13 research outputs found
Soil carbon dynamic associated to land-use changes in semi-arid forests of Argentina
Fil: Conti, G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Conti, G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología; Argentina.Fil: Kowaljow, E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Kowaljow, E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología; Argentina.Fil: Baptist, F. Biotope; Francia.Fil: Rumpel, C. Centre national de la recherche scientifique; Francia.Fil: Cuchietti, A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Cuchietti, A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología; Argentina.Land-use change represents one of the main drivers of global climatic change, affecting the amount and quality of organic matter (OM) in soils worldwide. A reduction in the amount of biomass due to forest management is expected to affect both the amount of new OM going into the soil and its microbial decomposability due to changes in soil environmental conditions. These changes should impact soil microbial communities, their activity and decomposition rates, affecting the amount and quality of organic carbon (OC) remaining in the soil. In order to obtain information on the effect of land-use change on the OM quantity and quality, its origin and its degree of stabilization (i.e., microbial decomposability), we characterized the amount of OC, the lignin and polysaccharide compounds by wet chemical analysis, as well as basal respiration rates across a disturbance gradient (n=20) in a semiarid Chaco forest of central Argentina. Disturbance reduced the amount and quality of litterfall, reflected in a reduction in SOM content. Soil carbohydrates content followed the same trend but lignin was not affected by land-use change. Although basal CO2 effluxes showed the same pattern than SOM content, when normalized per OC content, they showed the opposite trend, with higher CO2 released per C in sites with lower OC and carbohydrates content. Our results support the idea that in the semi-arid Chaco forest, chemically labile compounds are more vulnerable to disturbance, but also that OM could be protected and stabilized regardless of its chemical identity.Fil: Conti, G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Conti, G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología; Argentina.Fil: Kowaljow, E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Kowaljow, E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología; Argentina.Fil: Baptist, F. Biotope; Francia.Fil: Rumpel, C. Centre national de la recherche scientifique; Francia.Fil: Cuchietti, A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Cuchietti, A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Díaz, S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología; Argentina.Ecologí
Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers
Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers
Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers
El estado de conservación de los recursos genéticos forestales en la república argentina
La diversidad ambiental de la Argentina que da origen a 18 ecosistemas distintos genera una significativa diversidad de especies forestales. Ese contraste en la diversidad de especies se expresa también en las poblaciones de los árboles, arbustos, palmeras y bambúes nativos del país, es decir, en la diversidad intra-específica, resaltando su cualidad como país de diversidad megacontrastante.
Las principales causas de la pérdida de RGF en Argentina se podrían clasificar como de origen socio-cultural y socio-económico. El país carece de una autopercepción forestal que tiene que ver con su historia de colonización y con el modelo de desarrollo económico impuesto desde sus orígenes. El modelo agro-exportador ha influido e influye notablemente en el desmonte e incendios de grandes superficies de bosque nativo. A ello se suman intereses inmobiliarios que provocan intencionalmente grandes incendios de superficie boscosa y de otras tierras forestales. El país cuenta con 7 macro Regiones Forestales claramente definidas por sus características climáticas, orográficas, de composición específica, de uso del territorio y desarrollo histórico: Parque Chaqueño, Yungas, Selva Paranaense, Monte, Espinal, Delta y Bosques Sub-Antárticos. Entre ellas se destaca el Parque Chaqueño, por ser la de mayor superficie y por ser la que más ha sido sometida al desmonte como consecuencia de la expansión de la frontera agrícola y pecuaria. Los grandes desmontes seguidos de quemas generan pérdida de biodiversidad, por lo tanto, de recursos genéticos, pero además liberan grandes contenidos de carbono a la atmósfera, disminuyen la capacidad de retención del mismo y la liberación de oxígeno, provocan el ascenso de las napas freáticas y el aumento de la escorrentía. Esto suma un impacto negativo sobre el cambio climático y a la ocurrencia de grandes inundaciones a varios kilómetros de distancia. Adicionalmente, el desmonte tiene una consecuencia inmediata de mucha gravedad, cual es el desalojo de comunidades indígenas y campesinas de sus tierras ancestrales, quienes terminan engrosando los cordones de pobreza de las ciudades cercanas.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Area Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, N. Ministerio de Agricultura Ganadería y Pesca; ArgentinaFil: Bonafina, M. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Carreras, N. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Ceballos, Maximiliano. Administracion de Parques Nacionales; ArgentinaFil: Collado, Leonardo. Secretaría de Ambiente de Tierra del Fuego; ArgentinaFil: Cuchietti, A. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Chervin, A. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Fava, J. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Fornes, Luis Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: García Alvarez, S. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Lauenstein, Diego. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Moretti, M.J. Instituto Nacional de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Moro, J.P. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; ArgentinaFil: Teich, T. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Verga, Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Wlasiuk, Liliana. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; Argentin
Phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil interface between two plant residues differing in C/nutrient ratio: A short-term laboratory incubation study
Altered soil carbon dynamics under different land-use regimes in subtropical seasonally-dry forests of central Argentina
Carbon and nutrient cycling in tree plantations vs. natural forests: implication for an efficient cocoa agroforestry system in West Africa
Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited