Mapping community space and place in Mto wa Mbu, Tanzania through surveys and GIS

Cities throughout the African continent have been developing at an unprecedented pace, many of them due to the influence of the tourism industry. This is particularly true in Tanzania, a country famous for its national parks and their draw to tourists who help provide money for development. However, the only way to get the whole story on how to spend this money is through the experiences and needs of the people themselves. This study focuses on a small town in northeastern Tanzania, Mto wa Mbu, situated near Lake Manyara National Park, and its people’s perceptions of the park and community. I conducted 72 semi-structured, opportunistic interviews with residents of varying demographic backgrounds. Agriculture, tourism, and the environment were the most important community features (not the park). Over half of participants thought the park was within the community, and 25% perceived it as separated. There was an overwhelming need for better hospitals, schools, and interior roads. In response to the need for interior infrastructure, which residents depend on but much of which is impassable in the wet season, a map of improvement priorities was generated using GPS and GIS. Ultimately, the results of the study should assist the community of Mto wa Mbu – its leaders, its people, and its park – in future land use and urban planning by demonstrating the importance of listening to the voices of the people. Furthermore, the study aims to catalyze the improvement of infrastructure essential to the livelihoods of residents. The results show the steps that need to be taken and provide recommendations for how people, the government, and the national park can work together effectively to bridge the wide gap that currently exists between these actors for the ultimate benefit of all of them

A Legacy Cut Short The Impact of Pepperdine University on African Americans and South Los Angeles from 1937 – 1981

Due to the California gold rush in the 1800s, White Southerners seeking quick wealth flocked to the “free-state” of California. These new settlers included enslaved Africans, religion, and Southern attitudes that set the foundation for California to be a Southern-attitude state, which eventually attracted generations of free African Americans and a large White Southern population. White Southerners shaped California through passing discriminatory housing, education, banking, and employment policies against African Americans with the intention of marginalizing African Americans\u27 existence and limiting their economic opportunity. The Church of Christ was largely a Southern and Midwestern religion that was one of the last church denominations and its educational institutions to integrate. Pepperdine University was founded in 1937 in South Los Angeles, becoming the only Church of Christ educational institution to be integrated, which attracted African Americans from around the country seeking to have a Church of Christ religious education. Therefore, Pepperdine became an integral part of the Black Church of Christ. This dissertation provides a historical analysis of the intersection of race, location, and faith as Pepperdine University is forced to confront race during the university’s two-campus model from 1972 - 1981 that led to the final demise of the LA Campus

Applications of Soil Science in Forest Landscape Planning : Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st Century

Soils and other resource programs in both public land management agencies and private industry are continually being adapted to the challenges of evolving knowledge and experience in the field of forestry. This dissertation explores new ways of thinking about and using soils information in forest planning and management, with a focus on Pacific Northwest lands. At the core of this work are the concepts of soil quality, in particular, the applications of inherent and dynamic soil quality. These soil quality concepts can be used as both a planning tool to improve our understanding and assessment of land-use decisions and as an assessment tool to evaluate the sustainability of different management practices. The result is two very different types of soil interpretations based on inherent and dynamic soil quality concepts which are applied at different times and for different purposes during forest planning and management. Forest planning soil interpretations that are based upon inherent soil quality are used primarily to make land use allocations and related decisions. These interpretations are applied up-front in the forest planning process and are based on the fact that different soils vary widely in their inherent capacity to perform various ecological and utilitarian functions. By both recognizing different soil types in the local landscape and understanding how those various soils naturally function, managers can use inherent soil interpretations to better match land management objectives to soil types that have a high capacity to meet those objectives. Matching soil potentials to the appropriate land management actions in this manner helps to assure management actions will be both attainable and sustainable over the long term. Soil interpretations that are based upon dynamic soil quality differ from those based upon inherent soil quality in that dynamic soil interpretations are primarily used to assess the sustainability of management practices. These interpretations identify different soils' resistance and resilience to disturbances and use soil-based indicators of key soil functions to make assessments of the effects of different disturbances. A conceptual "forest planning and management model" is presented that illustrates applications of these soil quality concepts in the forest planning process. Concepts and practical applications of the conceptual model are illustrated in current forest level planning projects within the US Forest Service (FS) Region 6. Soil disturbance monitoring was also conducted in recently managed areas and used to both provide a practical procedure for monitoring soil porosity changes and to present a case for updating current directives and guidelines for FS Region 6 Soil Quality Standards. It is my hope that this work will be of value to both soil scientists and other forest resource specialists and managers. Perhaps one of the more significant contributions that may come of this work is that it may help soil scientists and others to be inspired through a better understanding of the "value added" when soils information is considered in new and effective ways. It is also my hope that this work provides some of the practical ideas and tools necessary to take advantage of opportunities to apply knowledge of the soil resource in future forest planning and management

