Filíocht Phiarais Mhic Gearailt

Is é atá mar phríomhaidhm ag an tráchtas so ná eagrán nua de shaothar fileata Phiarais Mhic Gearailt, file Gaeilge a mhair in oirthear Chúige Mumhan san ochtú haois déag, a chur ar fáil. Tá na téacsanna ar fad dá chuid atá fós ar marthain i lámhscríbhinní na Gaeilge curtha in eagar anso ar shlí inar féidir le léitheoirí na Nua-Ghaeilge iad a léamh gan mórán dua, cé go gcloítear ag an am gcéanna, oiread agus is féidir, leis an bhfianaise a thugann na lámhscríbhinní seo ar Ghaeilge liteartha na hochtú haoise déag. Tá caibideal anso, chomh maith, ina bhfuil cur síos cuimsitheach ar an saol a chaith an Gearaltach bunaithe, don chuid is mó, ar fhianaise a chuid dánta atá in eagar i gcorp an tráchtais seo, agus ar a bhfuil d’eolas againn ina thaobh ó fhoinsí staire is ón eolas a bhailigh Risteard Ó Foghludha nuair a bhí sé sin i mbun oibre ar shaothar an Ghearaltaigh ag tosach na haoise seo caite. Ina theannta so, deintear plé ar theanga agus ar mheadarachtaí na dtéacsanna ar fad atá curtha in eagar sa tráchtas agus tugtar liosta iomlán na LSÍ Gaeilge ar a bhfuil na téacsanna bunaithe

Bacterial DNA topology and infectious disease

The Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and its close relative Salmonella enterica have made important contributions historically to our understanding of how bacteria control DNA supercoiling and of how supercoiling influences gene expression and vice versa. Now they are contributing again by providing examples where changes in DNA supercoiling affect the expression of virulence traits that are important for infectious disease. Available examples encompass both the earliest stages of pathogen–host interactions and the more intimate relationships in which the bacteria invade and proliferate within host cells. A key insight concerns the link between the physiological state of the bacterium and the activity of DNA gyrase, with downstream effects on the expression of genes with promoters that sense changes in DNA supercoiling. Thus the expression of virulence traits by a pathogen can be interpreted partly as a response to its own changing physiology. Knowledge of the molecular connections between physiology, DNA topology and gene expression offers new opportunities to fight infection

Comparative proteomics reveals differences in host-pathogen interaction between infectious and commensal relationship with Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading food-borne poisoning in industrialized countries. While the bacteria causes disease in humans, it merely colonizes the gut in poultry or pigs, where seems to establish a commensal relationship. Until now, few studies have been conducted to elucidate the relationship between C. jejuni and its different hosts. In this work, a comparative proteomics approach was used to identify the underlying mechanisms involved in the divergent outcome following C. jejuni infection in human and porcine host. Human (INT-407) and porcine (IPEC-1) intestinal cell lines were infected by C. jejuni for 3 h (T3h) and 24 h (T24h). C. jejuni infection prompted an intense inflammatory response at T3h in human intestinal cells, mainly characterized by expression of proteins involved in cell spreading, cell migration and promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proteomic analysis evidenced significantly regulated biofunctions in human cells related with engulfment and endocytosis, and supported by canonical pathways associated to infection such as caveolar- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis signaling. In porcine IPEC-1 cells, inflammatory response as well as signaling pathways that control cellular functions such as cell migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression resulted downregulated. These differences in the host response to infection were supported by the different pattern of adhesion and invasion proteins expressed by C. jejuni in human and porcine cells. No marked differences in expression of virulence factors involved in adaptive response and iron acquisition functions were observed. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that both host and pathogen factors are responsible for commensal or infectious character of C. jejuni in different hosts.Peer reviewedVeterinary Pathobiolog

The nucleoid-associated proteins H-NS and FIS modulate the DNA supercoiling response of the pel genes, the major virulence factors in the plant pathogen bacterium Dickeya dadantii

Dickeya dadantii is a pathogen infecting a wide range of plant species. Soft rot, the visible symptom, is mainly due to the production of pectate lyases (Pels) that can destroy the plant cell walls. Previously we found that the pel gene expression is modulated by H-NS and FIS, two nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) modulating the DNA topology. Here, we show that relaxation of the DNA in growing D. dadantii cells decreases the expression of pel genes. Deletion of fis aggravates, whereas that of hns alleviates the negative impact of DNA relaxation on pel expression. We further show that H-NS and FIS directly bind the pelE promoter and that the response of D. dadantii pel genes to stresses that induce DNA relaxation is modulated, although to different extents, by H-NS and FIS. We infer that FIS acts as a repressor buffering the negative impact of DNA relaxation on pel gene transcription, whereas H-NS fine-tunes the response of virulence genes precluding their expression under suboptimal conditions of supercoiling. This novel dependence of H-NS effect on DNA topology expands our understanding of the role of NAPs in regulating the global bacterial gene expression and bacterial pathogenicity

The Predicted Secretome of the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum: A Refined Comparative Analysis

The fungus Fusarium graminearum forms an intimate association with the host species wheat whilst infecting the floral tissues at anthesis. During the prolonged latent period of infection, extracellular communication between live pathogen and host cells must occur, implying a role for secreted fungal proteins. The wheat cells in contact with fungal hyphae subsequently die and intracellular hyphal colonisation results in the development of visible disease symptoms. Since the original genome annotation analysis was done in 2007, which predicted the secretome using TargetP, the F. graminearum gene call has changed considerably through the combined efforts of the BROAD and MIPS institutes. As a result of the modifications to the genome and the recent findings that suggested a role for secreted proteins in virulence, the F. graminearum secretome was revisited. In the current study, a refined F. graminearum secretome was predicted by combining several bioinformatic approaches. This strategy increased the probability of identifying truly secreted proteins. A secretome of 574 proteins was predicted of which 99% was supported by transcriptional evidence. The function of the annotated and unannotated secreted proteins was explored. The potential role(s) of the annotated proteins including, putative enzymes, phytotoxins and antifungals are discussed. Characterisation of the unannotated proteins included the analysis of Pfam domains and features associated with known fungal effectors, for example, small size, cysteine-rich and containing internal amino acid repeats. A comprehensive comparative genomic analysis involving 57 fungal and oomycete genomes revealed that only a small number of the predicted F. graminearum secreted proteins can be considered to be either species or sequenced strain specific

Filíocht Phiarais Mhic Gearailt

Is é atá mar phríomhaidhm ag an tráchtas so ná eagrán nua de shaothar fileata Phiarais Mhic Gearailt, file Gaeilge a mhair in oirthear Chúige Mumhan san ochtú haois déag, a chur ar fáil. Tá na téacsanna ar fad dá chuid atá fós ar marthain i lámhscríbhinní na Gaeilge curtha in eagar anso ar shlí inar féidir le léitheoirí na Nua-Ghaeilge iad a léamh gan mórán dua, cé go gcloítear ag an am gcéanna, oiread agus is féidir, leis an bhfianaise a thugann na lámhscríbhinní seo ar Ghaeilge liteartha na hochtú haoise déag. Tá caibideal anso, chomh maith, ina bhfuil cur síos cuimsitheach ar an saol a chaith an Gearaltach bunaithe, don chuid is mó, ar fhianaise a chuid dánta atá in eagar i gcorp an tráchtais seo, agus ar a bhfuil d’eolas againn ina thaobh ó fhoinsí staire is ón eolas a bhailigh Risteard Ó Foghludha nuair a bhí sé sin i mbun oibre ar shaothar an Ghearaltaigh ag tosach na haoise seo caite. Ina theannta so, deintear plé ar theanga agus ar mheadarachtaí na dtéacsanna ar fad atá curtha in eagar sa tráchtas agus tugtar liosta iomlán na LSÍ Gaeilge ar a bhfuil na téacsanna bunaithe

Filíocht Phiarais Mhic Gearailt

Is é atá mar phríomhaidhm ag an tráchtas so ná eagrán nua de shaothar fileata Phiarais Mhic Gearailt, file Gaeilge a mhair in oirthear Chúige Mumhan san ochtú haois déag, a chur ar fáil. Tá na téacsanna ar fad dá chuid atá fós ar marthain i lámhscríbhinní na Gaeilge curtha in eagar anso ar shlí inar féidir le léitheoirí na Nua-Ghaeilge iad a léamh gan mórán dua, cé go gcloítear ag an am gcéanna, oiread agus is féidir, leis an bhfianaise a thugann na lámhscríbhinní seo ar Ghaeilge liteartha na hochtú haoise déag. Tá caibideal anso, chomh maith, ina bhfuil cur síos cuimsitheach ar an saol a chaith an Gearaltach bunaithe, don chuid is mó, ar fhianaise a chuid dánta atá in eagar i gcorp an tráchtais seo, agus ar a bhfuil d’eolas againn ina thaobh ó fhoinsí staire is ón eolas a bhailigh Risteard Ó Foghludha nuair a bhí sé sin i mbun oibre ar shaothar an Ghearaltaigh ag tosach na haoise seo caite. Ina theannta so, deintear plé ar theanga agus ar mheadarachtaí na dtéacsanna ar fad atá curtha in eagar sa tráchtas agus tugtar liosta iomlán na LSÍ Gaeilge ar a bhfuil na téacsanna bunaithe

Filíocht Phiarais Mhic Gearailt

Is é atá mar phríomhaidhm ag an tráchtas so ná eagrán nua de shaothar fileata Phiarais Mhic Gearailt, file Gaeilge a mhair in oirthear Chúige Mumhan san ochtú haois déag, a chur ar fáil. Tá na téacsanna ar fad dá chuid atá fós ar marthain i lámhscríbhinní na Gaeilge curtha in eagar anso ar shlí inar féidir le léitheoirí na Nua-Ghaeilge iad a léamh gan mórán dua, cé go gcloítear ag an am gcéanna, oiread agus is féidir, leis an bhfianaise a thugann na lámhscríbhinní seo ar Ghaeilge liteartha na hochtú haoise déag. Tá caibideal anso, chomh maith, ina bhfuil cur síos cuimsitheach ar an saol a chaith an Gearaltach bunaithe, don chuid is mó, ar fhianaise a chuid dánta atá in eagar i gcorp an tráchtais seo, agus ar a bhfuil d’eolas againn ina thaobh ó fhoinsí staire is ón eolas a bhailigh Risteard Ó Foghludha nuair a bhí sé sin i mbun oibre ar shaothar an Ghearaltaigh ag tosach na haoise seo caite. Ina theannta so, deintear plé ar theanga agus ar mheadarachtaí na dtéacsanna ar fad atá curtha in eagar sa tráchtas agus tugtar liosta iomlán na LSÍ Gaeilge ar a bhfuil na téacsanna bunaithe