Vivienda elemental: experimentando en paisajes singulares

[Resumen] La vivienda elemental en paisajes singulares se muestra actualmente como uno de los campos de pruebas más adecuados para la experimentación arquitectónica y el aprendizaje, dado que construir en hábitats naturales complejos como la alta montaña, el desierto, los bosques o el agua, supone un gran reto en todas sus fases: desde el diseño conceptual, durante el proceso constructivo y en su posterior mantenimiento y abastecimiento. La investigación se enfoca en construcciones mínimas fuertemente vinculadas a su medio natural, que presentan un importante componente didáctico o experimental y que, además de solucionar las necesidades esenciales de sus moradores, tienen como objetivo dar respuesta a las específicas condiciones climáticas, orográficas, de accesibilidad, etc. -en ocasiones adversas- de su entorno a través de la experimentación con nuevos conceptos, formas arquitectónicas, estructuras o materiales; abordando el tema mediante un ejercicio teórico-práctico donde, tras analizar sus antecedentes, se lleva a cabo un amplio estudio de casos considerados representativos de la vivienda elemental experimental en diversos paisajes singulares, para finalmente establecer unas conclusiones sobre su situación, características y tendencias actuales.[Resumo] A vivenda elemental en paisaxes senlleiras amósase na actualidade como un dos campos de probas máis axeitados para a aprendizaxe e a experimentación arquitectónica, dado que construír en hábitats naturais complexos como a alta montaña, o deserto, os bosques ou a auga, supón un grande reto en todas as súas fases: desde o deseño conceptual, durante o proceso construtivo e no seu posterior mantemento e abastecemento. A investigación enfócase en construcións mínimas fortemente vencelladas ao seu medio natural, que presentan unha importante compoñente didáctica ou experimental e que, ademais de solucionar as necesidades esenciais dos seus moradores, teñen como obxectivo dar resposta ás específicas condicións climáticas, orográficas, de accesibilidade, etc. -en ocasións adversas- da súa contorna a través da experimentación con novos conceptos, formas arquitectónicas, estruturas ou materiais; abórdase o tema mediante un exercicio teórico-práctico onde, tras analizar os seus antecedentes, lévase a cabo un amplo estudo de casos considerados representativos da vivenda elemental experimental en diversas paisaxes senlleiras, para finalmente establecer unhas conclusións sobre a súa situación, características e tendencias actuais.[Abstract] Elemental housing in singular landscapes is currently shown as one of the most suitable test fields for architectural experimentation and learning, since building in complex natural habitats such as high mountains, deserts, forests or water, is a great challenge in all its phases: from the conceptual design, during the construction process and in its subsequent maintenance and supply. The research focuses on minimal constructions strongly linked to their natural environment, which present an important didactic or experimental component and which, in addition to solving the essential needs of their inhabitants, aim to respond to the specific climatic, orographic, accessibility conditions -adverse on times- of its environment through experimentation with new concepts, architectural forms, structures or materials; approaching the subject through a theoretical-practical exercise where, after analyzing its antecedents, a broad study of cases considered representative of experimental elemental housing in various singular landscapes is carried out, to finally establish conclusions about its current situation, characteristics and trends.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.ETSA). Estudos en arquitectura. Curso 2020/202

Beyond counting species : a new way to look at biodiversity

In modern ecology, the traditional diversity indices (usually of richness, abundance, and species evenness) have been highly revealing and useful for monitoring community and ecosystem processes. However, around two decades ago, a pioneering research team noticed that these indices did not completely resolve their open questions. Thus, they suggested changing the way biodiversity was measured. At its base, this new methodology considers the distance between species (in phylogenetic or functional terms) before subsequently applying the appropriate biodiversity indices. Including phylogenetic and functional elements in the evaluation of diversity allows us to approach the concept of biodiversity in a more comprehensive way

Representaciones del carnaval en la sociedad porteña en el siglo XIX : "El Carnaval Rocín": caricatura y sátira en la prensa antirrosista

