ECONOMIA DO GRUPO KAINGANG DO OESTE PAULISTA NA TERRA INDÍGENA VANUÍRE

This article aims to describe the historical and ethnographic content of the Kaingang group from Oeste Paulista, in the Indigenous Land Vanuíre, and how they promote their economy. The Kaingang are peoples belonging to the Macro-Jê linguistic group, and the Jê family is considered one of the largest indigenous groups from the population point of view. The methodology adopted for the development of this article is based on bibliographic and descriptive typology, using documentary research as a technique. It is hoped to obtain, with this article, a systematic set of information, which, when reaching the objective of the work, can contribute to a better understanding of the economy of the Kaingang group in Western São Paulo, in the Terra Indígena Vanuíre.   KEYWORDS:  Ethnodevelopment; Kaingang; Terra Indígena Vanuíre.Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir el contenido histórico y etnográfico del grupo Kaingang del Oeste Paulista, en la Tierra Indígena Vanuíre, y cómo promueven su economía. Los Kaingang son pueblos pertenecientes al grupo lingüístico Macro-Jê, y la familia Jê es considerada uno de los grupos indígenas más grandes desde el punto de vista poblacional. La metodología adoptada para el desarrollo de este artículo se basa en la tipología bibliográfica y descriptiva, utilizando como técnica la investigación documental. Se espera obtener, con este artículo, un conjunto sistemático de información que, al alcanzar el objetivo del trabajo, puede contribuir a una mejor comprensión de la economía del grupo Kaingang en el Oeste de São Paulo, en la Tierra Indígena Vanuíre.   PALABRAS-CLAVES: Etnodesarrollo; Kaingang; Terra Indígena VanuíreO presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever o conteúdo histórico e etnográfico do grupo Kaingang do Oeste Paulista, na Terra Indígena Vanuíre, e como promovem sua economia.  Os Kaingang são povos pertencentes ao tronco linguístico Macro-Jê, e família Jê, é considerado um dos maiores grupos indígenas do ponto de vista populacional. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvimento deste artigo parte da tipologia bibliográfica e descritiva, tendo como técnica a pesquisa documental. Espera-se obter, com deste artigo, um conjunto sistematizado de informações, que ao alcançar o objetivo do trabalho, possa contribuir para o melhor entendimento sobre a economia do grupo Kaingang do Oeste Paulista, na Terra Indígena Vanuíre.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Etnodesenvolvimento; Kaingang; Terra Indígena Vanuíre

Antiproliferative activity of extracts of Euphorbia tirucalli L (Euphorbiaceae) from three regions of Brazil

Purpose: To investigate Euphorbia tirucalli extract for probable geographic variations in its antiproliferative activity.Methods: The aerial parts of E. tirucalli were collected in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, Pará, Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina. The 70 % ethanol extract was obtained according to the procedure described in Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia. The antiproliferative activity of extracts, in concentrations of 62, 125, 250, and 500 μg mL-1, was tested against leukemia (HL-60), lymphoma (Daudi) and melanoma (B16F10) cell lines using methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay (MTT). Phytochemical analysis were carried out using High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array (HPLC-UV-DAD) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI(-) FT-ICR MS) assays.Results: There was significant regional variability in the cytotoxicity of E. tirucalli extracts in a dosedependent manner. The extracts had similar activity towards leukemia cell line HL-60, decreasing cell viability to about 60 – 70 %. The extract showed the presence of ellagitannins, flavonoids, veracylglucan, and acid triterpenes as the major compounds.Conclusion: While the results support the ethnopharmacological use of E. tirucalli throughout Brazil, regional quantitative differences found in some classes of secondary metabolites may explain the variations observed in antitumor activity.Keywords: Aveloz, Cancer, Cytotoxicity, Antiproliferative, Ethnopharmacological, Traditional medicin

Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga II: Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil

We provide a list of amphibians, lizards, chelonians, and snakes collected during a 30-day expedition to the Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí State, Brazil. Thirty-seven pitfall trap arrays composed of 4 buckets each, along with glue traps, funnel traps, and haphazard searches, were used to sample the herpetofaunal diversity. We recorded 17 species of lizards, 1 caecilian, 1 chelonian, 7 frogs, and 11 snakes. Rarefaction curves suggest that local biodiversity is still underestimated. An atypical drought during the period of study may have contributed to lower captures of certain groups, especially amphibians and snakes. The presence of water-dependent and forest-dependent species within local canyons (“Boqueirões”) suggests that these areas harbor faunas associated with relictual rainforest fragments and need to be better studied and managed accordinglyFil: Barbosa de Queiroga Calvacanti, Lucas. Universidade Federal Da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Borges Costa, Tais. Universidade Federal Da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Rinaldi Colli, Guarino. Universidade Do Brasilia; BrasilFil: Corrêa Costa, Gabriel. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte. Centro de Biociencias. Departamento de Boanica, Ecologia E Zoologia; BrasilFil: Rodrigues França, Frederico Gustavo. Universidade Federal Da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Oliveira Mesquita, Daniel. Universidade Federal Da Paraiba; BrasilFil: Silva Palmeira, Cristiane Nikely. Universidade Federal de Alagoas; BrasilFil: Pelegrin, Nicolas. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoologia Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Cordoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal; ArgentinaFil: Soares, Ana Hemínia Bello. Universidade Do Brasilia; BrasilFil: Tucker, Derek B.. University Brigham Young; Estados UnidosFil: Garda, Adrian Antonio. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Brasi

Perillyl alcohol in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN-PA): Cytotoxicity and antitumor potential in sarcoma 180 mice model

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells. These cells invade organs and tissues by extension or direct dissemination and can spread to other regions of the body. Nanomedicine offers many possibilities to prevent the spread of cancer tissue and help cure the disease. In this work, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were used to encapsulate perillyl alcohol (PA), a volatile monoterpene with proven anticancer activity. Encapsulation of PA into SLN (SLN-PA) is expected to promote controlled release, increase PA bioavailability, and impair the volatility of the monoterpene. SLN-PA prepared by high-shear homogenization showed average particle diameter around 254 nm, polydispersity index ~ 0.35, zeta potential ~ -14.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiency 84.6%. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed a decrease in crystallinity, suggesting the encapsulation of PA in the SLN, confirming the spherical shape and the loading of the monoterpene in the SLN. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against murine fibroblasts (L929) showed that SLN-PA in both treated doses did not induce any cytotoxicity on non-tumoral cells. In vivo antitumor effect of the SLN-PA was evaluated in sarcoma 180-transplanted mice. The in vivo results demonstrated a significant tumor inhibition rate of 51.76 and 54.49% via intraperitoneal application of SLN-PA at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day (p < 0.05), respective when compared to the negative control (dimethyl sulfoxide). Adverse side effects of SLN-PA were not noticed in the liver, the kidney, or spleen tissue. The developed SLN-PA can be considered as a safe approach for site-specific antitumor effect in vivo, reinterpreting new nanoparticles- based cancer therapy.This work was supported by the Banco do Nordeste (grant FUNDECI/2016.0015), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe (Fapitec) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Eliana B. Souto would like to acknowledge the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT/MCT) and from European Funds (PRODER/COMPETE) for the project UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund), co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ECONOMY OF THE KAINGANG GROUP OF OESTE PAULISTA IN THE TERRA INDÍGENA VANUÍRE

This article aims to describe the historical and ethnographic content of the Kaingang group from Oeste Paulista, in the Indigenous Land Vanuíre, and how they promote their economy. The Kaingang are peoples belonging to the Macro-Jê linguistic group, and the Jê family is considered one of the largest indigenous groups from the population point of view. The methodology adopted for the development of this article is based on bibliographic and descriptive typology, using documentary research as a technique. It is hoped to obtain, with this article, a systematic set of information, which, when reaching the objective of the work, can contribute to a better understanding of the economy of the Kaingang group in Western São Paulo, in the Indigenous Land Vanuíre. &nbsp; KEYWORDS: Ethnodevelopment; Kaingang; Terra Indígena Vanuíre.Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir el contenido histórico y etnográfico del grupo Kaingang del Oeste Paulista, en la Tierra Indígena Vanuíre, y cómo promueven su economía. Los Kaingang son pueblos pertenecientes al grupo lingüístico Macro-Jê, y la familia Jê es considerada uno de los grupos indígenas más grandes desde el punto de vista poblacional. La metodología adoptada para el desarrollo de este artículo se basa en la tipología bibliográfica y descriptiva, utilizando como técnica la investigación documental. Se espera obtener, con este artículo, un conjunto sistemático de información que, al alcanzar el objetivo del trabajo, puede contribuir a una mejor comprensión de la economía del grupo Kaingang en el Oeste de São Paulo, en la Tierra Indígena Vanuíre. &nbsp; PALABRAS CLAVE: Etnodesarrollo; Kaingang; Terra Indígena Vanuíre.This article aims to describe the historical and ethnographic content of the Kaingang group from Oeste Paulista, in the Indigenous Land Vanuíre, and how they promote their economy. The Kaingang are peoples belonging to the Macro-Jê linguistic group, and the Jê family is considered one of the largest indigenous groups from the population point of view. The methodology adopted for the development of this article is based on bibliographic and descriptive typology, using documentary research as a technique. It is hoped to obtain, with this article, a systematic set of information, which, when reaching the objective of the work, can contribute to a better understanding of the economy of the Kaingang group in Western São Paulo, in the Indigenous Land Vanuíre. &nbsp; KEYWORDS: Ethnodevelopment; Kaingang; Terra Indígena Vanuír

Expanding the knowledge on lignocellulolytic and redox enzymes of worker and soldier castes from the lower termite coptotermes gestroi

Termites are considered one of the most efficient decomposers of lignocelluloses on Earth due to their ability to produce, along with its microbial symbionts, a repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Recently, a set of Pro-oxidant, Antioxidant, and Detoxification enzymes (PAD) were also correlated with the metabolism of carbohydrates and lignin in termites. The lower termite Coptotermes gestroi is considered the main urban pest in Brazil, causing damage to wood constructions. Recently, analysis of the enzymatic repertoire of C. gestroi unveiled the presence of different CAZymes. Because the gene profile of CAZy/PAD enzymes endogenously synthesized by C. gestroi and also by their symbiotic protists remains unclear, the aim of this study was to explore the eukaryotic repertoire of these enzymes in worker and soldier castes of C. gestroi. Our findings showed that worker and soldier castes present similar repertoires of CAZy/PAD enzymes, and also confirmed that endo-glucanases (GH9) and beta-glucosidases (GH1) were the most important glycoside hydrolase families related to lignocellulose degradation in both castes. Classical cellulases such as exo-glucanases (GH7) and endo-glucanases (GH5 and GH45), as well as classical xylanases (GH10 and GH11), were found in both castes only taxonomically related to protists, highlighting the importance of symbiosis in C. gestroi. Moreover, our analysis revealed the presence of Auxiliary Activity enzyme families (AAs), which could be related to lignin modifications in termite digestomes. In conclusion, this report expanded the knowledge on genes and proteins related to CAZy/PAD enzymes from worker and soldier castes of lower termites, revealing new potential enzyme candidates for second-generation biofuel processes7CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP140796/2013-4; 310186/2014-5; 442333/2014-511/20977-3; 15/06971-3; 12/19040-0; 14/10351-8; 06/59086-8; 14/20576- 7; 13/03061-0; 10/11469-1; 08/58037-9; 14/50371-8; 08/50114-

Flow cytometry immunophenotyping for diagnostic orientation and classification of pediatric cancer based on the euroflow solid tumor orientation tube (Stot)

