El desarrollo profesional en la Universidad de Ramkhamhaeng (Tailandia) desde la perspectiva de los docentes

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y EducaciónEn esta investigación se caracteriza el desarrollo profesional de los docentes de la Universidad de Ramkhamhaeng (Bangkok, Tailandia), a través de la percepción que estos docentes tienen de diversos elementos relativos a la conceptualización de la docencia, de las funciones que comporta el ejercicio de la profesión en el marco universitario y de los aspectos contextuales que particularizan el ejercicio profesional, relativos éstos a la institución educativa y a su entorno sociocultural. Todos estos elementos constituyen y definen el desarrollo profesional en un marco determinado. A fin de lograr un acercamiento integral y amplio al tema, se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto, combinando metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa. Para ello se elaboró y validó un cuestionario para medir las variables asociadas a la concepción que los docentes de la Universidad de Ramkhamhaeng tienen de la profesión y del entorno en el que ésta tiene lugar. Para la validación del instrumento se solicitó el juicio de expertos en el área de la Educación Superior y se realizó una prueba piloto. Para ahondar en la interpretación que los docentes de esta universidad tienen de su realidad profesional se recurrió a las entrevistas en profundidad que complementaron y aclararon algunos aspectos de los datos obtenidos a través del cuestionario. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que los docentes de la Universidad de Ramkhamhaeng carecen de formación pedagógica suficiente para hacer frente a los retos que plantean las peculiaridades del contexto universitario de esta Universidad. También se evidencian serios problemas organizacionales y estructurales que inciden de forma negativa en el desarrollo profesional y que la Evaluación para la Certificación de la Calidad ha puesto de manifiesto.In this study, the professional development of Ramkhamhaeng University lecturers in Bangkok (Thailand) is characterized through their perception of different factors regarding teaching conceptualization, functions involving the exercise of the profession in the university context, and the contextual issues that distinguish the professional practice, with regard to the educational institution and its sociocultural environment. All these factors constitute and define the professional development in a particular context. In order to achieve a broad and integral perspective to the issue, a mixed methodological approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methodology was employed. A questionnaire was elaborated and validated in order to measure the variables associated with the conception Ramkhamhaeng University lecturers have concerning their profession and the work environment. The questionnaire was validated using experts judgment in Higher Education and a pilot test was undertaken. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted in order to support and clarify some aspects of the information obtained through the questionnaire, enabling a more thorough interpretation of the way the lecturers of this University understand their own professional reality. The results reveal a lack of sufficient pedagogical training among Ramkhamhaeng University lecturers to be able to meet the challenges in this idiosyncratic teaching envelopment. Moreover, the results show a number of serious organizational and structural problems which negatively affect lecturers’ development, with impacts being demonstrated through the Quality Assurance Evaluation

Características en niños menores de tres años de edad con riesgo de alergia alimentaria

En los niños con riesgo de alergia alimentaria (AA) son importantes ciertas recomendaciones nutricionales antes del primer año de vida. Objetivo: Determinar algunas características en niños < 3 años de edad con riesgo de adquirir AA. Metodología: Se realizaron 100 encuestas a los padres o tutores, que incluyeron datos como edad, género, antropometría (peso y talla), características relacionadas con AA, como leche materna (LM) exclusiva, leche de vaca (LV), alimentación complementaria antes del primer año de vida (huevo, pescado, frutas cítricas y gluten), y dieta de eliminación. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva como promedio ± desviación estándar (X±DS); chi cuadrado y prueba de Fisher; p < 0.05. Resultados: N = 100 niños entre dos meses y tres años de edad (13.56 ±9.50 meses); 53 masculinos; grupo 1 (n=50): riesgo de AA (asma, rinitis, hiperreactividad bronquial, bronquiolitis, atopia cutánea; antecedentes de alergias en familiares de primera línea de consanguinidad); grupo 2 (n=50): sin riesgo de AA. Los X±DS fueron inicio de la alimentación complementaria = 4.3±2.7 meses, de LM = 7.6±5.8 meses, de LV = 7.7±4.4 meses, de huevo = 8.7±3.1 meses, de gluten = 8.4±3.9 meses, y de frutas cítricas = 8.2±3.3 meses. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a edad, peso, talla, edad de inicio de la alimentación complementaria, duración de LM, edad de inicio de LV, uso de LM exclusiva, LV antes del año de edad, ni del huevo, frutas cítricas, pescado o gluten. Hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a uso de dieta de eliminación (p = 0.004). Conclusiones: En niños con riesgo de AA es clave recomendar una dieta de eliminación tanto en la madre que lacta como en sus hijos, orientada por profesionales de la salud

