to be applied both on Chemical and Food industries, as such as manipulation pharmacies and laboratories of clinical analyses.Para atingir o sucesso no mundo globalizado, as indústrias farmacêuticas necessitam desenvolver novos produtos para os mercados nacional e internacional, lançando um novo produto à curto prazo. Diante disso, este artigo faz uma abordagem do sistema de gerenciamento do ciclo de vida do produto (PLM) no contexto global, identificando a contribuição das soluções PLM atuais dentro de um modelo de processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP). Foi escolhido como modelo de referência, o modelo ROZENFELD, e como solução de PLM, as soluções das empresas UGS, IBM e DASSAULT, sendo posicionadas as funcionalidades destas soluções em nível macro e de atividades no PDP referência. Desta forma, pretende-se direcionar a aplicação do PLM à indústria química e de alimentos, farmácias de manipulação e laboratórios de análises clínicas.

PLANEJAMENTO FATORIAL: UMA FERRAMENTA ESTATÍSTICA VALIOSA PARA A DEFINIÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS EXPERIMENTAIS EMPREGADOS NA PESQUISA CIENTÍFICA.

Este trabalho descreve a importância e a conveniência dos procedimentos multivariados de otimização experimental, destacando as vantagens e aplicações dos sistemas de planejamento fatorial que permitem avaliar simultaneamente o efeito de um grande número de variáveis, a partir de um reduzido número de experimentos. Por meio de um exemplo prático é apresentada uma discussão do efeito da interação entre as variáveis e o estabelecimento de ótimos verdadeiros na otimização de parâmetros experimentais envolvidos na fotopolimerização do metacrilato de metila (MMA) comercial, na forma de oligômero, denominado “cola BERKEL”, por radiação UV. Aspectos relativos ao desenho experimental e à interpretação de resultados também são apresentados

Antimalarial Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Two Novel 4-Aminoquinolines against Chloroquine-Resistant Parasites

Chloroquine (CQ) is a cost effective antimalarial drug with a relatively good safety profile (or therapeutic index). However, CQ is no longer used alone to treat patients with Plasmodium falciparum due to the emergence and spread of CQ-resistant strains, also reported for P. vivax. Despite CQ resistance, novel drug candidates based on the structure of CQ continue to be considered, as in the present work. One CQ analog was synthesized as monoquinoline (MAQ) and compared with a previously synthesized bisquinoline (BAQ), both tested against P. falciparum in vitro and against P. berghei in mice, then evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit hemozoin formation. Their interactions with residues present in the NADH binding site of P falciparum lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated using docking analysis software. Both compounds were active in the nanomolar range evaluated through the HRPII and hypoxanthine tests. MAQ and BAQ derivatives were not toxic, and both compounds significantly inhibited hemozoin formation, in a dose-dependent manner. MAQ had a higher selectivity index than BAQ and both compounds were weak PfLDH inhibitors, a result previously reported also for CQ. Taken together, the two CQ analogues represent promising molecules which seem to act in a crucial point for the parasite, inhibiting hemozoin formation

A global-scale screening of non-native aquatic organisms to identify potentially invasive species under current and future climate conditions

The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium-and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a 'very high risk' of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate 'rapid' management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement. Decision support tools AS-ISK Hazard identification Non-native species Risk analysis Climate changepublishedVersio

A global-scale screening of non-native aquatic organisms to identify potentially invasive species under current and future climate conditions

The threat posed by invasive non-native species worldwide requires a global approach to identify which introduced species are likely to pose an elevated risk of impact to native species and ecosystems. To inform policy, stakeholders and management decisions on global threats to aquatic ecosystems, 195 assessors representing 120 risk assessment areas across all six inhabited continents screened 819 non-native species from 15 groups of aquatic organisms (freshwater, brackish, marine plants and animals) using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. This multi-lingual decision-support tool for the risk screening of aquatic organisms provides assessors with risk scores for a species under current and future climate change conditions that, following a statistically based calibration, permits the accurate classification of species into high-, medium- and low-risk categories under current and predicted climate conditions. The 1730 screenings undertaken encompassed wide geographical areas (regions, political entities, parts thereof, water bodies, river basins, lake drainage basins, and marine regions), which permitted thresholds to be identified for almost all aquatic organismal groups screened as well as for tropical, temperate and continental climate classes, and for tropical and temperate marine ecoregions. In total, 33 species were identified as posing a ‘very high risk’ of being or becoming invasive, and the scores of several of these species under current climate increased under future climate conditions, primarily due to their wide thermal tolerances. The risk thresholds determined for taxonomic groups and climate zones provide a basis against which area-specific or climate-based calibrated thresholds may be interpreted. In turn, the risk rankings help decision-makers identify which species require an immediate ‘rapid’ management action (e.g. eradication, control) to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, which require a full risk assessment, and which are to be restricted or banned with regard to importation and/or sale as ornamental or aquarium/fishery enhancement.publishedVersio