Validation of the ST3x1 Step Test as an estimator of peak VO2 in adults with cardiovascular risk factors

Objective: To validate a tool for assessment and control of functional capacity and peak oxygen uptake. Methods: A transversal, correlational study was conducted in which 111 subjects (49.81 ± 11.16 years) were evaluated, their body mass index (BMI) was 31.42 ± 4.07, classified with moderate and high cardiovascular risk, according to the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Its peak oxygen uptake was measured directly and also through the Step Test 3x1 (ST3x1). Results: Peak oxygen uptake in ST3x1 corresponded to 28.54 ml•kg-1•min-1 and direct measurement at 28.14 ml•kg-1•min-1, with a “strong positive” Pearson correlation r = 0.81, Student n/s p = 0.14 Conclusion: ST3x1 is a valid alternative to estimate peak oxygen uptake in the group studied, and can be used in mass public health physical activity programs

Physical Activity in Natural Environments Is Associated With Motivational Climate and the Prevention of Harmful Habits: Structural Equation Analysis

Background: Practicing physical activity in a natural environment has various benefits that make it an ideal setting to develop healthy behaviors and thereby diminish unhealthy habits. The objective of this study was to develop and verify an explicative model for motivational climate in sport, considering its potential influence on alcohol and tobacco consumption. Methods: The study included 2273 adolescents from Granada (Spain), analyzing motivational climate (PMCSQ-2), alcohol consumption (AUDIT) and tobacco consumption (FTND). Multi-group structural equation modeling was conducted, yielding an excellent fit (χ2 = 168.170; gl = 32; p = 0.00; CFI = 0.972; NFI = 0.966; IFI = 0.972; RMSEA = 0.045). Results: The main findings were: a negative relationship between task climate and alcohol consumption among students practicing physical activities in a natural environment; a positive relationship between ego climate and alcohol consumption among those practicing other types of physical activity; and a positive and direct relationship between alcohol and tobacco consumption, which was stronger among those who did not practice physical activity in a natural environment. Conclusion: We conclude that physical-sport activity practiced in nature is a key to acquiring healthy patterns characterized by intrinsic motivations in sport and lower consumption of harmful substances

Maximum oxygen consumption and muscle efficiency in non-professional youth and professional adultsoccer players

El fútbol ha sido descrito como un deporte de esfuerzos máximos y/o casi máximos,superpuestos sobre una base de ejercicios de baja o moderada intensidad. La evidencia disponible sugiere que los futbolistas masculinos adultos cubren distancias aproximadas de 10 a 12 km durante un partido y 8,1 km en los jugadores Juveniles.El objetivo del estudio es comparar los parámetros de potencia aeróbica máxima de futbolistas profesionales yjugadores juveniles.Se realizóun estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, participaron 52 futbolistas adultos y 57 futbolistas juveniles. Los resultados informaron que el VO2máximoabsoluto no presenta diferencia significativa entre adultos vs juveniles; El VO2máximo relativo en ml/kg-min presenta diferencia significativa en favor de los Juveniles; La velocidad aeróbicamáxima en Km/h presenta diferencia significativa en favor de los adultos y la eficiencia muscular en porcentaje presenta diferencia significativa en favor de los adultos. En conclusión,los futbolistas profesionales adultos presentan un VO2máximoabsoluto similar a futbolistas juveniles; el consumo de oxígeno relativo es mayor en los futbolistas jóvenes; pero la velocidad aeróbica máxima y la eficiencia muscular vuelve a ser mayor en futbolistas adultos.Soccer has been described as a maximal and/or near-maximal effort sport, layered on a low to moderate intensity exercise base. The available evidence suggests that adult male soccer players cover approximate distances of 10 to 12 km during a match and 8.1 km for youth players. The objective of the study is to compare the maximum aerobic power parameters of professional soccer players and youth players. A cross-sectional correlational descriptive study was carried out, 52 adult soccer players and 57 youth soccer players participated. The results reported that the absolute maximum VO2 does not present a significant difference between adults vs juveniles; The relative maximum VO2 in ml/kg-min presents a significant difference in favor of the Juveniles; The maximum aerobic speed in km/h presents a significant difference in favor of the adults and the muscular efficiency in percentage presents a significant difference in favor of the adults. In conclusion, adult professional soccer players have an absolute maximumVO2 similar to youth soccer players; relative oxygen consumption is higher n young soccer players; but the maximum aerobic speed and muscular efficiency are once again higher in adult soccer players