Insight into the diindolo[3,2-b:2',3'-h]carbazole core as an air-stable semiconductor for OTFTs

Encouraged by the outstanding performance of pentacene, the perspective over enhanced organic semiconductors has been focused on studying analogous ladder-type materials. In this context, the case of the diindolo[3,2-b:2',3'-h]carbazole core is a promising example of a semiconductor with improved stability. Herein, we report the synthesis of five diindolo[3,2-b:2',3'-h]carbazole derivatives displaying different alkylation patterning, as well as their integration in organic thin-film transistors. The elucidation of the single-crystal structures of three of the derivatives, accomplished by means of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), provided further insight into the intermolecular disposition of this core. As a result, the relationship between the structural design and the performance of the final devices could be analyzed. Globally, a scope of mobility values from 10–6 to 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1 was achieved by just fine-tuning the length of the alkyl chains and the type of passivation layer applied onto the SiO2 surface. Remarkably, all the fabricated devices excel in terms of temporal and air stability with a shelf lifetime up to years, a coveted feature in organic electronics that confirms the potential of this core.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheMinisteriodeEconomía,IndústriayCompetitividad(grantnumberFUNMAT-PGC2018-095477-B-I00).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Performance of global luminous efficacy models and proposal of a new model for daylighting in Burgos, Spain

Daylighting is recognized as an important and useful strategy in the design of energy efficient buildings. Daylight is still the best source of light for good colour rendering and visual comfort. In this study, a new model of global luminous efficacy over a horizontal surface is proposed. A comparative study of eighteen classic models is presented, to obtain global horizontal illuminance, using both, the original formulation and new formulae with local adaptations, in order to determine the most suitable models for the conditions in Burgos (Spain). With this aim in mind, the selected models consisted of six models developed for all sky conditions, five models for clear sky conditions, three for partly cloudy sky and four for modelling overcast sky conditions. These eighteen models were also compared with the proposed model using experimental global illuminance measurements for different sky conditions. It was shown that the proposed model behaved in a better way than most of the classic models selected from the literature; both for all sky conditions and for particular sky conditions (clear, partly cloudy and overcast). The proposed model was therefore generally applicable, with no need to employ a different model for each particular sky condition.Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) (ENE2014-54601-R

Serotonin 5-HT1A receptors modulate neural rhythms in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and prefronto-hippocampal connectivity in alert mice

Theserotonergic system plays a crucial role in cognition and is a target of many psychiatric treatments. In particular, serotonin 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus play key roles in learning, memory, behavioral flexibility, and response inhibition. Here, we investigated how 5-HT1A receptors influence neural network dynamics in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and prefronto-hippocampal functional connectivity in alert mice. We found that pharmacological stimulation of 5-HT1AR with 8-OH-DPAT markedly reduces theta, beta, and high gamma oscillations in both areas and weakens prefronto-hippocampal phase synchronization at theta and beta frequencies. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT1A receptors with WAY-100635 reduces theta and high gamma oscillatory activity but increases beta and delta oscillations. It also weakens prefronto-hippocampal phase synchronization at theta frequencies. These results reveal that prefronto-hippocampal neurodynamics are highly sensitive to 5-HT1A manipulation and may be relevant for understanding the actions of psychiatric medication targeting the serotonergic system.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Photovoltaic Prediction Software: Evaluation with Real Data from Northern Spain

Prediction of energy production is crucial for the design and installation of PV plants. In this study, five free and commercial software tools to predict photovoltaic energy production are evaluated: RETScreen, Solar Advisor Model (SAM), PVGIS, PVSyst, and PV*SOL. The evaluation involves a comparison of monthly and annually predicted data on energy supplied to the national grid with real field data collected from three real PV plants. All the systems, located in Castile and Leon (Spain), have three different tilting systems: fixed mounting, horizontal-axis tracking, and dual-axis tracking. The last 12 years of operating data, from 2008 to 2020, are used in the evaluation. Although the commercial software tools were easier to use and their installations could be described in detail, their results were not appreciably superior. In annual global terms, the results hid poor estimations throughout the year, where overestimations were compensated by underestimated results. This fact was reflected in the monthly results: the software yielded overestimates during the colder months, while the models showed better estimates during the warmer months. In most studies, the deviation was below 10% when the annual results were analyzed. The accuracy of the software was also reduced when the complexity of the dual-axis solar tracking systems replaced the fixed installation.This research was funded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, grant number RTI2018-098900-B-I00 and the Regional Government of Castilla y León under the “Support Program for Recognized Research Groups of Public Universities of Castilla y León” (ORDEN EDU/667/2019) and “Health and Safety Program” (INVESTUN/19/BU/0004)

Development of a Real-Time PCR method for the identification of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)

5 páginas, 3 tablas, 2 figurasA Real Time-PCR method based on TaqMan technology for the identification of Scomber scombrus has been developed. A system of specific primers and a Minor Groove Binding (MGB) TaqMan probe based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b region was designed. The method was successfully tested in 81 specimens of S. scombrus and related species and validated in 26 different commercial samples. An average Threshold Cycle (Ct) value of 15.3 was obtained with S. scombrus DNA. With the other species tested fluorescence signal was not detected or Ct was significantly higher (P < 0.001). The efficiency of the assay was estimated to be 92.41%, with 100% specificity, and no cross reactivity was detected with any other species. These results reveal that the developed method is a rapid and efficient tool to unequivocally identify S. scombrus and may aid in the prevention of fraud or mislabelling in mackerel productsThe work was supported by the project “Traceability control mechanisms in the mackerel food chain between Norway and Japan – TraCtrolMac” (No: 251810704011000009)Peer reviewe

Complejidad, transdisciplinariedad y ecoformación: en la aproximación de las escuelas rurales a la vida en el campo y a las demandas globales

As escolas do campo são instituições que atendem, prioritariamente, estudantes residentes em áreas rurais. Suscitam, portanto, práticas pedagógicas articuladas às demandas dos contextos locais, sem desconsiderar as demandas globais. Considerando essa necessidade, este artigo teve como propósito analisar publicações brasileiras que discutem, articuladamente, as escolas do campo e as práticas pedagógicas sugerindo uma aproximação com a complexidade, a transdisciplinaridade e a ecoformação. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica centrada na abordagem qualitativa, identificaram-se sete publicações entre os anos de 2007 e 2019, incluindo artigos científicos e trabalhos de conclusão de curso de graduação e pós-graduação. Observou-se que as publicações se aproximam dessa tríade conceitual quando valorizam a articulação das escolas do campo à vida campesina, apesar de as demandas globais e os três conceitos estarem explícitos e intencionalmente demarcados somente em uma das publicações. Palavras-chave: Escola do Campo, Complexidade, Transdisciplinaridade, Ecoformação. &nbsp; Complexity, transdisciplinarity and eco-forming in bringing rural schools closer to life in the countryside and global demands&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ABSTRACT. Rural schools are institutions that primarily serve students residing in rural areas. Therefore, they raise pedagogical practices articulated to the demands of local contexts, without disregarding, however, global demands. Considering these demands, this article aimed to analyze Brazilian publications that discuss rural schools and pedagogical practices articulately and suggest an approach with complexity, transdisciplinarity and ecoformation. Through a bibliographic search centered on the qualitative approach, seven publications were identified between the years 2007 and 2019, including scientific articles and works of conclusion of undergraduate and graduate courses. It was observed that the publications approach the triad when they value the articulation of rural schools to rural life, although the global demands and the three concepts are explicitly and intentionally demarcated only in one of the publications. Keywords: Rural School, Complexity, Transdisciplinarity, Ecoformation. &nbsp; Complejidad, transdisciplinariedad y ecoformación en la aproximación de las escuelas rurales a la vida en el campo y a las demandas globales RESUMEN. Las escuelas rurales son instituciones que prioritariamente atienden a estudiantes que residen en áreas rurales. Por esta razón, suscitan prácticas pedagógicas articuladas a las demandas de los contextos locales, pero que sin embargo no dejan de considerar las demandas globales. Considerando esta necesidad, el propósito de este artículo es analizar las publicaciones brasileñas que discuten, de forma articulada, las escuelas rurales y las prácticas pedagógicas, y que sugieren una aproximación con la complejidad, la transdisciplinariedad y la ecoformación. Por medio de una investigación bibliográfica, centrándose en el enfoque cualitativo, se identificaron siete publicaciones entre 2007 y 2019, inclusive artículos científicos y trabajos finales de grado y posgrado. Se observó que las publicaciones se aproximan de la triada cuando valoran la articulación de las escuelas rurales a la vida campesina, a pesar de que las demandas globales y los tres conceptos están explícita e intencionalmente demarcados solamente en una de las publicaciones. Palabras clave: Escuela Rural, Complejidad, Transdisciplinariedad, Ecoformación.ABSTRACT. Rural schools are institutions that primarily serve students residing in rural areas. Therefore, they raise pedagogical practices articulated to the demands of local contexts, without disregarding, however, global demands. Considering these demands, this article aimed to analyze Brazilian publications that discuss rural schools and pedagogical practices articulately and suggest an approach with complexity, transdisciplinarity and ecoformation. Through a bibliographic search centered on the qualitative approach, seven publications were identified between the years 2007 and 2019, including scientific articles and works of conclusion of undergraduate and graduate courses. It was observed that the publications approach the triad when they value the articulation of rural schools to rural life, although the global demands and the three concepts are explicitly and intentionally demarcated only in one of the publications.ABSTRACT. Rural schools are institutions that primarily serve students residing in rural areas. Therefore, they raise pedagogical practices articulated to the demands of local contexts, without disregarding, however, global demands. Considering these demands, this article aimed to analyze Brazilian publications that discuss rural schools and pedagogical practices articulately and suggest an approach with complexity, transdisciplinarity and ecoformation. Through a bibliographic search centered on the qualitative approach, seven publications were identified between the years 2007 and 2019, including scientific articles and works of conclusion of undergraduate and graduate courses. It was observed that the publications approach the triad when they value the articulation of rural schools to rural life, although the global demands and the three concepts are explicitly and intentionally demarcated only in one of the publications.ABSTRACT. Rural schools are institutions that primarily serve students residing in rural areas. Therefore, they raise pedagogical practices articulated to the demands of local contexts, without disregarding, however, global demands. Considering these demands, this article aimed to analyze Brazilian publications that discuss rural schools and pedagogical practices articulately and suggest an approach with complexity, transdisciplinarity and ecoformation. Through a bibliographic search centered on the qualitative approach, seven publications were identified between the years 2007 and 2019, including scientific articles and works of conclusion of undergraduate and graduate courses. It was observed that the publications approach the triad when they value the articulation of rural schools to rural life, although the global demands and the three concepts are explicitly and intentionally demarcated only in one of the publications.RESUMEN. Las escuelas rurales son instituciones que prioritariamente atienden a estudiantes que residen en áreas rurales. Por esta razón, suscitan prácticas pedagógicas articuladas a las demandas de los contextos locales, pero que sin embargo no dejan de considerar las demandas globales. Considerando esta necesidad, el propósito de este artículo es analizar las publicaciones brasileñas que discuten, de forma articulada, las escuelas rurales y las prácticas pedagógicas, y que sugieren una aproximación con la complejidad, la transdisciplinariedad y la ecoformación. Por medio de una investigación bibliográfica, centrándose en el enfoque cualitativo, se identificaron siete publicaciones entre 2007 y 2019, inclusive artículos científicos y trabajos finales de grado y posgrado. Se observó que las publicaciones se aproximan de la triada cuando valoran la articulación de las escuelas rurales a la vida campesina, a pesar de que las demandas globales y los tres conceptos están explícita e intencionalmente demarcados solamente en una de las publicaciones

Estudio sobre la distribución óptima de termogeneradores acoplados a paneles fotovoltaicos

En este trabajo se estudia el acoplamiento de células termogeneradoras (celdas Seebeck) a la parte posterior de paneles fotovoltaicos, aprovechando el calor residual para producir energía. Además este acoplamiento reduce la temperatura de trabajo del panel fotovoltaico, mejorando tanto su rendimiento eléctrico como su vida útil a largo plazo. Se ha realizado un modelo teórico enMatlab y Simulink, que integra el modelo térmico del panel y el termogeneradorcon el modelo eléctrico de 5 parámetros propio de una celda fotovoltaica. Se verificará la validez de este modelo con los datos de producción y condiciones de operación dados por el fabricante, así como con posteriores medidas experimentales. Además, el modelo implementado permite considerar de forma individual cada una de las 60 células fotovoltaicas en serie que componen el panel ensayado, proporcionando la posibilidad de colocar posteriormente a cada una de las células el número de termogeneradores deseado en el estudio. De esta forma, el sistema modelado permite simular diferentes posiciones de los termogeneradores en la parte posterior del panel, permitiendo así hallar la distribución de termogeneradores que proporciona el resultado óptimo energéticamente y más económico