Evaluation of prevalence of Haller cells and their relationship with maxilofacial changes

Introdução: As células de Haller são descritas como células etmoidais aeradas, localizadas na margem inferior da órbita, próximas aos óstios dos seios maxilares. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) tem amplo uso na odontologia, permitindo aquisição de imagens da região craniofacial. Objetivo: Identificar, em exames de TCFC, a relação da célula de Haller com as seguintes condições: sinusopatia, desvio de septo nasal ósseo, tratamento endodôntico e lesões periapicais. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados 99 exames de TCFC, sendo 51 incluídos nos critérios da pesquisa. As imagens foram analisadas no software Xelis Dental®, de maneira a identificar a presença ou não da célula de Haller, bem como sua relação com as condições citadas. Resultados: Dentre os 51 exames de TCFC avaliados, 35,3% apresentaram célula de Haller do lado direito e 23,5% no lado esquerdo. Levando-se em conta a relação das células de Haller com uma ou mais alterações aqui citadas, no lado direito a tivemos em 72% dos casos, enquanto no lado esquerdo tal relação se fez presente em 75% dos casos. Conclusão: Exames de TCFC que apresentam a margem infraorbital permitem verificar a presença ou ausência da célula de Haller. Nessa amostra, verificamos maior presença de casos de endodontia, desvio de septo e sinusopatia nos indivíduos que apresentaram células de Haller.Introduction: The Haller Cells are described as aerated ethmoidal cells, located in the inferior margin of the orbit, near the ostia of the maxillary sinuses. The Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is widely used in dentistry, allowing acquisition of images of the craniofacial region. Objective: to identify in CBCT exams the Haller´s cell relationship with the following conditions: sinus disease, bony nasal septum deviation, endodontic treatment and periapical lesions. Materials and methods: 99 CBCT exams were used, from which 51 were included in the research criteria. The images were analyzed in the Xelis Dental® software to identify the presence or absence of the Haller Cell, as well as the relationship with the mentioned conditions. Results: Among the 51 CFCT exams evaluated, 35.3% presented Haller´s Cell on the right side and 23.5% on the left side. Whereas the relationship of the Haller Cells with one or more alterations mentioned here, on the right side we had it in 72% of the cases, while on the left side such relationship was present in 75% of the cases. Conclusion: CBCT exams that present the infraorbital margin allow to verify the presence or absence of the Haller Cell. In this sample, we verified a greater presence of endodontic cases, bony nasal septum deviation and sinus disease cases in individuals who presented Haller Cells

Utilização da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico na obtenção de índices radiomorfométricos – Revisão de Literatura

Diferentes índices quantitativos e qualitativos são utilizados para mensurar a qualidade óssea em radiografia panorâmicas, e são denominados, índices radiomorfométricos. Esses índices são propostos como ferramentas de rastreio da baixa densidade mineral óssea e da osteoporose, sendo considerados como métodos alternativos. Atualmente pesquisadores têm utilizado esses índices em tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC), com o intuito de verificar se esse exame também pode ser utilizado para busca de pacientes com baixa densidade mineral óssea. O objetivo desse estudo, foi fazer uma revisão de literatura a respeito do uso da TCFC para a obtenção dos índices. Foram selecionados trabalhos que abordaram o uso da TCFC e índices radiomorfométricos para análise da qualidade óssea. Conclui-se que os índices radiomorfométricos podem ser obtidos em exames de TCFC, porém mais estudos são necessários devido a variabilidade de metodologias e parâmetros.

O parto prematuro induzido pela covid-19: uma revisão da literatura / Premature birth induced by covid-19: a literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: A Coronavírus Disease-2019 é uma infecção respiratória aguda potencialmente grave e de distribuição global. Devido à sua propagação global e ao estado de calamidade provocado foi declarado pela OMS, a pandemia por COVID-19. O seu acometimento em gestantes está associado a diversas repercussões, como o parto prematuro. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, através de pesquisa na base de dados Pubmed utilizando os descritores: ''preterm birth''; ''coronavirus infection'', ''premature birth labor'' e ''pregnancy''.  RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 121 artigos, entre os quais 17 foram selecionados, sendo todos publicados em 2020 e consistem em estudos de coorte prospectivos e retrospectivos, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises. DISCUSSÃO: Pesquisas que avaliaram mulheres grávidas infectadas apontam um índice superior de prematuridade entre os recém-nascidos de mães com COVID-19, em comparação com a população geral. A invasão viral poderia desencadear trabalho de parto prematuro via receptor toll-like TLR-3 ativando a via comum. Os partos prematuros ocorrem com frequência em mulheres com doença grave, sendo predominantemente cesáreas. CONCLUSÃO: A infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em gestantes foi associada a maiores índices de parto prematuro e de partos cesáreos quando comparados à população não infectada.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora