In-situ repair of composite sandwich structures using cyanoacrylates

A novel method for the in-situ repair of composite sandwich structures using microvascular networks and cyanoacrylate (CA) adhesive systems has been presented. Upon a damage event, the vascules become ruptured, providing a route for the introduction of adhesive directly into the damage site. The efficacy of the two repair agents was first assessed under static and fatigue conditions using a modified double cantilever beam (DCB) method. Once baseline fracture behaviour of the cyanoacrylates has been established, they were further assessed by injection into a series of pre-damaged T-joint specimens. The presence of the vasculature was shown to have no detrimental impact on mechanical performance, whilst both of the cyanoacrylates were shown to be highly effective in the recovery of stiffness and ultimate strength of the T-joint specimens. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

When to start antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: a human rights analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent evidence from developed and developing countries shows clear clinical and public health benefit to starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) earlier. While discussions about when to start ART have often focused on the clinical risks and benefits, the main issue is one of fair limit-setting. We applied a human rights framework to assess a policy of early treatment initiation according to the following criteria: public-health purpose; likely effectiveness; specificity; human rights burdens and benefits; potential for less restrictive approaches; and fair administration.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>According to our analysis, a policy of earlier ART initiation would better serve both public health and human rights objectives. We highlight a number of policy approaches that could be taken to help meet this aim, including increased international financial support, alternative models of care, and policies to secure the most affordable sources of appropriate antiretroviral drugs.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Widespread implementation of earlier ART initiation is challenging in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, rationing of essential medicines is a restriction of human rights, and the principle of least restriction serves to focus attention on alternative measures such as adapting health service models to increase capacity, decreasing costs, and seeking additional international funding. Progressive realisation using well-defined steps will be necessary to allow for a phased implementation as part of a framework of short-term targets towards nationwide policy adoption, and will require international technical and financial support.</p

More than nothing? Auditing business studies

This paper argues that business school scholarship can be seen as the example par excellence of what we are calling extreme neo-liberalism. By extreme neo-liberalism we mean the coexistence in the same sphere of extreme externalization of costs and extreme regulation of the sources of value. We argue that this condition is most obvious in the research audits conducted in Britain, and spreading globally, audits that record both the extreme externalization in business scholarship of all the sources of the wealth expropriated by business, and at the same time, regulate the very labour that produces this extreme self-regulation. Although this self-regulated labour regards itself as complete, and although it regards its acts of externalization as acts of self-making, we consider the relation between pedagogy and scholarship in order to show how this pervasive form of self-regarding simply does not hold. We conclude by noting that if business scholarship persists in defining itself against all that makes wealth possible, and thus making itself, logically at least, worthless, it also opens the possibility of starting an investigation of wealth, worth and value, from another point of view, one not dependant of completing business, but competing with it