Ingesta dietética en el postoperatorio de la cirugía bariátrica en un hospital universitario en Río de Janeiro

Introduction: bariatric surgery is a treatment for morbid obesity that besides result in high weight loss promotes improvements in laboratory tests and in the pressure reduction. However the surgery can cause bad effects as deficiency some nutrients. This fact become more important evaluates the adequacy of dietary intake of these patients. The objective this study was evaluates the adequacy dietetic of patients after bariatric surgery.Material and methods: we select forty women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric and carried evaluation anthropometric and dietetic. The dietary evaluate was compared with the daily consumption requirement and food pyramid for these patients.Results: forty women with 43.1 ± 9.96 years, obesity and very high risk for metabolic complications associate with obesity, and with acceptation of supplementation (95%) participated this study. The majority of women consumed group’s foods “high-calorie foods, fats and sweets are energy-dense foods” and showed high intake of foods groups “grains and cereals” and “high-fiber, low-calorie foods”. Dietary intake was low-calorie (1342.50 ± 474.06 Kcal), adequate in protein (22.10 ± 6.94%), carbohydrate (50.74 ± 10.96%), lipid (26.14 ± 7.17%), saturated fatty acids (8.69 ± 2.74%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (8.93 ± 3.51%) and low-monounsaturated fatty acids (4.13 ± 1.78%) and fibers (17.02 ± 10.64 g).Conclusions: nutritional habits of women showed inadequacy, these results reinforce the importance of nutritional accompanying in the late postoperative bariatric surgery.Introducción: la cirugía bariátrica es un tratamiento para obesidad mórbida y además de resultar en elevada pérdida de peso produce mejoras en marcadores bioquímicos de los sujetos y una reducción de la presión arterial. Sin embargo, la cirugía puede provocar efectos negativos como deficiencias de algunos nutrientes. Esto hace que sea importante evaluar la adecuación dietética de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adecuación dietética de pacientes después de la cirugía bariátrica.Material y métodos: se seleccionaron 40 mujeres sometidas a gastroplastia en Y de Roux y se llevó a cabo las mediciones antropométricas y dietéticas. La evaluación dietética fue comparada con el requerimiento de ingesta diaria y la pirámide nutricional para estos pacientes.Resultados: participaron en el estudio cuarenta mujeres con 43,1 ± 9,96 años, obesas y con riesgo elevado de complicaciones metabólicas, y buena aceptación de la suplementación (95%). La mayoría de las mujeres  consumió grupos de alimentos “con alto contenido de calorías, grasa y dulce” y mostraron alta ingesta del grupo “granos y cereales” y “alimentos ricos en fibra y bajos en calorías”. La ingesta fue baja en calorías (1342,50 ± 474,06 kcal), ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (4,13 ± 1,78%) y fibras (17,02 ± 10,64 g), adecuada en proteínas (22,10 ± 6,94%), carbohidratos (50,74 ± 10,96%), lípidos (26,14 ± 7,17%), ácidos grasos saturados (8,69 ± 2,74%) y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (8,93 ± 3,51%).Conclusiones: las mujeres mostraron malos hábitos alimentarios, lo que refuerza la importancia del asesoramiento nutricional en el postoperatorio tardío de la cirugía bariátrica

Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota, and the Genesis of Obesity

Obesity is a major public health problem, which is growing around the world. It is a multifactorial disease and a risk factor for other noncommunicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hepatic steatosis). Among the etiological factors, gut microbiota and diet, especially lipids, have been highlighted, which seem to have an important potential as a modulator of its composition, being the key factor in the link between microbiota and obesity. Gut microbiota interacts with the host metabolism in the development of this disease through dietary fatty acids or when produced by intestinal bacteria. Short-chain, saturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have an impact with respect to gut microbiota and health, presenting central and systemic effects associated with the genesis of obesity. Finally, gut microbiota seems to play a significant role in controlling the endocannabinoid system, and imbalance in this system can be associated with obesity

Probiotics in allergy treatment: a literature review

Allergy is a exacerbate response of immune system to a triggering element. A probable cause of allergies is gut microbiota composition. It has strong relationship with development of human immune system and this is formed in intrauterine life and early childhood, crucial periods for formation adequate microbiota. In this sense modulation gut microbiota by probiotics could prevent or help in the treatment of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Studies published to date are controversial. It is difficult to determine whether the probiotic can be used in the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases

Interrogation of the perturbed gut microbiota in gouty arthritis patients through in silico metabolic modeling

