Physiological parameters and evaluation of the upper and lower respiratory airways in french standardbred trotters during a standardised exercise on a treadmill

Cette étude a été réalisée chez 115 chevaux âgés de deux à neuf ans, prêts à courir ou participant à des courses. Les animaux étaient divisés en deux groupes : 23 chevaux obtenant de bons résultats en course et constituant le groupe témoin, et 92 chevaux n'obtenant pas de bons résultats. L'exercice standardisé comprenait dix minutes d'échauffement au petit trot, puis trois paliers d'exercice de trois minutes chacun. Après les trois paliers, le cheval était arrêté une minute, l'endoscope était mis en place, et un quatrième palier était effectué à vitesse maximale. La fréquence cardiaque (FC) était mesurée en continu pendant le test et un échantillon de sang était prélevé par un cathéter placé dans l'artère faciale transverse pendant les dix dernières secondes de chaque palier. Une heure après l'exercice, un lavage broncho-alvéolaire (LBA) était effectué. Les résultats concernant la FC, la lactatémie et la PaO2 suggèrent qu'il existe une différence significative dans la réponse métabolique à l'exercice entre les chevaux contre-performants et les chevaux du groupe témoin. L'endoscopie à l'exercice et le LBA ont permis de répartir les chevaux contre-performants en quatre groupes selon la localisation des affections: affections des voies respiratoires supérieures (VRS), affections des voies respiratoires profondes (VRP), affections des VRS et des VRP, et autres affections. Ces examens ont aussi permis d'évaluer la réponse métabolique à l'exercice dans les différentes situations. La réalisation d'un LBA après exercice peut fournir des informations importantes et ce, même chez des chevaux présentant une affection évidente des voies respiratoires supérieures.This study was carried out in 115 horses between 2 and 9 years old, ready to race or actively racing. The animals were divided into two groups: 23 horses with good racing results representing the control group, and 92 horses with poor racing results. The standardised exercise test started with a 10 min warm-up at a slow trot, followed by 3 periods of exercise of 3 min each. After the three periods, the horse was stopped on the treadmill for 1 min, the endoscope was inserted, and the horse performed a fourth period at maximal speed. The heart rate (HR) was measured throughout the test and blood was collected via a catheter inserted in the transverse facial artery during the last 10 seconds of each period. One hour after the exercise, a broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. The results of this study (HR, blood lactate, PaO2) suggest that there is a significant difference in the metabolic response to exercise between poor performers and good performers. The results of the endoscopy during exercise and post-exercise BAL were used to divide poor performers into 4 groups, based on the localisation of the problem : upper respiratory airway (URA) disease, lower respiratory airway (LRA) disease, URA and LRA disease, and other diseases. These tests were also used to evaluate the metabolic response to exercise in the different situations. Post-exercise BAL may provide important information, even in horses with evidence of upper respiratory disease

Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C Prevails Among Chronic Carriers of the Virus in Korea

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causative agents of chronic liver diseases in Korea. HBV has been classified into 8 genotypes by a divergence of >8% in the entire genomic sequence, and have distinct geographic distributions. There are limited data on the relevance between HBV genotypes and clinical outcomes in Korea. To investigate the clinical feature relating to HBV genotype in Korea, a total 120 serum samples with HBsAg (65 from Seoul and 55 from the other city in Korea) were obtained from each 30 chronic HBV carriers with asymptomatic carrier (ASC), chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV genotype was determined by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies against genotype-specific epitopes in the preS2-region or the direct sequencing of small S gene. HBV genotypes were determined in 105 (87.5%) of 120 samples. HBV genotype C was identified in all HBV carriers with ASC, CH, LC, and HCC. Genotypes A, B, D, E, F and G were not detected in any of them. Genotype C HBV prevails predominantly among chronic carriers of the virus in Korea, irrespective of their clinical stages of liver disease and geographic origin

Molecular epidemiology of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Eight genotypes of Hepatitis B virus designated A-H, have been known but in Pakistan, no such data is available on the prevalent HBV genotypes. Therefore, the subject study was conducted to determine HBV genotypes in the indigenous Pakistani population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 690 individuals were enrolled for HBV screening with EIA and nested PCR. Positive samples were further analyzed to determine HBV genotypes (A-F) by multiplex-PCR using type specific primers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>110 (15.94%) individuals were positive for HBV, including 64% males and 36% females. Out of these, 66 samples (65.34%) were classified into genotype D, 27 (26.73%) were of genotype B while 5(4.95%) had genotype A. In 3 (2.98%) samples, multiple genotypes were detected (genotype A+B; 2(1.99%) and genotypes B+D; 1(0.99%). Nine (8.18%) samples remained untyable.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In Asia, genotypes B and C are the most prevalent but our study reveals that genotype D is predominant and HBV infection constitutes a significant health problem in Pakistan.</p

Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34786/1/510350532_ftp.pd

"Equine Asthma” – integrative biologic relevance of a recently proposed nomenclature

International audienc

Radiographie de la tête chez le cheval (images normales et anormales)

La tête du cheval est une région anatomique complexe associée à de nombreuses entités pathologiques. La radiographie permet d en diagnostiquer une grande majorité et doit donc faire partie intégrante de l arsenal diagnostique de tout vétérinaire équin. Cependant, son interprétation, parfois délicate, réclame une méthode rigoureuse et des connaissances, tant anatomiques que radiographiques, indispensables qui sont apportées dans ce CD-Rom.NANTES-Ecole Nat.Vétérinaire (441092302) / SudocTOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF