Computer program for aerodynamic and blading design of multistage axial-flow compressors

A code for computing the aerodynamic design of a multistage axial-flow compressor and, if desired, the associated blading geometry input for internal flow analysis codes is presented. Compressible flow, which is assumed to be steady and axisymmetric, is the basis for a two-dimensional solution in the meridional plane with viscous effects modeled by pressure loss coefficients and boundary layer blockage. The radial equation of motion and the continuity equation are solved with the streamline curvature method on calculation stations outside the blade rows. The annulus profile, mass flow, pressure ratio, and rotative speed are input. A number of other input parameters specify and control the blade row aerodynamics and geometry. In particular, blade element centerlines and thicknesses can be specified with fourth degree polynomials for two segments. The output includes a detailed aerodynamic solution and, if desired, blading coordinates that can be used for internal flow analysis codes

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CAMPUS CRIME AND POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES: AN INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES APPROACH

To date, the literature on campus crimes and its determinants has been largely descriptive and narrowly focused utilizing only regional crosssectional data. By examining the factors that influence campus crimes utilizing a national panel collected from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report from 2000 to 2010, this paper helps to fill the under-researched aspect of how policing and campus setting influence campus crimes, both those of a violent and non-violent nature. Empirical evidence presented here suggests that there are significant differences in the effectiveness of policing by census region, by degree of urbanization, and by campus setting. Results suggest that the policing elasticities of crime are higher in the Northeast and Midwest than in the South and West. The nationwide campus policing elasticity suggests that a 10% increase in the campus police force would lead to a 10.5% to 17.6% decrease in campus crime

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CAMPUS CRIME AND POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES: AN INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES APPROACH

To date, the literature on campus crimes and its determinants has been largely descriptive and narrowly focused utilizing only regional crosssectional data. By examining the factors that influence campus crimes utilizing a national panel collected from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report from 2000 to 2010, this paper helps to fill the under-researched aspect of how policing and campus setting influence campus crimes, both those of a violent and non-violent nature. Empirical evidence presented here suggests that there are significant differences in the effectiveness of policing by census region, by degree of urbanization, and by campus setting. Results suggest that the policing elasticities of crime are higher in the Northeast and Midwest than in the South and West. The nationwide campus policing elasticity suggests that a 10% increase in the campus police force would lead to a 10.5% to 17.6% decrease in campus crime

Prediction of Total Body and Regional Strength Using Dexa Body Composition Measurements

ABSTRACT Resistance training is a valuable exercise modality but few tools exist to aid practitioners in refining resistance exercise prescriptions. PURPOSE: To determine if a relationship exists between strength and selected body composition variables measured by DEXA; and if so, develop equations which predict total body and regional strength. METHODS: Sixty-eight subjects (Male n = 34, Age = 35±11.96yrs, Height = 181.54±6.76cm, Weight = 97.82±16.68kg, Body Fat = 31.24±8.12% | Female n = 34, Age = 37±12.6yrs, Height = 165.41±5.64cm, Weight = 80.55±18.48kg, Body Fat = 43.00±10.16%) underwent DEXA body composition testing and maximal strength testing utilizing Keiser® pneumatic resistance exercise equipment. Regional strength was assessed on seven different lifts: leg press, chest press, leg curl, lat pull-down, leg extension, triceps push-down, and biceps curl. The sum of the seven lifts was considered a measure of total body strength (TBS). Multiple linear regression (step-wise removal) was used to predict TBS and regional strength from: age, height (cm), weight (kg), lean mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and percent body fat. RESULTS: Height (cm) Weight (kg) Lean Mass (kg) Body Fat (%) Constant Correlation Coefficient SEE Total Strength -15.049 49.552 1657.592 R2 = .747 293.776 Leg Press -10.889 2.210 22.049 1291.683 R2 = .689 151.146 Chest Press -1.116 -0.658 4.974 101.797 R2 = .746 25.750 Leg Curl 3.583 -17.974 R2 = .678 30.461 Lat Pull-down -0.494 -0.796 4.917 48.997 R2 = .780 24.811 Leg Extension -0.684 4.261 -17.836 R2 = .662 31.388 Tri Push-down -2.968 7.385 -2.706 495.841 R2 = .564 73.997 Biceps Curl 0.291 1.233 -0.433 -51.421 R2 = .739 11.981 CONCLUSION: DEXA body composition measurements are correlated with, and are shown to be significant predictors of total body and regional strength. Data obtained from DEXA body composition measurements are a useful tool which may aid practitioners and the general public when maximal strength testing is ill-advised or impractical

Acute Blood Pressure Response to Aquatic and Land Treadmill Exercise

PURPOSE: To determine the acute blood pressure response of aquatic treadmill (AT) exercise compared to land treadmill (LT) exercise. METHODS: 11 Subjects (6 male; 23 ± 2 years; 70 ± 1 inches; 164 ± 32 pounds) completed 3 to 5, 5-minute graded exercise stages (~20, 26, 32 ml-1∙kg-1∙min-1 for stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively) up to 85% age predicted maximal heart rate on AT. Blood pressure (BP) was measured manually at the conclusion of each stage while subjects straddled the treadmill belt for 20-30 seconds. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured continuously. Within 3-5 days, subjects completed an equivalent exercise bout on LT with stages matched for VO2. Resting BP and HR was measured with an automated BP cuff following 10 minutes of seated rest before exercise and every 3 minutes for 30 minutes during recovery. Pre-exercise BP was also measured manually following 5 minutes of standing on AT and LT immediately before exercise. A paired sample t-test was used to compare seated resting and pre-exercise standing measures between modes. Since all subjects completed at least 3 matched stages on each mode, a 3 (stage) x 2 (mode) ANOVA was used to analyze the dependent variables: VO2, HR, SBP, diastolic BP (DBP), mean BP (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), rate pressure product (RPP), and oxygen pulse (OP). SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR during seated recovery were analyzed by an 11 (time) x 2 (mode) ANOVA. All values presented as mean ± SE. RESULTS: Seated resting measures prior to exercise did not differ between modes. Pre-exercise standing SBP was greater (AT: 118 ± 9; LT: 113 ± 8; p = 0.05) and HR was lower (AT: 64 ± 10; LT: 77 ± 12; p \u3c 0.05) for AT relative to LT. During exercise, significant main effects for mode were found for DBP (AT: 65 ± 2; LT: 71 ± 2) and PP (AT: 81 ± 4; LT: 62 ± 4) with a trend toward significance in SBP (AT: 146 ± 4; LT: 135 ± 4; p = 0.057). Main effects for stage were significant for VO2, HR, RPP, and OP. No interactions were significant. During recovery, main effects for mode were observed only for HR (AT: 87 ± 1; LT: 78 ± 1), while there was a main effect for time for DBP, MAP, and HR. CONCLUSION: Hydrostatic pressure from AT increases exercise SBP and may lower HR

Perception and Respiratory Responses of the Upper Airway Mechanism to Added Resistance With Aging

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141059/1/lio2123_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141059/2/lio2123.pd

Crystal structure of 1-{(Z)-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene]amino}-3-ethylthiourea

In the title thiosemicarbazone compound, C18H18ClN3S, the CN3S residue is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0031 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 65.99 (7) and 34.60 (10)° with the phenyl and chlorobenzene rings, respectively; the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 85.13 (8)°. The conformation about the C=N bond is Z, and that about the C=C bonds is E. The imine N and ethyl N atoms are syn and are linked by an ethyl–imine N—H...N hydrogen bond. This H atom also forms an intermolecular hydrogen bond to the thione S atom, resulting in a supramolecular helical chain propagating along the b axis. The chains are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture by phenyl-C—H...Cl contacts and weak π–π interactions between centrosymmetrically related chlorobenzene rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.9127 (15) Å]

Localizing the Latent Structure Canonical Uncertainty: Entropy Profiles for Hidden Markov Models

This report addresses state inference for hidden Markov models. These models rely on unobserved states, which often have a meaningful interpretation. This makes it necessary to develop diagnostic tools for quantification of state uncertainty. The entropy of the state sequence that explains an observed sequence for a given hidden Markov chain model can be considered as the canonical measure of state sequence uncertainty. This canonical measure of state sequence uncertainty is not reflected by the classic multivariate state profiles computed by the smoothing algorithm, which summarizes the possible state sequences. Here, we introduce a new type of profiles which have the following properties: (i) these profiles of conditional entropies are a decomposition of the canonical measure of state sequence uncertainty along the sequence and makes it possible to localize this uncertainty, (ii) these profiles are univariate and thus remain easily interpretable on tree structures. We show how to extend the smoothing algorithms for hidden Markov chain and tree models to compute these entropy profiles efficiently.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Machine Learning Research; No RR-7896 (2012