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar las representaciones sociales del carnaval durante el período de Rosas y particularmente analizar la representación visual realizada en la prensa antirrosista publicada en el periódico Muera Rosas editado en Montevideo con fines políticos. Dada la escasa presencia de esta fiesta en los discursos visuales de la época es necesario establecer cuales fueron las significaciones que la misma poseía para la sociedad porteña y cuales fueron los recursos e intenciones utilizados en el grabado: El Carnaval Rocín, con fuertes significaciones tanto políticas como sociales. Asimismo se ha realizado una indagación de los diferentes estudios sociales en torno al carnaval como fiesta popular y en particular las descripciones en textos de la prensa inglesa editada en Buenos Aires, en donde se relatan las relaciones entre poder político y festividad durante el gobierno de Rosas. El Carnaval Rocín, la imagen impresa y discurso verbal son analizados conjuntamente para interpretar el sentido, los motivos y las figuras retóricas que construyen la crítica hacia el poder encarnado en la figura de Rosas sobre los acontecimientos de la época a través de la sátira y la caricatura.Eje: Arte , Arquitectura y sociedad en el siglo XIXFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Representaciones del carnaval en la sociedad porteña en el siglo XIX : "El Carnaval Rocín": caricatura y sátira en la prensa antirrosista

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar las representaciones sociales del carnaval durante el período de Rosas y particularmente analizar la representación visual realizada en la prensa antirrosista publicada en el periódico Muera Rosas editado en Montevideo con fines políticos. Dada la escasa presencia de esta fiesta en los discursos visuales de la época es necesario establecer cuales fueron las significaciones que la misma poseía para la sociedad porteña y cuales fueron los recursos e intenciones utilizados en el grabado: El Carnaval Rocín, con fuertes significaciones tanto políticas como sociales. Asimismo se ha realizado una indagación de los diferentes estudios sociales en torno al carnaval como fiesta popular y en particular las descripciones en textos de la prensa inglesa editada en Buenos Aires, en donde se relatan las relaciones entre poder político y festividad durante el gobierno de Rosas. El Carnaval Rocín, la imagen impresa y discurso verbal son analizados conjuntamente para interpretar el sentido, los motivos y las figuras retóricas que construyen la crítica hacia el poder encarnado en la figura de Rosas sobre los acontecimientos de la época a través de la sátira y la caricatura.Eje: Arte , Arquitectura y sociedad en el siglo XIXFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Vascular tone regulation induced by C-Type natriuretic peptide: Differences in endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Given that the role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the regulation of vascular tone in hypertensive states is unclear, we hypothesized that impaired response of the nitric oxide system to CNP in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) could affect vascular relaxation induced by the peptide in this model of hypertension, and that other endothelial systems or potassium channels opening could also be involved. We examined the effect of CNP on isolated SHR aortas, and the hindlimb vascular resistance (HVR) in response to CNP administration compared to normotensive rats. Aortas were mounted in an isometric organ bath and contracted with phenylephrine. CNP relaxed arteries in a concentration-dependent manner but was less potent in inducing relaxation in SHR. The action of CNP was diminished by removal of the endothelium, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by Nù -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one in both groups. In contrast, blockade of cyclooxygenase or subtype 2 bradykinin receptor increased CNP potency only in SHR. In both Wistar and SHR, CNP relaxation was blunted by tetraethylammonium and partially inhibited by BaCl2 and iberiotoxin, indicating that it was due to opening of the Kir and BKCa channels. However, SHR seem to be more sensitive to Kir channel blockade and less sensitive to BKCa channel blockade than normotensive rats. In addition, CNP decreases HVR in Wistar and SHR, but the effect of CNP increasing blood flow was more marked in SHR. We conclude that CNP induces aorta relaxation by activation of the nitric oxide system and opening of potassium channels, but the response to the peptide is impaired in conductance vessel of hypertensive rats.Fil: Caniffi, Carolina Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Cerniello, Flavia Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Gobetto, María Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Sueiro, María L.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Costa, María A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Arranz, Cristina Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; Argentin

El álgebra lineal y los sistemas lineales de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias en la Facultad de Ingeniería, UNLP

The curricular change implemented at the UNLP College of Engineering in 2003 was fundamentally based upon two concepts: the reorganization of content around conceptual axes and a new teaching methodology. This change led to discussions between the teachers and motivated them to carry out plans and take action in the classroom to improve the quality of teaching. In this work we refer to the subject of Mathematics C (Linear Algebra), which was previously given in two consecutive Calculus courses, and describe the way in which the subject’s content is currently taught, especially in the area of Linear Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations. To improve the teaching of this particular area, we present a proposal that includes the mathematic concepts of problem solving, applications in the different branches of engineering, graphic representations, and the utilization of software as a tool to study the performance of dynamic systems.Investigación en Metodologías Alternativas para la Enseñanza de las Ciencia

El álgebra lineal y los sistemas lineales de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias en la Facultad de Ingeniería, UNLP

The curricular change implemented at the UNLP College of Engineering in 2003 was fundamentally based upon two concepts: the reorganization of content around conceptual axes and a new teaching methodology. This change led to discussions between the teachers and motivated them to carry out plans and take action in the classroom to improve the quality of teaching. In this work we refer to the subject of Mathematics C (Linear Algebra), which was previously given in two consecutive Calculus courses, and describe the way in which the subject’s content is currently taught, especially in the area of Linear Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations. To improve the teaching of this particular area, we present a proposal that includes the mathematic concepts of problem solving, applications in the different branches of engineering, graphic representations, and the utilization of software as a tool to study the performance of dynamic systems.Investigación en Metodologías Alternativas para la Enseñanza de las Ciencia

Encompassing health and nutrition with the adherence to the environmentally sustainable New Nordic Diet in Southern Europe

The partnership for sustainable and healthy food is a challenge shared by governments, food industry, environmental science, and the health service. At the European level, the application of policies based on the Mediterranean-style eating pattern is recommended. In this regard, attention is being paid to the New Nordic Diet (NND), which shares many similarities with the Mediterranean one but comprises typical foods from Nordic countries. Therefore, it could be transferred to anywhere in the world, including Spain, where it would coexist with the recommendations of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD). The main objective of this study is to propose the modelling of the health, economic, environmental and nutritional indicators of the southern version of NND (SNND) and to compare, when possible, the results with those of the alternatives. The environmental metrics for SNND, carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF), were estimated at 3.58 kg CO2·person−1·day−1 and 3528 L·person-1·day-1 respectively, a slightly worse environmental profile than for MD. In relation to economic metrics, the updated cost index to 2019 was 4.30 €·person−1·day−1, similar to MD and lower than for SEAD. The overall dietary quality score was 126, a higher result than the baseline (100), but worse than those identified for SEAD and MD. In terms of health outcomes, NND showed benefits that reduce non-communicable diseases such as the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) by 31%, colorectal cancer (CRCA) by 35% and cardiovascular disease (CVD) by 7%. Compliance with the NND was also associated with a weight loss of 1.83 kg per person following the diet. Epidemiological evidence supported greater weight loss when following the NND, but greater reductions in the CVD risk when adhering to MD. The dissemination through educational campaigns of these recommended dietary patterns and the incorporation in the dietary guidelines of simple indicators of nutritional quality, environmental impacts and health, easily understood by a wide audience, is one of the most important challenges of public and environmental healthC.C–F would like to show her gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grant reference FPU 19/06648). S.G-G. would also give thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant reference RYC-2014-14984). C.C., S.G.-G., G.F. and M.T.M. belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC 2013–032 and to Cross-disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS Research Center, ED431E 2018/01). All these programs are co-funded by Xunta de Galicia and FEDER (EU)S

Driving commitment to sustainable food policies within the framework of American and European dietary guidelines

Diet and nutrition are essential factors in promoting good health throughout life. Their role as determinants of chronic non-communicable diseases is widely recognized. Additionally, the demand for food involves relevant environmental burdens that have to be taken into account on the way to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. As an important part of nutrition policy, food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) have been revised. The key question is: Are environmental considerations being incorporated into them? To address this issue, we modeled and compared both the main environmental indicators in terms of carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF), and nutritional quality (according to the Nutrient Rich Diet index, NRD9.3 and a health gain score) of dietary guidelines from Northern and Southern Europe and America. Particularly, the FBDGs compared were Dutch Dietary Guidelines (DDG), New Nordic Diet (NND), Spanish Strategy for Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Prevention (NAOS), Mediterranean Diet (MD), Italian Dietary Guidelines (IDG) and American Dietary Guidelines (DGA). The IDG and MD offered the best profiles from a climate change perspective (2.04 and 2.21 kgCO2eq·day−1). Overall, DGA had the highest CF (2.98 kgCO2eq·day−1). WF presented greater fluctuations, not only due to daily-recommended amounts, but also because of different climate conditions and production systems of the reference countries. Hence, WF ranged from 1760 L·person−1·day−1 in IDG to 3181 L·person−1·day−1 in NAOS. Finally, the nutritional value of MD, which had the highest NRD9.3 (477) and health gain score (178), has been demonstrated when the comparison was made with DDG, the one with the lowest health gain score (97) and DGA, the worst in terms of NRD9.3 (391). To go ahead of the FBDGs that bet on all dimensions of sustainability, multi-criteria analysis is needed. Nutrition and environmental performance are not the only aspects of the problem; economy and sociocultural variables should be consideredC.C.-F. would like to express her gratitude to the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for financial support (Grant reference FPU 19/06648). S.G.-G. would like to express her gratitude to the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for financial support (Grant reference RYC-2014-14984). C.C-F, S.G.-G., G.F. and M.T.M. belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC ED431C 2017/29) and to the Cross-disciplinary Research in Environmental Technologies (CRETUS Research Center, ED431E 2018/01). All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (EU)S

Is the Paleo diet safe for health and the environment?

It is no secret that the world is facing the challenge of transitioning to healthy diets, which link human and planetary health and the economy. Among the wide variety of diets, Palaeolithic diet has become so popular in social media. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the environmental and health sustainability of the Paleo diet, incorporating the health dimension to the economic, nutritional, and environmental indicators. Results were compared with those of the other dietary patterns in Spain: Mediterranean Diet (MD), Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD) and the Spanish Dietary Guidelines (NAOS). It was concluded that the Paleo diet is a diet low in carbohydrates (24.5% of energy intake) and high in protein (29.6% of energy intake), cholesterol (835 mg·day−1) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (15.3% of energy intake). The diet quality score was 260, a result above the recommended. Regarding the health assessment of the food categories that contribute most to the Paleo diet, vegetables and fruits were associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), colorectal cancer (CRCA), obesity and stroke. The opposite result was observed for red meat. Fish and seafood, as well as poultry, were associated with a relative risk higher than one for T2D and obesity, but not for CVD, CRCA or stroke. Based on the economic assessment, a higher dietary cost was estimated for Paleo diet (8.6 €·person−1·day−1). The environmental metrics in terms of carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF) were estimated in 5.44 kg CO2·person−1·day−1 and 3499 L·person−1·day−1 respectively, a worse environmental profile than that of MD, SEAD and NAOS. Environmental and health sustainability assessments can help policy makers set targets for improving dietary guidelines at national level. They are recognized as a very useful tool to guide citizens towards the most appropriate dietC.C.-F. would like to express her gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for financial support (Grant reference FPU 19/06648). S.G.-G. would like to express her gratitude to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for financial support (Grant reference RYC-2014-14984). C.C-F, S.G.-G., G.F. and M.T.M. belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC 2013-032 and to CRETUS Strategic Partnership (AGRUP2015/02). All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (EU)S