Accompagnement Psychologique des Meres Victimes de Deces Perinatal par le Personeerl Soignant: Cas du Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) de Yamoussoukro

La perte d'un bébé pendant la période périnatale entraîne un vrai processus de deuil pour les mères puisqu’elles établissent un lien d'attachement avec leur bébé avant la naissance. Si les proches et le milieu social des endeuillées sous-estiment ce type de deuil particulier et son impact potentiel, cela ne devrait pas être le cas du personnel soignant. Et pourtant, dans les maternités africaines, il y a très peu d’accompagnement psychologique des mères victimes de décès périnatal. Le deuil périnatal mérite d’être analysé dans toute sa complexité. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer l’importance de l’accompagnement psychologique des mères victimes de décès périnatal dans la prévention des répercussions négatives sur la santé psychique des mères. Des données quantitatives et qualitatives sont recueillies sur un échantillon de 55 mères sélectionnées grâce à une stratégie d'échantillonnage non probabiliste par choix raisonné. Les données quantitatives sont traitées avec le logiciel SPSS 20. Le traitement du texte ainsi que les tableaux et les graphiques ont été réalisés avec les logiciels Word 2016 et Excel 2016. Les résultats indiquent d’une part, que l’accompagnement psychologique fait par le personnel soignant réduit les effets néfastes du deuil périnatal chez les mères et d’autre part, la nécessité de la mise en place d’un protocole d’accompagnement des couples dans les structures sanitaires. Losing a baby during the perinatal period is a real grieving process for mothers as they bond with their baby before birth. While loved ones and the social environment of the bereaved underestimate this particular type of bereavement and its potential impact, this should not be the case with caregivers. And yet, in African maternity hospitals, there is very little psychological support for mothers who are victims of perinatal death. Perinatal bereavement deserves to be analyzed in all its complexity. The objective of this study is to show the importance of psychological support for mothers who are victims of perinatal death in preventing negative repercussions on the mental health of mothers. Quantitative and qualitative data are collected on a sample of 55 mothers selected using a non-probability, reasoned choice sampling strategy. The quantitative data is processed with the SPSS 20 software. The word processing as well as the tables and graphics were carried out with the Word 2016 and Excel 2016 software. The results indicate, on the one hand, that the psychological support provided by the nursing staff reduces the harmful effects of perinatal bereavement on mothers and, on the other hand, the need for the establishment of a support protocol for couples. in health structures

Accompagnement Psychologique des Meres Victimes de Deces Perinatal par le Personeerl Soignant: Cas du Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) de Yamoussoukro

La perte d'un bébé pendant la période périnatale entraîne un vrai processus de deuil pour les mères puisqu’elles établissent un lien d'attachement avec leur bébé avant la naissance. Si les proches et le milieu social des endeuillées sous-estiment ce type de deuil particulier et son impact potentiel, cela ne devrait pas être le cas du personnel soignant. Et pourtant, dans les maternités africaines, il y a très peu d’accompagnement psychologique des mères victimes de décès périnatal. Le deuil périnatal mérite d’être analysé dans toute sa complexité. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer l’importance de l’accompagnement psychologique des mères victimes de décès périnatal dans la prévention des répercussions négatives sur la santé psychique des mères. Des données quantitatives et qualitatives sont recueillies sur un échantillon de 55 mères sélectionnées grâce à une stratégie d'échantillonnage non probabiliste par choix raisonné. Les données quantitatives sont traitées avec le logiciel SPSS 20. Le traitement du texte ainsi que les tableaux et les graphiques ont été réalisés avec les logiciels Word 2016 et Excel 2016. Les résultats indiquent d’une part, que l’accompagnement psychologique fait par le personnel soignant réduit les effets néfastes du deuil périnatal chez les mères et d’autre part, la nécessité de la mise en place d’un protocole d’accompagnement des couples dans les structures sanitaires. Losing a baby during the perinatal period is a real grieving process for mothers as they bond with their baby before birth. While loved ones and the social environment of the bereaved underestimate this particular type of bereavement and its potential impact, this should not be the case with caregivers. And yet, in African maternity hospitals, there is very little psychological support for mothers who are victims of perinatal death. Perinatal bereavement deserves to be analyzed in all its complexity. The objective of this study is to show the importance of psychological support for mothers who are victims of perinatal death in preventing negative repercussions on the mental health of mothers. Quantitative and qualitative data are collected on a sample of 55 mothers selected using a non-probability, reasoned choice sampling strategy. The quantitative data is processed with the SPSS 20 software. The word processing as well as the tables and graphics were carried out with the Word 2016 and Excel 2016 software. The results indicate, on the one hand, that the psychological support provided by the nursing staff reduces the harmful effects of perinatal bereavement on mothers and, on the other hand, the need for the establishment of a support protocol for couples. in health structures

Muscular variations in the gluteal region, the posterior compartment of the thigh and the Popliteal fossa: Report of 4 cases

During a study of the sciatic nerve by anatomical dissection in the anatomy laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS) of Bamako, 4 cases of muscle variations were observed in three male cadavers. The first case was the presence of an accessory femoral biceps muscle that originated on the fascia that covered the short head of the femoral biceps and ended on the head of the fibula joining the common tendon formed by the long and short head of the femoral biceps. The second case was the presence of an aberrant digastric muscle in the gluteal region and in the posterior compartment of the thigh. He had two bellies; the upper belly, considered as a piriform muscle accessory; the lower belly, considered a third head of the biceps femoral muscle; these two bellies were connected by a long tendon. The other two cases were the presence of third head of the gastrocnemius. These two cases were seen bilaterally in a cadaver. The anatomical variations of the hamstring muscles are rare and their knowledge is needed by radiologists and surgeons. The most common cause of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is the presence of a third head of the gastrocnemius muscle

Isonatraemic haemodialysis in the management of salt and water overload: a crossover trial at an academic hospital in Dakar, Senegal

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the impact of isonatraemic haemodialysis on reduction of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and blood pressure (BP) as well as its tolerability in our study population. Methods: This crossover trial, at the Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital in Senegal, was conducted on 32 patients with kidney failure who were stable on treatment with chronic haemodialysis. In the initial “control phase”, patients had nine haemodialysis sessions with a dialysate sodium (Na+) concentration (Na+ dialysate) of 138 mmol/L. The serum Na+ set point (SP) for each patient was calculated from three predialytic mid-week values. In the second phase, the “individualized phase”, patients had nine haemodialysis sessions with Na+ dialysate equal to their SP. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.5 ± 12.1 years, with a male/female ratio of 1.3 and the most common cause of kidney disease was hypertension (47%). Mean predialytic serum Na+ concentration was 135.8 ± 1.9 mmol/L, with a mean intra-individual coefficient of variation of 2%. Mean interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) was 1.9 kg and 1.8 kg in the control and individualized phases, respectively (P = 0.75). A reduction in postdialytic systolic blood pressure (BP) was observed during the individualized phase (P = 0.04). A similar trend was noted in pre- and intradialytic BP but this was not statistically significant. Apart from headaches, which were more common in the individualized phase (P = 0.04), isonatraemic haemodialysis was well tolerated. Conclusions: IDWG as well as pre- and intradialytic BP were unaffected by isonatraemic haemodialysis. Postdialytic BP was significantly reduced. Introduction: Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d’évaluer l’impact de l’hémodialyse isonatrémique sur la réduction de la prise de poids inter-dialytique (PPID) et de la pression artérielle (PA) ainsi que sa tolérance dans notre population d’étude. Méthodes: Cet essai croisé a été mené au centre hospitalier universitaire Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar (Sénégal) chez des patients hémodialysés chroniques. Durant la première phase dite « phase contrôle », les patients ont eu neuf séances d’hémodialyse avec une concentration de sodium dans le dialysat (Na+ dialysat) de 138 mmol/L. Le set-point (SP) de la natrémie a été calculé pour chaque patient et correspondait à la moyenne de 3 natrémies pré-dialytiques en milieu de semaine. Durant la deuxième phase dite « phase individualisée », les patients ont eu neuf séances d’hémodialyse avec du Na+ dialysat égal à leur SP. Résultats: Trente-deux patients ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 55,5 ± 12,1 ans avec un ratio homme/femme de 1,3 et la néphropathie initiale la plus fréquente était l’hypertensive (47%). La natrémie pré-dialytique moyenne était de 135,8 ± 1,9 mmol/L, avec un coefficient de variation intra-individuel moyen de 2 %. La PPID moyenne était de 1,9 kg et 1,8 kg dans les phases de contrôle et individualisé, respectivement (P = 0,75). Une diminution de la PA systolique post-dialytique a été observée au cours de la phase individualisée (P = 0,04). Une tendance similaire sans significativité statistique a été notée sur les PA pré- et intra-dialytiques. Hormis les céphalées, plus fréquentes pendant la phase individualisée (P = 0,04), l’hémodialyse isonatrémique a été bien tolérée. Conclusions: La PPID, les PA pré- et intra-dialytiques n’ont pas été affectées par l’hémodialyse isonatrémique. La PA post-dialytique était significativement réduite

Correction: A Seroepidemiological Study of Serogroup A Meningococcal Infection in the African Meningitis Belt.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147928.]

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Nanocomposites Carbides from Sol-Gel Precursors_Impact on the Optical Selectivity

Les carbures de métaux de transition (MC) sont des matériaux réfractaires et présentant une sélectivité optique intrinsèque qui se caractérise par une grande absorbance dans l’uv-visible tout en ayant une faible émittance dans l’infrarouge. Cette particularité leur vaut de faire l’objet de nombreuses études où ils sont envisagés comme matériau absorbeur dans les centrales solaires à concentration (CSP). Cependant, compte tenu des températures de fonctionnement de ces dispositifs (au-delà de 1000°C), les carbures de métaux de transition présentent une limitation majeure liée à leur relative tenue à l’oxydation. L’idée de la présente étude est donc d’associer ce type de matériau au carbure de silicium (SiC) qui à l’heure actuelle est utilisé comme absorbeur de ces technologies notamment du faite de sa grande réfractarité et de sa tenue à l’oxydation (jusqu’à 1400°C). La première partie de la démarche expérimentale a donc consisté en l’identification parmi une série de carbures (HfC, ZrC et TiC) celui présentant les meilleures caractéristiques en terme de sélectivité optique. Puis dans une deuxième partie, différentes voies de synthèse (colloïdale, moléculaire) mettant en œuvre des précurseurs métalliques (alcooxydes, colloïdes) et des sucres, ont été étudiées pour synthétiser des composites de type SiC-MC. L’influence des paramètres expérimentaux ainsi que de la composition ont été étudiées sur d’une part l’aptitude de chaque méthode à conduire aux phases recherchées et d’autre part sur la microstructure ainsi que leurs propriétés optiques. L’analyse de ces dernières a été effectuée d’abord sur des poudres afin de discriminer les échantillons sur la base de leur composition puis sur des pastilles qui ont été obtenues par deux procédés de frittage (HP et SPS) dont l’analyse des résultats constitue la dernière partie de l’étude.Ce travail de recherche a permis de conclure que l’association d’un carbure de métal de transition au carbure de silicium permettait d’aboutir à un composite SiC-MC présentant une certaine sélectivité spectrale et donc susceptible de jouer le rôle d’absorbeur dans les CSP.Transition metal carbides (MC) belong to the category refractory materials. They have an intrinsic optical selectivity, which is characterized by a high absorbance in the UV-visible region and a low emittance in the infrared range. This feature is at the origin of many studies on these materials where they were expected to play the role of absorber in an Concentrating Solar Power plant (CSP). However, given the operating temperatures of such devices (beyond 1000 ° C), the transition metal carbides have a major limitation related to their relatively low resistance to oxidation. The idea of this study is to associate such material to the silicon carbide (SiC), which currently is used as absorber in CSP systems due to its good thermomechanical properties and resistance to oxidation (up to 1400 ° C).Therefore, the first part of the experimental approach consisted in the identification among a series of carbides (HfC, ZrC and TiC) the one presenting the best characteristics in terms of optical selectivity. Then, in the second part of the study, many synthesis routes (molecular, semi-molecular and colloidal) implementing different metal precursors (alcooxydes and colloidal solution) and a carbon source (sugar) were studied according to their ability to conduct to SiC-MC type composites. The influence of the experimental parameters as well as the one of the chemical composition has been investigated. The aim was first to evaluate the ability of each synthesis routes to conduct to the expected phases and also their impact on the microstructure and the optical properties. These latter have been first studied on powders in order to discriminate the samples on the base of their compositions and then the analysis have been made on densified materials by HP or SPS.This research has permitted to conclude that the combination of a transition metal carbide with silicon carbide conduct to a composite MC-SiC presenting a certain spectral selectivity and that such a material could play the role of absorber in CSP system

Multi-Objective Approach: Multi-Compartment Vehicles For Pick-Up And Delivery Problem With Times Windows

In this article, we address the pickup and delivery problem goods. In this problem, goods are collected from suppliers and delivered to different customers. Very often, single compartment vehicles are used to transport these goods. As a result, there are several damages due to some products being harmful to others stored in the same compartment: incompatibility between products. It is therefore necessary to use multi-compartment vehicles to overcome the problems of product incompatibility. It is necessary to produce a service that satisfies a set of customers according to their availability, respects the constraints linked to the capacity of each vehicle compartment and each type of product, and ensures that each supplier is visited before his customer. This work is structured in two main blocks. The first block presents the modelling of the problem taking into account the minimisation of three main criteria, namely: the number of vehicles put into service, the total cost related to the vehicles and the delays on the nodesmin= (1= ;2=ΣΣΣmax (0,−) ; 3=ΣΣΣ ∈∈∈∈∈∈). The second part will be devoted to the multi-criteria solution of the pick-up and delivery problem with time windows provided by multi-compartment vehicles by the NSGA-II algorithm

From colloidal precursors to metal carbides nanocomposites MC (M=Ti, Zr, Hf and Si): Synthesis, characterization and optical spectral selectivity studies

International audienc

Mathieu Quet, Impostures pharmaceutiques. Médicaments illicites et luttes pour l’accès à la santé

Au Sud comme au Nord, la circulation de « faux » médicaments est un problème de santé publique qui préoccupe les acteurs politiques et sanitaires. Quoi de plus légitime en effet que de protéger les populations contre des produits pharmaceutiques inefficaces, de mauvaise qualité ou, pire encore, dangereux, tels que ces vaccins contre la méningite qui ont été administrés au Niger en 1995 et qui ont causé la mort de 2 500 personnes ? On ne peut a priori qu’approuver les mesures prises par les in..