Mediterranean diet adherence is associated with lifestyle, physical fitness, and mental wellness among 10-y-olds in Chile

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) within a population of children from Santiago, Chile. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between MD adherence, body composition, physical fitness, self-esteem, and other lifestyle factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of a sample of children (N = 515; 10.6 +/- 0.5 y) was conducted. Weight, body mass index, skinfolds, and waist circumference were measured. Physical fitness was determined using aspects of the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity health fitness test battery for children. Adherence to the MD was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents questionnaire. Self-esteem was evaluated using the Rosenberg scale and the Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire measured self-concept. Participants completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and also were asked to report the number of hours per day they spent watching various screen-based devices. Results: All findings were significant at the level P < 0.001. Adherence to an MD was consistently and negatively associated with percentage body fat (r = -0.302) and subscapular skinfold thickness (r = -0.329). Positive associations were found with PAQ-C (r = 0.277), self-esteem (r = 0.301) and self-concept (r = 0.234), and for physical fitness, especially for explosive power of the legs (r = 0.355). Positive correlations with handgrip strength were found in boys (r = 0323), whereas negative correlations with screen time were found in girls (r = -0.511). Conclusion: Given its relation to a healthier body composition, physical fitness, healthier lifestyle behaviors, and mental wellness, the MD should be promoted amongst youngsters. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Consumo máximo de oxígeno y eficiencia muscular en futbolistas juveniles no profesionales y adultos profesionales

Soccer has been described as a maximal and/or near-maximal effort sport, layered on a low to moderate intensity exercise base. The available evidence suggests that adult male soccer players cover approximate distances of 10 to 12 km during a match and 8.1 km for youth players. The objective of the study is to compare the maximum aerobic power parameters of professional soccer players and youth players. A cross-sectional correlational descriptive study was carried out, 52 adult soccer players and 57 youth soccer players participated. The results reported that the absolute maximum VO2 does not present a significant difference between adults vs juveniles; The relative maximum VO2 in ml/kg-min presents a significant difference in favor of the Juveniles; The maximum aerobic speed in km/h presents a significant difference in favor of the adults and the muscular efficiency in percentage presents a significant difference in favor of the adults. In conclusion, adult professional soccer players have an absolute maximum VO2 similar to youth soccer players; relative oxygen consumption is higher in young soccer players; but the maximum aerobic speed and muscular efficiency are once again higher in adult soccer players.El fútbol ha sido descrito como un deporte de esfuerzos máximos y/o casi máximos, superpuestos sobre una base de ejercicios de baja o moderada intensidad. La evidencia disponible sugiere que los futbolistas masculinos adultos cubren distancias aproximadas de 10 a 12 km durante un partido y 8,1 km en los jugadores Juveniles. El objetivo del estudio es comparar los parámetros de potencia aeróbica máxima de futbolistas profesionales y jugadores juveniles. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, participaron 52 futbolistas adultos y 57 futbolistas juveniles. Los resultados informaron que el VO2 máximo absoluto no presenta diferencia significativa entre adultos vs juveniles; El VO2 máximo relativo en ml/kg-min presenta diferencia significativa en favor de los Juveniles; La velocidad aeróbica máxima en Km/h presenta diferencia significativa en favor de los adultos y la eficiencia muscular en porcentaje presenta diferencia significativa en favor de los adultos.&nbsp; En conclusión, los futbolistas profesionales adultos presentan un VO2 máximo absoluto similar a futbolistas juveniles; el consumo de oxígeno relativo es mayor en los futbolistas jóvenes; pero la velocidad aeróbica máxima y la eficiencia muscular vuelve a ser mayor en futbolistas adultos