Soil Matters: Improving Forest Landscape Planning and Management for Diverse Objectives with Soils Information and Expertise

Most forest managers would agree that soils are a fundamental resource of forestlands, yet many planning and management decisions continue to be made without a detailed and spatially explicit understanding of this unique and vital resource. We discuss the value of soil data and interpretations in forest planning. We emphasize that soil types differ widely in their inherent capacity to perform various ecological functions as well as in their dynamic response to and recovery from disturbances—concepts that can greatly enhance the quality of forest management decisions. We make a case for applying these concepts by introducing an adaptive management model that targets the use of soil information during forest planning and management. Our goal is to help bridge the gap between soil science and decisionmaking by helping forest managers better understand the value of soil information in project planning. A case study highlights applications and potential benefits.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society of American Foresters and can be found at: http://www.safnet.org/publications/jof/index.cfm/Keywords: landscape planning, case study, project planning, soil quality, multiple uses and valuesKeywords: landscape planning, case study, project planning, soil quality, multiple uses and value

Strengthening Biblical Historicity vis-a`-vis Minimalism, 1992–2008 and Beyond. Part 2.3: Some Commonalities in Approaches to Writing Ancient Israel’s History

This series of articles covers scholarly works in English which can, at least potentially, be associated with a generally positive view of biblical historicity regarding periods preceding the Israelites’ return from exile. Part 2 covers works that treat the methodological issues at the center of the maximalist–minimalist debate. Parts 2.1 and 2.2 selectively survey the works of 24 non-minimalist scholars during two decades. In the absence of consensus, this article analyzes the works in Parts 2.1 and 2.2, tracing elements of approach that are held in common, at least among pluralities of non-minimalists (possible majorities are not noted). The first commonality of approach is that history is provisional, not final. The second is that history should become fully multidisciplinary. The third commonality is that historians should receive all historical evidence on an equal footing before examination and cross-examination. The fourth and last is that historians should become increasingly sensitive to cultural aspects and coding in ancient Near Eastern materials

Provenance of Cretaceous through Eocene strata of the Four Corners region: Insights from detrital zircons in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado

Cretaceous through Eocene strata of the Four Corners region provide an excellent record of changes in sediment provenance from Sevier thin-skinned thrusting through the formation of Laramide block uplifts and intra-foreland basins. During the ca. 125–50 Ma timespan, the San Juan Basin was flanked by the Sevier thrust belt to the west, the Mogollon highlands rift shoulder to the southwest, and was influenced by (ca. 75–50 Ma) Laramide tectonism, ultimately preserving a >6000 ft (>2000 m) sequence of continental, marginal-marine, and offshore marine sediments. In order to decipher the influences of these tectonic features on sediment delivery to the area, we evaluated 3228 U-Pb laser analyses from 32 detrital-zircon samples from across the entire San Juan Basin, of which 1520 analyses from 16 samples are newly reported herein. The detrital-zircon results indicate four stratigraphic intervals with internally consistent age peaks: (1) Lower Cretaceous Burro Canyon Formation, (2) Turonian (93.9–89.8 Ma) Gallup Sandstone through Campanian (83.6–72.1 Ma) Lewis Shale, (3) Campanian Pictured Cliffs Sandstone through Campanian Fruitland Formation, and (4) Campanian Kirtland Sandstone through Lower Eocene (56.0–47.8 Ma) San Jose Formation. Statistical analysis of the detrital-zircon results, in conjunction with paleocurrent data, reveals three distinct changes in sediment provenance. The first transition, between the Burro Canyon Formation and the Gallup Sandstone, reflects a change from predominantly reworked sediment from the Sevier thrust front, including uplifted Paleozoic sediments and Mesozoic eolian sandstones, to a mixed signature indicating both Sevier and Mogollon derivation. Deposition of the Pictured Cliffs Sandstone at ca. 75 Ma marks the beginning of the second transition and is indicated by the spate of near-depositional-age zircons, likely derived from the Laramide porphyry copper province of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Paleoflow indicators suggest the third change in provenance was complete by 65 Ma as recorded by the deposition of the Paleocene Ojo Alamo Sandstone. However, our new U-Pb detrital-zircon results indicate this transition initiated ∼8 m.y. earlier during deposition of the Campanian Kirtland Formation beginning ca. 73 Ma. This final change in provenance is interpreted to reflect the unroofing of surrounding Laramide basement blocks and a switch to local derivation. At this time, sediment entering the San Juan Basin was largely being generated from the nearby San Juan Mountains to the north-northwest, including uplift associated with early phases of Colorado mineral belt magmatism. Thus, the detrital-zircon spectra in the San Juan Basin document the transition from initial reworking of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic cratonal blanket to unroofing of distant basement-cored uplifts and Laramide plutonic rocks, then to more local Laramide uplifts.National Science Foundation (NSF grant EAR-1649254

Summary of Selected U.S. Geological Survey Water-resources Activities in Georgia

Proceedings of the 2001 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 26 and 27, 2001, Athens, Georgia.The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the Nation's largest natural sciences and civilian mapping agency and provides reliable and impartial scientific information to natural-resource managers, planners, the public, and other customers and stakeholders throughout the Nation. This information contributes to sound conservation and management of natural resources; enhances the quality of life by monitoring water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and minimizes losses from numerous natural hazards. The USGS disseminates results of data-collection programs and technical investigations in a wide variety of formats—including numerous scientific reports, maps, various databases, CD-ROMs, World Wide Web sites, and other products. USGS water-resources activities in Georgia are conducted in cooperation with numerous local, State, and Federal agencies. Cooperating agencies include, but are not limited to, the City of Brunswick and Glynn County; Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission; City of Lawrenceville; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Georgia Department of Agriculture; University System of Georgia; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and National Park Service. In, addition, some projects are funded through direct Congressional appropriation of Federal funds.Sponsored and Organized by: U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Natural Resources Conservation Service, The University of Georgia, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyThis book was published by the Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2202. The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of The University of Georgia, the U.S. Geological Survey, the Georgia Water Research Institute as authorized by the Water Resources Research Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-397) or the other conference sponsors

Summary of Selected U.S. Geological Survey Programs in Georgia, with Emphasis on Water Resources Investigations

Proceedings of the 1999 Georgia Water Resources Conference, March 30 and 31, Athens, Georgia.The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the Nation's largest natural sciences and civilian mapping agency and provides reliable and impartial scientific information to natural-resource managers, planners, the public, and other customers and stakeholders throughout the Nation. This information contributes to sound conservation and management of natural resources; enhances the quality of life by monitoring water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and minimizes losses from numerous natural hazards. USGS disseminates results of data-collection programs and technical investigations in a wide variety of formats-including numerous scientific reports, maps, various databases, CDROMs, and other products. USGS data-collection activities and technical investigations in Georgia are conducted in cooperation with numerous local, State, and Federal agencies. Cooperating agencies include the City of Brunswick and Glynn County; Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission; City of Lawrenceville; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; University System of Georgia; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and National Park Service. In addition, some projects are funded through direct Congressional appropriation of Federal funds.Sponsored and Organized by: U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, The University of Georgia, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyThis book was published by the Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2202 with partial funding provided by the U.S. Department of Interior, geological Survey, through the Georgia Water Research Insttitute as authorized by the Water Research Institutes Authorization Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-397). The views and statements advanced in this publication are solely those of the authors and do not represent official views or policies of the University of Georgia or the U.S. Geological Survey or the conference sponsors