Recent studies have shown perturbed gut microbiota associated with gouty arthritis, a metabolic disease characterized by an imbalance between uric acid production and excretion. To mechanistically investigate altered microbiota metabolism associated with gout disease, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data from stool samples of gout patients and healthy controls were computationally analyzed through bacterial community metabolic models. Patient-specific community models constructed with the metagenomics modeling pipeline, mgPipe, were used to perform k-means clustering of samples according to their metabolic capabilities. The clustering analysis generated statistically significant partitioning of samples into a Bacteroides-dominated, high gout cluster and a Faecalibacterium-elevated, low gout cluster. The high gout cluster was predicted to allow elevated synthesis of the amino acids D-alanine and L-alanine and byproducts of branched-chain amino acid catabolism, while the low gout cluster allowed higher production of butyrate, the sulfur-containing amino acids L-cysteine and L-methionine, and the L-cysteine catabolic product H2S. By expanding the capabilities of mgPipe to provide taxa-level resolution of metabolite exchange rates, acetate, D-lactate and succinate exchanged from Bacteroides to Faecalibacterium were predicted to enhance butyrate production in the low gout cluster. Model predictions suggested that sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism generally and H2S more specifically could be novel gout disease markers

Effects of a 6-month multi-strain probiotics supplementation in endotoxemic, inflammatory and cardiometabolic status of T2DM patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objective The aim of this trial was to characterize the beneficial effects of probiotics on decreasing endotoxin levels and other cardiometabolic parameters in Arab patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Saudi adults with naïve T2DM (n=61; 12 males and 18 females) were randomly allocated to receive twice daily placebo or 2.5×109cfu/gram of Ecologic®Barrier (multi-strain probiotics; 14 males and 17 females) in a double-blind manner over a 6 month period, respectively. Anthropometrics were measured and fasting blood samples were collected to analyze endotoxin, glycemic parameters [glucose, insulin, c-peptide and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], lipids [triglycerides, total cholesterol, low and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) cholesterol and total/HDL-cholesterol ratio], inflammatory markers [tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and adipocytokines [leptin, adiponectin and resistin] at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of intervention. Results Multi-strain probiotics supplementation for 6 months caused a significant decrease in circulating levels of endotoxin by almost 70% over 6 months, as well as glucose (38%), insulin (38%), HOMA-IR (64%), triglycerides (48%), total cholesterol (19%), total/HDL-cholesterol ratio (19%), TNF-α (67%), IL-6 (77%), CRP (53%), resistin (53%), and a significant increase in adiponectin (72%) as compared with baseline. Only HOMA-IR had a clinically significant reduction (-3.4, 64.2%) in the probiotics group as compared to placebo group at all time points. No other clinically significant changes were observed between the probiotic or placebo group at 3 and 6 months in other markers. Conclusion Multi-strain probiotic supplementation over 6 months as a monotherapy significantly decreased HOMA-IR in T2DM patients, with the probiotic treatment group highlighting reduced inflammation and improved cardiometabolic profile. As such, multi-strain probiotics is a promising adjuvant anti-diabetes therapy

Probióticos en el tratamiento de alergias: una revisión

La alergia es una respuesta exacerbada del sistema inmunitario a un elemento desencadenante. Una probable causa de las alergias es la composición del microbioma intestinal. Tiene una fuerte relación con el desarrollo del sistema inmunitario humano y se forma en la vida intrauterina y en la primera infancia, períodos cruciales para la formación de la microbiota adecuada. En este sentido, la modulación de la microbiota intestinal por los probióticos podría prevenir o ayudar en el tratamiento de enfermedades alérgicas como la rinitis alérgica, el asma, la dermatitis atópica y la alergia alimentaria. Los estudios publicados hasta la fecha son controvertidos. Es difícil determinar si los probióticos pueden usarse en el tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades alérgicas.Allergy is a exacerbate response of immune system to a triggering element. A probable cause of allergies is gut microbiota composition. It has strong relationship with development of human immune system and this is formed in intrauterine life and early childhood, crucial periods for formation adequate microbiota. In this sense modulation gut microbiota by probiotics could prevent or help in the treatment of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Studies published to date are controversial. It is difficult to determine whether the probiotic can be used in the treatment and prevention of allergic diseas

Dietary intake in the postoperative bariatric surgery at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro

Introduction: bariatric surgery is a treatment for morbid obesity that besides result in high weight loss promotes improvements in laboratory tests and in the pressure reduction. However the surgery can cause bad effects as deficiency some nutrients. This fact become more important evaluates the adequacy of dietary intake of these patients. The objective this study was evaluates the adequacy dietetic of patients after bariatric surgery. Material and methods: we select forty women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric and carried evaluation anthropometric and dietetic. The dietary evaluate was compared with the daily consumption requirement and food pyramid for these patients. Results: forty women with 43.1 ± 9.96 years, obesity and very high risk for metabolic complications associate with obesity, and with acceptation of supplementation (95%) participated this study. The majority of women consumed group�s foods �high-calorie foods, fats and sweets are energy-dense foods� and showed high intake of foods groups �grains and cereals� and �high-fiber, low-calorie foods�. Dietary intake was low-calorie (1342.50 ± 474.06 Kcal), adequate in protein (22.10 ± 6.94%), carbohydrate (50.74 ± 10.96%), lipid (26.14 ± 7.17%), saturated fatty acids (8.69 ± 2.74%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (8.93 ± 3.51%) and low-monounsaturated fatty acids (4.13 ± 1.78%) and fibers (17.02 ± 10.64 g). Conclusions: nutritional habits of women showed inadequacy, these results reinforce the importance of nutritional accompanying in the late postoperative bariatric surgery.Introducción: la cirugía bariátrica es un tratamiento para obesidad mórbida y además de resultar en elevada pérdida de peso produce mejoras en marcadores bioquímicos de los sujetos y una reducción de la presión arterial. Sin embargo, la cirugía puede provocar efectos negativos como deficiencias de algunos nutrientes. Esto hace que sea importante evaluar la adecuación dietética de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adecuación dietética de pacientes después de la cirugía bariátrica. Material y métodos: se seleccionaron 40 mujeres sometidas a gastroplastia en Y de Roux y se llevó a cabo las mediciones antropométricas y dietéticas. La evaluación dietética fue comparada con el requerimiento de ingesta diaria y la pirámide nutricional para estos pacientes. Resultados: participaron en el estudio cuarenta mujeres con 43,1 ± 9,96 años, obesas y con riesgo elevado de complicaciones metabólicas, y buena aceptación de la suplementación (95%). La mayoría de las mujeres consumió grupos de alimentos �con alto contenido de calorías, grasa y dulce� y mostraron alta ingesta del grupo �granos y cereales� y �alimentos ricos en fibra y bajos en calorías�. La ingesta fue baja en calorías (1342,50 ± 474,06 kcal), ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (4,13 ± 1,78%) y fibras (17,02 ± 10,64 g), adecuada en proteínas (22,10 ± 6,94%), carbohidratos (50,74 ± 10,96%), lípidos (26,14 ± 7,17%), ácidos grasos saturados (8,69 ± 2,74%) y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (8,93 ± 3,51%). Conclusiones: las mujeres mostraron malos hábitos alimentarios, lo que refuerza la importancia del asesoramiento nutricional en el postoperatorio tardío de la cirugía bariátrica

Effect on gut microbiota of a 1-y lifestyle intervention with Mediterranean diet compared with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion: PREDIMED-Plus Study

Data de publicació electrònica: 21-05-2021Background: The Mediterranean diet is a well-recognized healthy diet that has shown to induce positive changes in gut microbiota. Lifestyle changes such as diet along with physical activity could aid in weight loss and improve cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives: To investigate the effect of an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention on gut microbiota. Methods: This is a substudy of the PREDIMED-Plus (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus), a randomized controlled trial conducted in overweight/obese men and women (aged 55-75 y) with metabolic syndrome. The intervention group (IG) underwent an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity promotion, and the control group (CG) underwent a non-energy-restricted MedDiet for 1 y. Anthropometric, biochemical, and gut microbial 16S rRNA sequencing data were analyzed at baseline (n = 362) and 1-y follow-up (n = 343). Results: IG participants had a weight loss of 4.2 (IQR, -6.8, -2.5) kg compared with 0.2 (IQR, -2.1, 1.4) kg in the CG (P < 0.001). Reductions in BMI, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol were greater in IG than in CG participants (P < 0.05). We observed a decrease in Butyricicoccus, Haemophilus, Ruminiclostridium 5, and Eubacterium hallii in the IG compared with the CG. Many genera shifted in the same direction within both intervention groups, indicating an overall effect of the MedDiet. Decreases in Haemophilus, Coprococcus 3, and few other genera were associated with a decrease in adiposity parameters in both intervention groups. Changes in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 were positively associated with changes in MedDiet adherence. Conclusions: Weight loss induced by an energy-restricted MedDiet and physical activity induce changes in gut microbiota. The role of MedDiet-induced changes on the host might be via short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, whereas with energy restriction, these changes might be modulated with other mechanisms, which need to be explored in future studies. This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870 as ISRCT 89898870