Aplicação de Princípios Lean e Kaizen à Cadeia Logística

A presente dissertação focou-se no estudo e melhoria da cadeia logística num setor de produção de quadros de distribuição de energia elétrica primária, com particular atenção na fase de expedição do produto. Na organização alvo deste projeto, muitos processos relacionados com a logística (e, em particular com a distribuição) são atualmente realizados por um único colaborador, detentor do conhecimento necessário para que o fluxo de produto e informação não sofra interrupções. Esta situação constitui um perigo potencial para a empresa, já que fica dependente da disponibilidade e do desempenho deste colaborador para poder expedir produtos para os seus clientes. Para a realização do projeto, foi necessário proceder a uma etapa inicial de diagnóstico com vista à deteção dos problemas raiz a solucionar, que consistiu no estudo de todo o fluxo de informação e de produtos na cadeia logística e na análise dos diferentes tipos de produtos, suas dimensões e opções de embalagens existentes, bem como do comportamento das vendas do produto nos últimos 3 anos (2016-2018). Conhecidas as características, não só do produto, mas também do contexto e especificidades da sua produção e distribuição, foi possível concluir que, para automatizar a elaboração das listas de embalagens, seria necessário criar uma nova variável no sistema ERP da empresa que recolhesse a informação necessária, que se encontra espalhada nas bases de dados existentes. Esta solução permite não só elaborar as listas de embalagens de forma automática, imediatamente após a criação da ordem de venda pelo departamento Comercial, mas também criar automaticamente as ordens de compra para as embalagens necessárias. No âmbito do desenvolvimento deste projeto, foi também proposta a criação de um novo processo de melhoria da recolha e expedição do material anexo - de forma discriminada, seria expedido dentro dos produtos, diminuindo a quantidade de caixas necessárias e também, consequentemente, a quantidade de contentores de transporte necessários. Por ser necessário realizar esta atividade em simultâneo com a Produção, o Lead Time total do produto sofre uma diminuição. Para diminuir o tempo de espera de artigos consumíveis necessários para embalar e expedir o produto, foi proposto que a gestão dos mesmos passasse para o sistema Kanban da empresa. Esta solução levou à otimização das quantidades encomendadas e ao decréscimo do Lead Time dos artigos (em média, um decréscimo de 18 dias), por já não ser necessária a autorização do departamento de procurement. Foram também elaboradas soluções para questões menores que, quando implementadas, reduziram custos, melhoraram o fluxo de informação e/ou reduziram a dependência da empresa no responsável da Expedição.The following dissertation focused on the study and improvement of the logistic chain, in a sector of production of primary electric energy distribution switchgear, with particular regard on the product expedition stage. In this project’s target organization, many processes regarding Logistics (and particularly, distribution) are currently performed by a single worker, that holds the knowledge needed for an uninterrupted flow of products and information. This situation raises a potential danger for the company, since it becomes dependent on this collaborator’s availability and performance to be able to dispatch products for its customers. To develop this project, it was necessary to perform an initial diagnose stage to become aware of the root problems, meant to be addressed and solved, which resulted in the study of all the logistics flow chain of products and information and in the analysis of the different types of products, their dimensions and packaging options, as well as the product’s sales behaviour in the last 3 years (2016-2018) Knowing the characteristics, not only of the product, but also of the context and specificities of its production and distribution, it was possible to conclude that, in order to automate the elaboration of the packing lists, it would be necessary to create a new variable on the company’s ERP system that would collect the needed information, which is currently spread on the existing databases. This solution not only allows to elaborate the packing lists, in an automated way, immediately after the sale’s order creation by the Commercial department, but also it would create automatically the purchasing orders for the needed packages. In the development of this project, it was also proposed the creation of a new improvement process of gathering and dispatching the accessory material – in a discriminating way, it would be dispatched inside the products, reducing the necessary amount of boxes and also, consequentially, the amount of necessary transport containers. Because this activity must be done simultaneously with the Production, the product’s total Lead time experiences a decrease. To diminish the waiting time for the consumables needed for the packaging and product shipment, it was proposed that their management should be done by the company’s Kanban system. This solution brought the optimization of the purchased consumable

Group Triple P intervention effects on children and parents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Supporting parents through the delivery of evidence-based parenting interventions (EBPI) is a way of promoting children’s rights, given the known benefits to child development and family wellbeing. Group Triple P (GTP) is an EBPI suitable for parents of children aged 2–12 years, who experience parenting difficulties, and/or child behavior problems. Even though GTP has been intensively studied, information lacks on the magnitude of its effects, considering the risk of bias within and across prior research. To address this, a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration CRD42019085360) to evaluate the effects of GTP on child and parent outcomes at short- and longer-term was performed. Through a systematic search of a set of databases, 737 research papers were identified, and 11 trials were selected. The risk of bias within and across studies was evaluated. Significant positive effects of GTP were found immediately after the intervention for child behavior problems, dysfunctional parenting practices, parenting sense of competence, psychological adjustment, parental stress levels, conflict, and relationship quality. Six months after the intervention, positive effects were found only for child behavior problems. Data suggest that GTP might be an effective EBPI leading to positive family outcomes. Substantial risk of bias was found, highlighting the importance of improving the quality of research

Evaluation of the production of second generation Ethanol by co-culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae and pachysolen tannophilus immobilized in Sodium alginate : Avaliação da produção de Etanol de segunda geração por co-cultura de saccharomyces cerevisiae e pachysolen tannophilus imobilizados em alginato de Sódio

The production of an alternative form of fuel that replaces fossil fuels has been increasingly studied due to the environmental impacts generated by its excessive use, as well as the depletion of these fossil energy sources. Ethanol obtained from the crushing of sugar cane has been used as a substitute for these fuels, mainly in the automotive area. However, alternative sources are being studied to produce the so called second generation bioethanol. This would avoid competition for food producing agricultural areas and agroindustrial waste is a great source for obtaining it. In general, these residues are not always completely reused and are disposed of inappropriately in the environment, becoming contaminants. Therefore, the use of agroindustrial waste can become a renewable source of energy, in addition to reducing environmental impacts. The objective of this work is to produce second generation bioethanol as an alternative to the one currently used, using the rice husk hydrolyzate by the consortium formed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus. For this, an acid hydrolysis was performed with 2% sulfuric acid during 10 minutes of heating in an autoclave, after which the hydrolyzate was detoxified with the use of activated carbon. The crude and detoxified hydrolysates were used as a substrate for the fermentation medium with an initial concentration of 50 mg/mL of reducing sugars. The fermentation process with the use of both yeasts in the crude hydrolyzate medium, in the detoxified medium and in a synthetic medium composed of glucose, was carried out for 24 h, 30º C, 0 rpm and pH 6.5. The best results for the ethanol production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the synthetic medium with 20.6 mg/mL. For the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus, its highest production was in a synthetic medium with 11.67 mg/mL. The intercropping of the two yeasts proved to be efficient with a greater ethanol production reaching 21.5 mg/mL, the hydrolyzed and detoxified media showed great potential for ethanol production both in intercropping and in monoculture

As representações sociais produzidas sobre a homossexualidade em luta travada durante as eleições de 2014 no Brasil

Este estudo tem o objetivo de determinar as representações sociais sobre a homossexualidade e os princípios de divisão do mundo evocados por Jean Wyllys e Silas Malafaia no Twitter a partir dos discursos produzidos na luta travada pelos agentes durante as eleições de 2014, pela manutenção ou retirada dos itens que tratavam sobre os direitos civis dos homossexuais do programa de governo da então candidata a presidente do Brasil pelo PSB, Marina Silva. Pretende-se, assim, perceber as antíteses opositoras clássicas que emergem nos enunciados de forma a fazer com que o auditório veja e creia de um jeito que não de outro.

DETERMINAÇÃO DA DISTÂNCIA ENTRE ALVOS DE MONITORAMENTO UTILIZANDO MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS DISTINTOS E ESTAÇÕES TOTAIS COM DIFERENTES PRECISÕES NOMINAIS

Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo um estudo para a determinação da distância entre alvos de monitoramento, a partir de experimentos com observações coletadas com duas estações totais da marca Leica, de precisões nominais distintas, modelo TCRA1205, 5” angular e ±(2mm + 2ppm) linear, e a modelo TS15, 1” angular e ±(1mm + 1,5ppm) linear, e processados utilizando os modelos matemáticos da distância Euclidiana, tradicionalmente utilizada, e a Lei dos Cossenos, esta, com menor número de etapas de cálculo. Para avaliar a acurácia dos dois modelos matemáticos, foi realizada observações utilizando uma mira horizontal de ínvar, com a distância entre alvos calibrada utilizando um Interferômetro Laser, com precisão micrométrica, como Padrão de Referência para determinar a distância entre os alvos. A fase seguinte da pesquisa foi aplicar os dois modelos matemáticos com os dados obtidos com a estação total modelo TCRA1205 em duas campanhas de medições realizadas em épocas diferentes na UHE Salto Caxias no Estado do Paraná. As distâncias entre alvos na horizontal, obtidas pelos dois modelos matemáticos testados, de acordo com o teste T Student, a um nível e confiança de 90%, são iguais para os experimentos simulados. Os resultados estatísticos com os dados da UHE, em grande maioria também são iguais

a cohort study based on data-linkage of national registries February-September 2021

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Machado et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Background Using data from electronic health registries, this study intended to estimate the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the population aged 65 years and more, against symptomatic infection, COVID-19-related hospitalizations, and deaths, overall and by time since complete vaccination for the period February to September 2021 Methods We established a cohort of individuals aged 65 and more years old, resident in Portugal mainland, using the National Health Service User number to link eight electronic health registries. Outcomes included were symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths. The exposures of interest were the mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty or Spikevax) and the viral vector (Vaxzevria) vaccine. Complete schedule VE was estimated as one minus the confounder adjusted hazard ratio, for each outcome, estimated by time-dependent Cox regression with time-dependent vaccine exposure. Results For the cohort of individuals aged 65–79 years, complete scheme VE against symptomatic infection varied 43 (95%CI: 37–49) (Vaxzevria) and 65 (95%CI: 62–68) (mRNA vaccines). This estimate was slightly lower in the ≥80 years cohort (53, 95%CI: 45–60) for mRNA vaccines). VE against COVID-19 hospitalization varied between 89% (95%CI: 52–94) for Vaxzevria and 95% (95%CI: 93–97) for mRNA vaccines for the cohort aged 65–79 years and was 76% (95%CI: 67–83) for mRNA vaccines in the ≥80 years cohort. High VE against COVID-19-related deaths was estimated, for both vaccine types, 95% and 81 (95%CI:76–86) for the 65–79 years and the ≥80 years cohort, respectively. We observed a significant waning of VE against symptomatic infection, with VE estimates reaching approximately 34% for both vaccine types and cohorts. Significant waning was observed for the COVID-19 hospitalizations in the ≥80 years cohort (decay from 83% (95%CI:68 to 91) 14–41 days to 63% (95%CI:37 to 78) 124 days after mRNA second dose). No significant waning effect was observed for COVID-19-related deaths in the period of follow-up of either cohort. Conclusions In a population with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 complications, we observed higher overall VE estimates against more severe outcomes for both age cohorts when compared to symptomatic infections. Considering the analysis of VE according to time since complete vaccination, the results showed a waning effect for both age cohorts in symptomatic infection and COVID-19 hospitalization for the 80 and more years cohort.publishersversionpublishe

Outline of Hospitalization Due to Venous Thromboembolism in Brazil Between 2010 and 2020

An important pathology that affects the cardiovascular system is venous thromboembolism (VTE), a disease characterized by the formation of clots in veins. VTE is divided into two clinical presentations: pulmonary thromboembolism (PT) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The general objective of the present work is to describe the profile of patients hospitalized for venous thromboembolism and other venous diseases, in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2020. The specific objectives are the following: describe the demographic characteristics of hospitalized patients; describe the epidemiological trend of venous thromboembolism over the period. Based on data extracted from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), it was possible to analyze the following variables: annual frequency; race/color; sex; age range; brazilian demographic regions. Of the 446.328 hospitalizations for phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, embolism, and venous thrombosis in Brazil, between 2010 and 2020, it was noticed that 61,22% (273.254) are women, of which 42.94% (191.673) are self-declared as white and that 54,43% (242.969) are concentrated in the Southeast Region. The profile of patients admitted between 2010 and 2020 was identified as being composed of white women between 50 and 59 years old

Poplitea Artery Entrapment Syndrome

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a rare pathological compression of the popliteal artery, mostly unilateral. Its diagnosis is a challenge due to low recurrence and confusion with other injuries that affect the lower limb. Delay in its repair can cause arterial stenosis, emboli, aneurysm, inability to perform physical activities, thromboembolism and acute limb ischemia. Young men without comorbidities who may exercise regularly with intermittent claudication that affects their daily activities should draw attention to research and treatment of the syndrome. Investigation is extremely important to rule out differential diagnoses, such as chronic compartment syndrome, neurogenic claudication, peripheral atherosclerosis and cystic disease of the popliteal artery