Caracterização do perfil nutricional de praticantes de futsal de um time universitário da cidade de Ananindeua

Futsal is a sport with intermittent exercises and varied intensities. Because they present physiological and dynamic responses similar to soccer, nutritional recommendations correlate. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional profile of futsal practitioners of a university team. Anthropometric evaluation was performed based on weight, height, circumferences and skinfolds and food consumption through the 24-hour recall. ABESO parameters were used to classify BMI. The percentage of fat was estimated from the equation of Jackson and Pollock and Siri (1961). The average weight obtained was 70.9 ±17.74 kg, BMI of 24.44 ±4.99 kg/m2 and 12.18 ±5.89% fat percentage. Most athletes are in a state of normal weight.  The participants had a caloric intake of only 2,388 ±893.8 kcal/day. These data indicates the need for nutritional monitoring to conduct performance improvements.O futsal é uma modalidade com exercícios intermitentes e intensidades variadas. Por apresentar respostas fisiológicas e dinâmicas similares ao futebol, as recomendações nutricionais se correlacionam. Este trabalho objetivou analisar o perfil nutricional de praticantes de futsal de um time universitário. A avaliação antropométrica foi realizada a partir do peso, altura, circunferências e dobras cutâneas e o consumo alimentar por meio do Recordatório de 24 horas. Para classificar o IMC, foram utilizados os parâmetros da ABESO. O percentual de gordura foi estimado a partir da equação de Jackson e Pollock e de Siri (1961). A média de peso obtida foi de 70,9 ±17,74 kg, IMC de 24,44 ±4,99 kg/m2 e 12,18 ±5,89% de percentual de gordura. A maioria dos atletas encontra-se em estado de eutrofia. Entretanto, os participantes apresentaram um consumo calórico de apenas 2.388 ±893,8 kcal/dia. Estes dados indicam a necessidade de um acompanhamento nutricional para conduzir melhorias no desempenho

Assistência de Enfermagem a paciente portador de Deiscência de Ferida Operatória: Relato de experiência / Nursing Assistance to Patients with Operative Wound Deiscence: Experience Report

INTRODUÇÃO: Deiscência de ferida é definida como a separação da fáscia anteriormente aproximada, podendo ocorrer de forma parcial ou total/evisceração possibilitando o surgimento de infecções. E a cicatrização de ferida cirúrgica envolve a interação dos processos de inflamação, epitelização, contração e metabolismo do colágeno (ANSELMO,2016). Existem diversos fatores relacionados ao ambiente físico, aos procedimentos, e aos microrganismos que podem afetar a cicatrização de uma ferida cirúrgica. O controle desses fatores parece ser impossível e considerando que a detecção precoce de alterações da ferida cirúrgica no pós-operatório torna-se uma tarefa intrínseca do enfermeiro a avaliação diária de forma sistematizada, por ser o profissional que maior tempo se dedica ao cuidar do paciente (FERREIRA, 2004). OBJETIVO: Relatar a assistência de enfermagem realizada em ferida operatória com deiscência. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um relato de experiência da assistência de enfermagem realizada na ferida de paciente com deiscência pós reconstrução do trânsito intestinal. O paciente foi acompanhado por enfermeiros do grupo de feridas e enfermeirandos de um hospital universitário no período de um mês, com curativos diários. RESULTADOS: A ferida era limpa diariamente com poli-hexametileno biguanida (PMHB) e, utilizando solução fisiológica 0,9% e gaze estéril. As bordas, o leito, profundidade, exsudato, odor e tamanho eram as variáveis avaliadas. Utilizava-se de cobertura com gaze estéril e filme transparente. No final de um mês a ferida evoluiu com completo fechamento. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o curativo diário e a avaliação das variáveis especificas, realizadas pelo enfermeiro, resulta em um efeito positivo para o paciente, sendo uma boa pratica que necessita ser divulgada e continuada

Abordagens alternativas para a vigilância da leishmaniose tegumentar em áreas indígenas – estudo de caso entre os Wajãpi do Amapá

This paper aims to present the limitations of the surveillance system for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) overseen by the Ministry of Health in Brazil in indigenous areas, based on the accounts of technical experts and collaborators who worked on the surveillance of the disease among the Wajãpi indigenous people between 2012 and 2015. The study compares the standard approaches recommended by the Ministry of Health with alternative approaches in three main areas: case detection and diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiological analysis. In the latter area, methods that relate to risk analysis, entomology and the study of vertebrate hosts were compared. The comparison showed that approaches based on qualitative methods and knowledge about cultural patterns and specificities of the indigenous group increased the acceptability of the health service. Integrative approaches such as participatory community workshops involving community members acting as reporting agents working within the health service proved to be important alternatives for improving the sensitivity and representativeness of the CL monitoring system in indigenous areas. It is expected that the approaches compared in this study can form the basis for improvement in health surveillance systems, particularly for vector-borne diseases in indigenous areas.Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar limitações do sistema de vigilância da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) executado no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde em áreas indígenas, a partir do relato de experiência de técnicos e colaboradores que atuaram na vigilância da doença na Terra Indígena Wajãpi entre 2012 e 2015. O estudo compara as abordagens padrão preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde com abordagens alternativas entre três componentes principais: captação de casos e diagnóstico, tratamento e análise epidemiológica. Neste último componente, foram comparados métodos que se relacionam a análise de locais prováveis de infecção, entomologia e estudo de hospedeiros vertebrados. A comparação demonstrou que abordagens de cunho qualitativo e o conhecimento sobre padrões e espeficidades culturais do grupo indígena incrementaram a aceitabilidade do serviço de saúde. Abordagens integrativas como oficinas comunitárias, e, participativas que envolviam membros da comunidade como agentes de notificação e ação dentro do serviço, mostraram-se importantes alternativas para aperfeiçoamento da sensibilidade e representatividade do sistema de vigilância da LTA em áreas indígenas. Espera-se que as abordagens comparadas neste estudo possam servir de base para aperfeiçoamento de sistemas de vigilância em saúde, principalmente para doenças transmitidas por vetores em áreas indígenas

The shadow of the Balbina dam: A synthesis of over 35 years of downstream impacts on floodplain forests in Central Amazonia

1. The Balbina hydropower dam in the Central Amazon basin, established in the Uatumã River in the 1980s, is emblematic for its socio‐environmental disaster. Its environmental impacts go far beyond the reservoir and dam, however, affecting the floodplain forests (igapó) in the downstream area (dam shadow), which have been assessed using a transdisciplinary research approach, synthesized in this review. 2. Floodplain tree species are adapted to a regular and predictable flood pulse, with high‐ and low‐water periods occurring during the year. This was severely affected by the operation of the Balbina dam, which caused the suppression of both the aquatic phase at higher floodplain elevations and the terrestrial phase at lower floodplain elevations (termed the ‘sandwich effect’). 3. During the period of construction and reservoir fill, large‐scale mortality already occurred in the floodplains of the dam shadow as a result of reduced stream flow, in synergy with severe drought conditions induced by El Niño events, causing hydraulic failure and making floodplains vulnerable to wildfires. 4. During the operational period of the dam, permanent flooding conditions at low topographical elevations resulted in massive tree mortality. So far, 12% of the igapó forests have died along a downstream river stretch of more than 125 km. As a result of flood suppression at the highest elevations, an encroachment of secondary tree species from upland (terra firme) forests occurred. 5. More than 35 years after the implementation of the Balbina dam, the downstream impacts caused massive losses of macrohabitats, ecosystem services, and diversity of flood‐adapted tree species, probably cascading down to the entire food web, which must be considered in conservation management. 6. These findings are discussed critically, emphasizing the urgent need for the Brazilian environmental regulatory agencies to incorporate downstream impacts in the environmental assessments of several dam projects planned for the Amazon region.Additional co-authors: Flávia Machado Durgante, Aline Lopes, Susan E. Trumbore, Hans ter Steege, Adalberto Luis Val, Wolfgang J. Junk, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedad

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Doença de chagas: tendência epidemiológica por regiões do Brasil / Chagas disease: epidemiological trend by regions of Brazil

A doença de Chagas é uma condição crônica negligenciada com elevada carga de morbimortalidade, no período de 2000 a 2013 foram notificados 1.570 casos de doença de Chagas aguda . Trata-se de um estudo transversal de caráter descritivo, teve como população os casos de notificados doença de chagas aguda dos últimos anos disponíveis do DATASUS,foram dos anos 2013 a 2014 no Brasil. Os dados obtidos foram coletados do DATASUS nas informações de saúde (TABNET). O total de 191 de notificações de doença de chagas aguda no anos de 2014 no Brasil. Os dados epidemiológicos demonstram a necessidade de se aumentar à vigilância na região Norte e incorporar indicadores ambientais para a detecção precoce e prevenção de agravos à saúde da população em relação a doença de chagas

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio