Elementos escasos y mineralizaciones metálicas en neises de la provincia de Pontevedra

[Resumen] Se estudió el contenido total, y en minerales no silicatédos, de Ni, Cu, Co, 2P y Ti en doce muestras representativas de los neises existentes en la provincia de Pontevedra. Se estableció la mineralogía y composición de Ios compuestos metálicos demostrándose la existencia de minerales de Ti en todas las muestras, en la mayoría rutilo con pequeñas cantidades de Fe en solucién sólida En otras apaecren cristales de ilmenita con Mn y Mg en solucién sólida al alguna de ellas. Se ha detectado la aparición de cristales de tumalina en la nuestra de neis glandular. Se han establecido las f ómuIas mineralógicas de todas las mineralizaciones metálicas localizada

Alteración de las rocas gneisicas con riebeckita del área de Vigo

[Resumen] Se estudian los factores del medio físico, procesos de alteración y cambios químicos y mineralógicos producidos en la meteorización de un grupo de rocas gneisicas de composiciónquímica heterogénea en el área de Vigo. El proceso de alteración origina una saprolita masivade textura arenosa a areno-francosa, constituida por minerales heredados (cuarzo, feldespatos, plagioclasas, micas y anfíboles), micas degradadas y minerales neoformados (caolinita, gibbsita , goethita). El proceso de meteorización es una hidrólisis ácida con pérdida de bases y silicio y enriquecimiento relativo en aluminio. Los minerales de neoformación indican un predominio de la "monosialitización" cuando el sistema presenta drenaje ralentizado y de la "alitización")en fases incipientes de la alteración}cuando el sistema no tiene materia orgánica y el drenaje es excesivo[Abstract] It has been studied the physical environmental factors, alteration processes, and chemical and mineralogical changes produced during the gneisic rocks group from Vigo area ~eathering. ln these rocks great heterogenity in the chemical composition has been found. The weathering prevailing process in the area give rise to the formation of a saprolite with sandy to sandy-loamy textures,increasing permeability and it is composed of inherited minerals :quarz, feldspars and/or plagioclases,micas, amphiboles; neoformed materials, gibbsite,caolinite,goethite and degraded micas)the last two occasionally. The weathering process is an acid hydrolysis with desbasification and Al relative enrichment tendencies. With slow drainage systems the neoformed minerals indicate a monosiallitization predominance (formation of silicates 1:1); while 1ack i ng organ i c matter and in good dra i ned zones, the neoformed minerals indicate an incipient allititatio

Valor de la expresión del ARN mensajero de la isocitrato deshidrogenasa (IDH1) como predictor de agresividad en gliomas

Los gliomas son el tipo más común de tumor cerebral primario. En humanos, cinco genes codifican para la isocitrato deshidrogenasa: IDH1/2/3A/3B/3G. Mutaciones somáticas puntuales en el gen IDH1 son frecuentes en gliomas, la mayoría transiciones de una sola base: 395G-A y están asociadas a una mayor supervivencia de esos pacientes con glioma cuando los comparamos con aquellos que no tienen la mutación. Entre las consecuencias funcionales de la mutación de la IDH1, estudios demuestran un fuerte descenso en la producción de NADPH reducido dependiente de isocitrato en las células. Investigamos la expresión del ARNm del IDH1 y la presencia o ausencia de la mutación G395A en una serie de gliomas. En particular, estudiamos 38 casos de gliomas y 7 metástasis analizando el centro y la periferia de muestras en fresco y resección en bloque. No encontramos diferencias entre las regiones central y periférica con respecto a la expresión del ARNm y la mutación de IDH1. Sin embargo, podemos observar una mayor expresión del ARNm de IDH1 y una menor incidencia de la mutación en tumores de alto grado cuando los comparamos con aquellos de bajo grado. Este estudio muestra que los gliomas con IDH1 normal tienen una mayor expresión de ARNm independientemente de la zona del tumor. Esto podría conducir a un aumento en la actividad enzimática y mayor presencia de NADPH, lo cual se necesita para el crecimiento celular. Así, el mayor poder de reducción de estas células podría explicar la mayor agresividad de estos gliomas.Gliomas, are the most common type of primary brain tumors. In humans, five genes encode for isocitrate dehydrogenase: IDH1, IDH2, IDH3A, IDH3B, and IDH3G. Somatic point mutations in IDH1 are frequent in gliomas. Most mutations for IDH1 are single base transition substitutions: 395G_A and are associated with longer survival in patients with glioma when compared with those gliomas without IDH1 mutations. Among the functional consequences of IDH1 mutation, some studies have shown a strong decrease in the isocitrate dependent production of reduced NADPH production in the cells. We investigated mRNA expression of IDH1 and the presence or absence of the G395A mutation in a subset of gliomas. Specifically, we studied 38 cases of glioma and 7 methastasis analyzing central and peripheral regions from fresh and en block resection specimens. We found no differences between central and peripheral regions, in regard to IDH1 mRNA expression and G395A IDH1 mutation. However, we identified a significantly higher expression of IDH1 mRNA and a lesser incidence of mutation in high grade gliomas when compared with low grade ones. This study shows that those gliomas with IDH1 WT are associated with higher expression of IDH1 mRNA, independently of the tumor area. This could in turn lead to an increase in enzyme activity and more presence of NADPH which is needed for cellular growth. The greater reducing power in these cells could account for the greater aggressiveness of these gliomas

Assessment of a targeted resequencing assay as a support tool in the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders

BACKGROUND: With over 50 different disorders and a combined incidence of up to 1/3000 births, lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) constitute a major public health problem and place an enormous burden on affected individuals and their families. Many factors make LSD diagnosis difficult, including phenotype and penetrance variability, shared signs and symptoms, and problems inherent to biochemical diagnosis. Developing a powerful diagnostic tool could mitigate the protracted diagnostic process for these families, lead to better outcomes for current and proposed therapies, and provide the basis for more appropriate genetic counseling. METHODS: We have designed a targeted resequencing assay for the simultaneous testing of 57 lysosomal genes, using in-solution capture as the enrichment method and two different sequencing platforms. A total of 84 patients with high to moderate-or low suspicion index for LSD were enrolled in different centers in Spain and Portugal, including 18 positive controls. RESULTS: We correctly diagnosed 18 positive blinded controls, provided genetic diagnosis to 25 potential LSD patients, and ended with 18 diagnostic odysseys. CONCLUSION: We report the assessment of a next-generation-sequencing-based approach as an accessory tool in the diagnosis of LSDs, a group of disorders which have overlapping clinical profiles and genetic heterogeneity. We have also identified and quantified the strengths and limitations of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology applied to diagnosis

Adsorption of 2,2 '-dithiodipyridine as a tool for the assembly of silver nanoparticles

Silver nanostructured thin films stabilized by 2,2’-dithiodipyridine (2dtpy) were prepared. The Ag nanoparticles were obtained by treating the complex [Ag(2dtpy)]NO3 with NaBH4 in a methanol–toluene mixture. The films were transferred to borosilicate glass slips by a dip-coating method and were found to consist of Ag nanoparticles possibly linked via 2dtpy molecules. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) studies have offered the possibility of investigating the adsorption modes of 2dtpy at the Ag nanoparticle surfaces in the fil

What’s hot and what’s not: making sense of biodiversity ‘hotspots’

Conserving biogeographic regions with especially high biodiversity, known as biodiversity ‘hotspots’, is intuitive because finite resources can be focussed towards manageable units. Yet, biodiversity, environmental conditions and their relationship are more complex with multidimensional properties. Assessments which ignore this risk failing to detect change, identify its direction or gauge the scale of appropriate intervention. Conflicting concepts which assume assemblages as either sharply delineated communities or loosely collected species have also hampered progress in the way we assess and conserve biodiversity. We focus on the marine benthos where delineating manageable areas for conservation is an attractive prospect because it holds most marine species and constitutes the largest single ecosystem on earth by area. Using two large UK marine benthic faunal datasets, we present a spatially gridded data sampling design to account for survey effects which would otherwise be the principal drivers of diversity estimates. We then assess γ‐diversity (regional richness) with diversity partitioned between α (local richness) and β (dissimilarity), and their change in relation to covariates to test whether defining and conserving biodiversity hotspots is an effective conservation strategy in light of the prevailing forces structuring those assemblages. α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity hotspots were largely inconsistent with each metric relating uniquely to the covariates, and loosely collected species generally prevailed with relatively few distinct assemblages. Hotspots could therefore be an unreliable means to direct conservation efforts if based on only a component part of diversity. When assessed alongside environmental gradients, α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity provide a multidimensional but still intuitive perspective of biodiversity change that can direct conservation towards key drivers and the appropriate scale for intervention. Our study also highlights possible temporal declines in species richness over 30 years and thus the need for future integrated monitoring to reveal the causal drivers of biodiversity change

Evaluación de las competencias de estudio en los alumnos de 12-14 años

Existen tres ámbitos principales en el estudio de necesidades orientadoras del alumnado de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria que se refieren al Desarrollo académico, al de carácter Personal y Social y al relativo a la Carrera Profesional. En el área del Desarrollo Académico es donde se incardinan los saberes y conocimientos a adquirir por los escolares, las actitudes hacia un aprendizaje eficiente en los Centros educativos y las habilidades de estudio eficaz, objeto este último de nuestro trabajo. La investigación se efectuó sobre una muestra de 80 escolares comprendidos entre 12-16 años, en un Instituto de Educación Secundaria de la comarca de Santiago de Compostela (España). Realizado el análisis de la información obtenida son diversas las motivaciones que justifican la necesidad de mejorar las habilidades para aprender y estudiar que utilizan los alumnos. Existen argumentos normativos, necesidades expuestas por los alumnos y por los profesores, especialmente tutores, de naturaleza científica (conexión con el rendimiento académico) y de desenvolver nuevas estrategias teniendo en cuenta las aportaciones de la investigación psicopedagógica en este campo. En este sentido puede ser de interés la aplicación de un programa innovador de habilidades y estrategias de estudio contemplado en la comunicación.Há três âmbitos principais no estudo das necessidades de orientação do aluno de Ensino Secundário Obrigatório (E.S.O.) que se referen: (i)desenvolvimento académico; (ii) de carácter pessoal e social; (iii) e da Carreira Profissional. Na área do Desenvolvimento Académico e de onde se integram os saberes e conhecimentos a aprender pelas crianças, as atitudes referentes ás aprendizajens eficentes nos Centros educativos e as destrezas do estudo efectivo, objecto do nosso trabalho. A pesquisa fixou-se numa amostra de 80 alunos entre os 12-16 anos num Instituto de Ensino Secundário na demarcação de Santiago de Compostela (Espanha). Feita a análise da informação obtida saõ diferentes as motivações que justificam a necessidade de uma melhoria nas habilidades para aprender e estudar que utilizam os alunos. Existen justificativas normativas, necessidades expostas pelas crianças e pelos professores, especialmente tutores, de natureza científica (relaçao com o rendimento académico) e de desenvolver novas estratégias tendo em conta os contributos da pesquisa psicopedagógica neste âmbito. Neste sentido pode ser de utilidade a implementação de um programa inovador de destrezas e estratégias de estudo apresentadas nesta comunicação.Departamento de Psicologí