© 2021 by the authors.Early diagnosis of pediatric cancer is key for adequate patient management and improved outcome. Although multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has proven of great utility in the diagnosis and classification of hematologic malignancies, its application to non-hematopoietic pediatric tumors remains limited. Here we designed and prospectively validated a new single eight-color antibody combination—solid tumor orientation tube, STOT—for diagnostic screening of pediatric cancer by MFC. A total of 476 samples (139 tumor mass, 138 bone marrow, 86 lymph node, 58 peripheral blood, and 55 other body fluid samples) from 296 patients with diagnostic suspicion of pediatric cancer were analyzed by MFC vs. conventional diagnostic procedures. STOT was designed after several design–test–evaluate–redesign cycles based on a large panel of monoclonal antibody combinations tested on 301 samples. In its final version, STOT consists of a single 8-color/12-marker antibody combination (CD99-CD8/numyogenin/CD4-EpCAM/CD56/GD2/smCD3-CD19/cyCD3-CD271/CD45). Prospective validation of STOT in 149 samples showed concordant results with the patient WHO/ICCC-3 diagnosis in 138/149 cases (92.6%). These included: 63/63 (100%) reactive/disease-free samples, 43/44 (98%) malignant and 4/4 (100%) benign non-hematopoietic tumors together with 28/38 (74%) leukemia/lymphoma cases; the only exception was Hodgkin lymphoma that required additional markers to be stained. In addition, STOT allowed accurate discrimination among the four most common subtypes of malignant CD45− CD56++ non-hematopoietic solid tumors: 13/13 (GD2++ numyogenin− CD271−/+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM−) neuroblastoma samples, 5/5 (GD2− numyogenin++ CD271++ nuMyoD1++ CD99−/+ EpCAM−) rhabdomyosarcomas, 2/2 (GD2−/+ numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99+ EpCAM−) Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, and 7/7 (GD2− numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM+) Wilms tumors. In summary, here we designed and validated a new standardized antibody combination and MFC assay for diagnostic screening of pediatric solid tumors that might contribute to fast and accurate diagnostic orientation and classification of pediatric cancer in routine clinical practice.This research was funded by the EuroFlow Consortium; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FAPERJ), numbers: E26/110.105/2014, E-26/010.101259/2018, and E26/102.191/2013; grant from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasília, Brazil (CNPQ), Brasília, Brazil, numbers: 303765/2018-6, 409440/2016-7, and 400194/2014-7; and Instituto Desiderata/Chevron, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, grant “Actions to improve pediatric cancer assistance in RJ”; the EuroFlow Consortium (grant LSHB-CT-2006-018708); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain and FONDOS FEDER), numbers: CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480; grant from Bilateral Cooperation Program between Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES (Brasília/Brazil) and Dirección General de Políticas Universitárias (DGPU)-Ministério de Educación, Cultura y Deportes (Madrid/Spain) number DGPU 311/15

Silver nanoparticles-composing alginate/gelatine hydrogel improves wound healing in vivo

Polymer hydrogels have been suggested as dressing materials for the treatment of cutaneous wounds and tissue revitalization. In this work, we report the development of a hydrogel composed of natural polymers (sodium alginate and gelatin) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with recognized antimicrobial activity for healing cutaneous lesions. For the development of the hydrogel, different ratios of sodium alginate and gelatin have been tested, while different concentrations of AgNO3 precursor (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mM) were assayed for the production of AgNPs. The obtained AgNPs exhibited a characteristic peak between 430450 nm in the ultraviolet-visible (UVVis) spectrum suggesting a spheroidal form, which was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analysis suggested the formation of strong intermolecular interactions as hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attractions between polymers, showing bands at 2920, 2852, 1500, and 1640 cm1. Significant bactericidal activity was observed for the hydrogel, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 0.50 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 53.0 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. AgNPs were shown to be non-cytotoxic against fibroblast cells. The in vivo studies in female Wister rats confirmed the capacity of the AgNP-loaded hydrogels to reduce the wound size compared to uncoated injuries promoting histological changes in the healing tissue over the time course of wound healing, as in earlier development and maturation of granulation tissue. The developed hydrogel with AgNPs has healing potential for clinical applications.This research received funding from the Coordenação Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sergipe (FAPITEC), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, #443238/2014-6, #470388/2014-5), and from the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) projects M-ERA-NET/0004/2015 (PAIRED) and UIDB/04469/2020 (strategic fund).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio