A cyber-physical system for dynamic building evacuation

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 201

O impacto da cultura e sociedade europeias em Timor-Leste: aspectos de transculturação e de globalização

Tese de mestrado, Cultura e Sociedade na Europa, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013Timor-Leste tem sido, ao longo da sua história, um território de passagem e de chegada de populações oriundas de diferentes regiões. Nesta dissertação, integrada no Mestrado em Cultura e Sociedade na Europa, propusemo-nos estudar o impacto que a cultura e a sociedade do Velho Continente tiveram e têm ainda hoje na cultura e na sociedade leste-timorenses. Desde o século XVI, a sociedade timorense tem vindo a ser europeizada e ocidentalizada, com objectivos diversos, por entidades diferentes, recorrendo a estratégias distintas e a ritmos variados. Porém, ontem como hoje, o impacto que a cultura e a sociedade europeias têm tido sobre a cultura e a sociedade leste-timorenses tem-se traduzido sobretudo numa espécie de missão civilizadora, através da qual se tem procurado ocidentalizar aquele país, facto que tem contribuído para a desagregação das sociedades nativas e para uma cultura timorense transculturada. A investigação levada a cabo sustenta-se em dois conceitos fundamentais: o conceito de transculturação, proposto por Ortiz, em 1991, e aplicado ao estudo da sociedade cubana, e o conceito mais abrangente de globalização, que neste estudo se alicerçou nas perspectivas de Ianni (1996), Giddens (2000) e Murteira (2003). Na primeira parte, descrevem-se os principais períodos da história lestetimorense em que ocorreram encontros civilizacionais relevantes – o período que antecedeu a chegada dos Portugueses, o período de colonização lusa, o período da invasão indonésia e o período actual, desde a restauração da independência até aos nossos dias. Na segunda parte, estudamos os efeitos da globalização contemporânea em Timor-Leste, aos níveis económico e monetário, social, político e, ainda, ao nível da definição e determinação do que é a pobreza em Timor. Iremos também descrever os impactos que o encontro com os Portugueses primeiro, com os indonésios depois e com as organizações transnacionais na atualidade tiveram e têm ainda sobre a arquitectura tradicional timorense.ABSTRAT: Across its history, Timor-Leste has been a passage point and fixation territory for many people from different regions. Throughout the present investigation, integrated in the Masters on Culture and Society in Europe, we propose to study the true impact of the Old Continent’s cultural and social canons over the cultural and social development of this Southeast Asia country. Since the 16th century, the native Timor-Leste society has been constantly Europeanized and even Westernized, with various aims, by different entities, under different strategies and through varied rhythms. Although, in the past and in present days, the true impact of European cultural and social standards over the native prospect has been faced as a kind of civilizing mission that, in fact, has contributed to the cruel disaggregation and transculturation of the whole native social model. This work is essentially focused on two fundamental concepts: the concept of “transculturation”, firstly proposed by Ortiz in 1991 and applied to the study of the Cuban society, and the more embracing concept of “globalization”, concerning the various conceptual perspectives of Ianni (1996), Giddens (2000) and Murteira (2003). The first part, reports the most relevant civilizational meetings and interactions occurred along Timor-Leste history – the period before the Portuguese arrival, the subsequent colonization phase, the Indonesian invasion and the present times, since the country’s restoration of its independence. On second part we debate the actual effects of globalization in Timor-Leste nowadays concerning the economic and monetary, social and politic levels, besides the definition and determination of what is poverty in this country. We also focus turns to the impact over the traditional Timor-Leste architecture, resulting from the meeting with the Portuguese, followed by the Indonesians and, more recently, the various international organizations there

Tendências e oportunidades em lógicas institucionais: um estudo baseado em pareamento bibliográfico

Objective: Analyzing, through bibliographic coupling, possibilities and opportunities of future studies in institutional logics, highlighting opportunities for strategy and organization area.Methodology/Approach: This is a bibliometric study which analyzes the production in institutional logics through the technique of bibliographic coupling.Originality/Relevance: Institutional logics are a recent development of neo-institutionalism and offer an opportunity for studies indicating the main possibilities for contribution both in the theme of the institutional logics itself, and in the relationship with strategy.Main Results: Due to the maturity of the neo-institutional theory the institutional logics are , in a way, a cohesive path. However, unlike neo-institutionalism, it presents itself as an option based on institutional theory to explain changes and innovations, which are important subjects to strategy.Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: This paper presents three contributions: a) it indicates which themes within the field are more mature, such as institutional complexity, and which are emerging, such as hybridization and categorization as an element of institutional change: b) it shows that the studies in strategy are more related to institutional logics, such as the theory of upper echelon and the decision making; and c) it indicates other possibilities, from following the alignment of identity and its reflection on the performance of the organization to consider the institutional logics as elements that may guide the decision making process of organizations, including the point of view of strategy as practice. Finally, regarding method, this work contributes to the use of techniques of bibliographic coupling.Objetivo: Analizar, a través del acoplamiento bibliográfico, las posibilidades y oportunidades de futuros estudios en lógicas institucionales, destacando las oportunidades para el área de estrategia. Metodología / Enfoque: Este fue un estudio bibliométrico, analizando la producción en lógicas institucionales a través de la técnica de acoplamiento bibliográfico.Originalidad/relevancia: La lógica institucional se presenta como un desarrollo reciente del neoinstitucionalismo y ofrece una oportunidad para los estudios que indican las principales posibilidades de contribución tanto en el tema de la lógica institucional como en la relación de esta con la estrategia.Principales resultados: Debido a la madurez de la teoría neoinstitucional, las lógicas institucionales se presentan, de alguna manera, de manera cohesiva. Sin embargo, a diferencia del neoinstitucionalismo, se presenta como una opción basada en la teoría institucional para explicar cambios e innovaciones, temas que son importantes para la estrategia.Contribuciones teóricas/metodológicas: este documento presenta tres contribuciones, la primera indica qué temas dentro del campo son más maduros, como la complejidad institucional, y cuáles están surgiendo, como la hibridación y la categorización como un elemento de cambio institucional. La segunda contribución muestra que los estudios de estrategia están más relacionados con las lógicas institucionales, como la teoría del escalón superior y la toma de decisiones. Además, existen otras posibilidades, desde seguir de forma más objetiva la alineación de la identidad y su reflexión sobre el desempeño de la organización, hasta considerar las lógicas institucionales como elementos que guiarán la toma de decisiones de la organización, incluso desde el punto de vista. De la visión de la estrategia como práctica. Finalmente, desde el punto de vista metodológico, este trabajo contribuye al uso de la comparación bibliográfica.Objetivo do Estudo: Analisar, por meio do pareamento bibliográfico, as possibilidades e oportunidades de estudos futuros em lógicas institucionais, com destaque às oportunidades para a área de estratégia.Metodologia/Abordagem: Este é um estudo bibliométrico, no qual analisamos a produção em lógicas institucionais, por meio da técnica de pareamento bibliográfico.Originalidade/Relevância: Lógicas institucionais são um desdobramento recente do neoinstitucionalismo e oferece uma oportunidade de estudos, indicando as principais possibilidades de contribuição tanto no tema das lógicas institucionais em si, quanto na relação com a estratégia.Principais Resultados: Devido à maturidade da teoria neoinstitucional, as lógicas institucionais se apresentam, de certo modo, de forma coesa. No entanto, ao contrário do neoinstitucionalismo, apresenta-se como uma opção baseada na teoria institucional para explicar as mudanças e inovações, temas caros à estratégia.Contribuições Teóricas/Metodológicas: Este trabalho apresenta três contribuições principais: a) indica quais temas dentro do campo estão mais maduros, como complexidade institucional, e quais são emergentes, como a hibridização e categorização como elemento de mudança institucional; b) mostra que os estudos em estratégia estão mais relacionados a lógicas institucionais, como a teoria do alto escalão e a tomada de decisão; e c) entrega acompanhamento objetivo do alinhamento da identidade e seu reflexo no desempenho da organização, a considerar as lógicas institucionais como elementos que direcionarão as tomadas de decisão da organização, inclusive sob o ponto de vista da estratégia como prática. Por último, sob o ponto de vista metodológico, este trabalho contribui por utilizar o pareamento bibliográfico

Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Gram-Negative bacteria isolated from loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) of the Island of Maio, Cape Verde

Research Areas: Infectious Diseases ; Pharmacology & PharmacyPrevious studies revealed high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), describing this species as prime reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to characterise, for the first time, the AMR and virulence profiles of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from 33 nesting loggerhead turtles of the island of Maio, Cape Verde. Cloacal, oral, and egg content swab samples (n = 99) were collected and analysed using conventional bacteriological techniques. Shewanella putrefaciens, Morganella morganii, and Vibrio alginolyticus were isolated from the samples under study. The isolates obtained from this loggerhead subpopulation (North-East Atlantic) revealed lower levels of AMR, compared with the results of studies performed in other subpopulations (e.g., Mediterranean). However, the detection of resistance to carbapenems and multiple antimicrobial resistance indices higher than 0.20, raises concern about the potential association of these animals to points of high antimicrobial exposure. Furthermore, virulence phenotypic characterisation revealed that the isolates presented complex virulence profiles, including the ability to produce biofilms. Finally, due to their pathogenic potential, and considering the evidence of illegal consumption of turtle-related products on the island of Maio, the identified bacteria may represent a significant threat to public health.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Autonomous RPCs for a Cosmic Ray ground array

We report on the behaviour of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) developed for muon detection in ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) experiments. The RPCs were developed for the MARTA project and were tested on field conditions. These RPCs cover an area of $1.5 \times 1.2\,{m^2}$ and are instrumented with 64 pickup electrodes providing a segmentation better than $20\,$cm. By shielding the detector units with enough slant mass to absorb the electromagnetic component in the air showers, a clean measurement of the muon content is allowed, a concept to be implemented in a next generation of UHECR experiments. The operation of a ground array detector poses challenging demands, as the RPC must operate remotely under extreme environmental conditions, with limited budgets for power and minimal maintenance. The RPC, DAQ, High Voltage and monitoring systems are enclosed in an aluminium-sealed case, providing a compact and robust unit suited for outdoor environments, which can be easily deployed and connected. The RPCs developed at LIP-Coimbra are able to operate using a very low gas flux, which allows running them for few years with a small gas reservoir. Several prototypes have already been built and tested both in the laboratory and outdoors. We report on the most recent tests done in the field that show that the developed RPCs have operated in a stable way for more than 2 years in field conditions.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017), Busan, South Korea. Presented by R. Concei\c{c}\~{a}o. 8 page

A narrative on diversity, equity, and inclusion in surgery: insights from the European Society of Coloproctology and identification of points for action

Diversity; Equity; InterviewDiversidad; Equidad; EntrevistaDiversitat; Equitat; EntrevistaThe focus of the 2022 European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) annual campaign was diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in surgery. The ESCP “Operation Equal Access” campaign sought to interview key-opinion leaders and trainees, to raise awareness on inequalities, inform the community of the status of the topic, and to identify future areas for improvement. The ESCP Social Media Working Group interviewed experts who have made significant contributions to DEI in colorectal surgery and were acknowledged opinion leaders in the field. The interviews focused on their career, professional life, experiences, and opportunities during their training, and their views on DEI in colorectal surgery. DEI principles, education, and values need further promotion to reduce and address bias within the profession and overall improve the experience of minority community including health professionals and patients. International Societies are working to facilitate training opportunities and overcome DEI, and networking have contributed to that. Collaborations between societies will be pivotal to contribute to offering research and leadership opportunities equally. Access to advanced workshops including cadaveric training and simulation can be consistently promoted and provided globally via societies through telemonitoring. Involving patients in research should be encouraged, as it brings the perspective of a living experience.Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli within the CRUI-CARE Agreement

Effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) combined with natural antimicrobial by-products against S. typhimurium

The effect against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium of PEF treatment combined with cauliflower and mandarin by-product infusions at several concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10% (w/v)) was evaluated at various incubation temperatures (10, 22, and 37 °C). The possible synergistic antimicrobial action of the combined process of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology followed by exposure to the by-product infusions and the occurrence of sublethal cellular damage were also studied. Antimicrobial kinetics of by-product infusions alone or following PEF treatment were fitted to a Weibull model. Both mandarin and cauliflower by-product infusions showed a maximum antimicrobial effect against S. Typhimurium after 10 h at 37 °C when the microorganism was exposed to 10% of by-product infusion, achieving reductions of initial bacterial load up to undetectable levels. The effect of the PEF treatment (20 kV–900 μs) caused a reduction of 4 log cycles of the initial cell population (108 cfu/mL) of S. Typhimurium and 1 log cycle (90%) of cellular damage. Moreover, when the PEF pre-treated S. Typhimurium population was subjected to subsequent incubation in the presence of both by-product [10%] infusions, the microbial inactivation was faster, achieving a reduction of the initial bacterial load (4 log10 cycles) up to undetectable levels in 2 h. The kinetic values of the Weibull model were obtained. The higher the concentration of by-product infusion, temperature, and PEF treatment applied, the greater the kinetic parameter “b” values, which are related to the microbial inactivation rate. Therefore, the addition of cauliflower and mandarin by-product infusions could be a good additional control measure contributing to ensure bacterial counts below recommended limits in pasteurized PEF products during their storage at refrigeration temperatures.M. Sanz-Puig is grateful to the CSIC for providing a contract as a researcher working actively on project AGL 2013-48993-C2-2-R. The present research work was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through project AGL 2013-48993-C2-2-R and with FEDER funds. We are also grateful to INDULLEIDA, S.A. and TRASA, S.L. for providing the by-products that we worked with. Authors acknowledge L. Santos-Carvalho Erasmus Placement scholarship, and L.M. Cunha acknowledges support from the European Union (FEDER funds) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educação e Ciência) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/QUI/50006/2013–POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265 (LAQV) and UID/AGR/04033/2013–POCI/01/0145/FEDER/006958 (CITAB).Peer reviewe

Impact of context in visual evaluation of design pastry: Comparison of real and virtual

[EN] Virtual reality is becoming an opportunity for multidisciplinary collaboration, including sensory science. The main objective of this work was to compare visual expectations generated by five real cakes evaluated in a laboratory testing booth with their virtual versions in a virtualized sensory booth. Real cakes were designed following the current pastries trends, and virtualization was made using a photogrammetric process. The virtual sensory booth was designed using Unity3D software. The participants were immersed in the 3D virtual environment through a head-mounted display (HMD). Data were analyzed using ANOVA mixed model, internal preference mapping and cluster analysis. The effects of context (real and virtual), the order in test session (crossover design), and socio-demographic factors were studied. The results showed no statistically significant differences within real and virtual studied cakes. These results create new perspectives of the potential of this methodology to be used to rate virtual foods in an immersive environment at the same level as real foods. Regarding the impact of the socio-demographic factors on the acceptance of the cakes, only the effects of gender and sweet-tooth were statistically significant. Males assessed all variables associated with the cakes significantly higher (p < 0.05) than females. In the same way, all variables in all cakes were better evaluated by participants with a self-declared sweet-tooth (p < 0.05). In the internal preference map, participants were segmented into three clusters that could be identified with the different trends in the pastries market. These results may help companies build tailor-made marketing strategies using Immersive technologies to evaluate new food products to satisfy different consumer segments.Authors acknowledge the Erasmus + internship scholarship given to P. Sousa. Authors Sousa and Cunha acknowledge financial support from National Funds from FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia within the scope of UIDB/05748/2020 and UIDP/05748/2020. Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Alba-Martínez, J.; Sousa, PM.; Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Cunha, LM.; Martínez-Monzó, J.; García-Segovia, P. (2022). Impact of context in visual evaluation of design pastry: Comparison of real and virtual. Food Quality and Preference. 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.1044721044729

Aterosclerose Carotídea e Hipodensidades da Substância Branca: uma Relação Controversa

Introdução: As hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular, são uma causa importante de morbilidade, condicionando deterioração cognitiva. No entanto, numerosas dúvidas persistem quanto à sua fisiopatologia. O objectivo deste estudo é clarificar o papel da aterosclerose carotídea e outros factores de risco vascular no desenvolvimento das hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular. Material e Métodos: Realizou-se uma avaliação imagiológica, por tomografia computadorizada crânio-encefálica e ecografia carotídea, com menos de um mês de intervalo. Procedeu-se à recolha de informação sobre os factores de risco vascular. Determinámos associações independentes entre hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular, espessura da íntima média carotídea, estenose carotídea ateromatosa e factores de risco vascular. Resultados: Foram incluídos 472 doentes, idade média de 67,32 (DP: 14.75), 274 (58,1%) sexo masculino. Os preditores independentes da hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular foram: idade (OR: 1,067, 95% IC: 1,049 – 1,086, p < 0,001) e a hipertensão (OR: 1,726, 95% IC: 1,097 – 2,715, p = 0,018). Não foi encontrada uma associação entre a espessura da intima média carotídea (OR: 2,613, 95% IC: 0,886 – 7,708, p = 0,082) ou grau de estenose carotídea (OR: 1,021, 95% IC: 0,785 – 1,328, p = 0,877) e hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular. Discussão: Dos diversos factores de risco analisados, apenas a idade e hipertensão se associaram de forma independente às hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular. Não foi encontrada uma relação entre a aterosclerose extracraniana, expressa pela espessura do complexo intima-média ou grau de estenose, com o desenvolvimento de hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular. Sendo a aterosclerose um fenómeno sistémico, estes achados sugerem que as hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular, tenham um mecanismo alternativo ou concorrente à aterosclerose no seu desenvolvimento. Conclusão: Os dados deste estudo, sugerem que a idade e hipertensão sejam os principais factores de risco no desenvolvimento de hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular. Não foi encontrada uma associação independente entre a aterosclerose carotídea e as hipodensidades da substância branca de provável etiologia vascular.Introduction: White matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin, are recognized as an important cause of morbidity with established clinical and cognitive consequences. Nonetheless, many doubts remain on its physiopathology. Our goal is to clarify the potential role of carotid atherosclerosis and other vascular risk factors in the development of white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. Material and Methods: We included patients that underwent CT brain scan and neurosonologic evaluation within a one-month period. Full assessment of vascular risks factors was performed. We seek to find independent associations between white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin, carotid intima-media thickness and vascular risk factors. Results: 472 patients were included, mean age was 67.32 (SD: 14.75), 274 (58.1%) were male. The independent predictors of white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin were age (OR: 1.067, 95% IC: 1.049 – 1.086, p < 0.001) and hypertension (OR: 1.726, 95% IC: 1.097 – 2.715, p = 0.018). No association was found between IMT (OR: 2.613, 95% IC: 0.886 – 7.708, p = 0.082) or carotid artery stenosis (OR: 1.021, 95% IC: 0.785 – 1.328, p = 0.877) and white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. Discussion: Only age and hypertension proved to have an independent association with white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. Carotid atherosclerosis, evaluated by IMT and the degree of carotid artery stenosis, showed no association with white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. Since atherosclerosis is a systemic pathology, these results suggest that alternative mechanisms are responsible for the development of white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. Conclusion: Age and hypertension seem to be the main factors in the development of white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin. No association was found between carotid atherosclerosis and white matter hypodensities of presumed vascular origin