High intensity aerobic interval training: history and clinical exercise physiology

The epidemiological transition observed in recent decades has led to a continuous increase in chronic non communicable&nbsp;diseases, phenomenon associated with the lifestyle of the population, the dietary pattern and physical inactivity, which predisposes to obesity and insulin resistance, conditioning cardiometabolic disease such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, allowing the development of metabolic syndrome. The treatment consists of pharmacological management, improving dietary habits and the incorporation of physical activity into the daily routine. Traditionally&nbsp;exercise programs are oriented to aerobic methods for improving altered parameters. New intervention strategies such as high-intensity interval training have been developed, which has evolved as a model of effective action, with a real&nbsp;positive impact on the health status of the population. The objective of this review is to provide a historical and updated look of high-intensity interval exercise, its impact on the population and physiological adaptations that support its use as a therapeutic tool.La transición epidemiológica observada en las últimas décadas ha implicado un aumento creciente de enfermedades crónicas, fenómeno asociados con el estilo de vida de la población, al modelo alimentario y al sedentarismo, lo que predispone a la obesidad y a la resistencia a la insulina, condicionando patologías cardio metabólicas como la hipertensión arterial y la dislipidemia, favoreciendo el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico. El tratamiento consiste en el manejo farmacológico, mejoras en los hábitos alimentarios y la incorporación de la actividad física a la rutina diaria. Tradicionalmente los programas de ejercicio están orientados a un método aeróbico para mejorar los parámetros alterados. Sin embargo, actualmente han surgido nuevas estrategias de intervención como el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, que ha evolucionado como un modelo de intervención eicaz, con real impacto en el estado de salud de la población. El objetivo de esta revisión es entregar una mirada histórica y actualizada del ejercicio interválico de alta intensidad, de su impacto en la población y de las adaptaciones isiológicas que respaldan su uso como herramienta terapéutica

High intensity aerobic interval training: history and clinical exercise physiology

The epidemiological transition observed in recent decades has led to a continuous increase in chronic non communicable&nbsp;diseases, phenomenon associated with the lifestyle of the population, the dietary pattern and physical inactivity, which predisposes to obesity and insulin resistance, conditioning cardiometabolic disease such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, allowing the development of metabolic syndrome. The treatment consists of pharmacological management, improving dietary habits and the incorporation of physical activity into the daily routine. Traditionally&nbsp;exercise programs are oriented to aerobic methods for improving altered parameters. New intervention strategies such as high-intensity interval training have been developed, which has evolved as a model of effective action, with a real&nbsp;positive impact on the health status of the population. The objective of this review is to provide a historical and updated look of high-intensity interval exercise, its impact on the population and physiological adaptations that support its use as a therapeutic tool.La transición epidemiológica observada en las últimas décadas ha implicado un aumento creciente de enfermedades crónicas, fenómeno asociados con el estilo de vida de la población, al modelo alimentario y al sedentarismo, lo que predispone a la obesidad y a la resistencia a la insulina, condicionando patologías cardio metabólicas como la hipertensión arterial y la dislipidemia, favoreciendo el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico. El tratamiento consiste en el manejo farmacológico, mejoras en los hábitos alimentarios y la incorporación de la actividad física a la rutina diaria. Tradicionalmente los programas de ejercicio están orientados a un método aeróbico para mejorar los parámetros alterados. Sin embargo, actualmente han surgido nuevas estrategias de intervención como el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, que ha evolucionado como un modelo de intervención eicaz, con real impacto en el estado de salud de la población. El objetivo de esta revisión es entregar una mirada histórica y actualizada del ejercicio interválico de alta intensidad, de su impacto en la población y de las adaptaciones isiológicas que respaldan su uso como herramienta terapéutica

Socio-Demographic Correlates of Total and Domain-Dpecific Sedentary Behavior in Latin American: A Population-Based Study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify socio-demographic correlates of total and domain-specific sedentary behavior (SB). Methods: Cross-sectional findings are based on 9218 participants (15–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Data were collected between September 2014 and February 2015. Participants reported time spent in SB across specific domains. Sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic (SEL), and education level were used as sociodemographic indicators. Results: Participants spent a total of 373.3 min/day engaged in total SB. Men, younger adults, other ethnicities, higher SEL and educational level presented higher total SB when compared with women, older adults, white/Caucasian, and low SEL and educational level. Men spent more time on the playing videogames (b: 32.8: 95% CI: 14.6;51.1) and riding in an automobile (40.5: 31.3; 49.8). Computer time, reading, socializing or listening to music was higher in younger participants (<30 years) compared with those ≥50 years in the total sample. Compared to the low SEL and educational level groups, middle (11.7: 5.7; 17.6) and higher (15.1: 5.3; 24.9) SEL groups as well as middle (9.8: 3.6; 15.9) and higher (16.6: 6.5; 26.8) education level groups reported more time spent reading. Conclusion: Socio-demographic characteristics are associated with SB patterns (total and specific) across Latin American countries.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosFerrero///ItaliaInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela//UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú///PerúSão Paulo Research Foundation/[2019/24124-7]/FAPESP/BrazilHospital Infantil Sabará///BrasilUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Association between perceived neighborhood built environment and walking and cycling for transport among inhabitants from Latin America : the ELANS study

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Purpose: This study aimed to examine the associations of the perceived neighborhood built environment with walking and cycling for transport in inhabitants from Latin American countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 9218 participants (15–65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, which included a nationally representative sample of eight countries. All participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form for measure walking and cycling for transport and the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated. Furthermore, perceived proximity from home to public open spaces and shopping centers was assessed. Results: Perceived land use mix-access (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.16,1.50) and the existence of many alternative routes in the neighbourhood (1.09 1.01,1.17) were associated with higher odds of reporting any walking for transport (≥10 min/week). Perceived slow speed of traffic (1.88 1.82,1.93) and few drivers exceeding the speed limits (1.92; 1.86,1.98) were also related to higher odds of reporting any walking for transport. The odds of reporting any cycling for transport (≥10 min/week) were higher in participants perceiving more walking/cycling facilities (1.87 1.76,1.99), and better aesthetics (1.22 1.09,1.38). Conclusions: Dissimilar perceived neighborhood built environment characteristics were associated with walking and cycling for transport among inhabitants from Latin America.Fieldwork and data analysis compromised in ELANS protocol was supported by a scientific grant from the Coca Cola Company, and by grant and/or support from Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil Sabara, International Life Science Institute of Argentina, Universidad de Costa Rica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and Instituto de Investigación Nutricional de Peru. André Werneck is supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) with a PhD scholarship (FAPESP process: 2019/24124-7). This paper presents independent research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the acknowledged institutions. The funding sponsors had no role in study design; the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sub Maximal Ergospirometry Parameters in Untrained Non-Frail Octogenarian Subjects

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age, and in octogenarian elderly, a cardiorespiratory test with gas analysis is more effective in determining the risk of mortality than applying the conventional risk factors. Materials and Methods: 25 untrained non-frail octogenarian subjects (four men) performed a submaximal test with gas analysis, which was stopped after the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) was reached. The variables analyzed were oxygen consumption at the first threshold (VO2 VT1); ventilatory class (VE/VCO2); oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES); cardiorespiratory optimal point (COP); oxygen pulse difference between VT2 and VT1 (diff. VO2/HR VT2-VT1). Results: the variables were classified categorically based on cut-off points present in the literature, where the variable with the highest percentage of altered cases was dif. VO2/HR VT2-VT1 at 48%; followed by VO2 VT1 at 40%, OUES at 36%, COP at 32%, and VE/VCO2 at 24%. Chi-square analysis between the measured parameters defined that normal and altered variables were related to each other, except for the variable VE/VCO2 and OUES. Conclusions: it was found that the main altered variable was the oxygen pulse and the least altered variable was VCO2/VCO2; there was only a statistically significant difference in a pair of OUES vs. VE/VCO2 variables