Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Isolated from Free-Ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the Central California Coast

Interspecies transmission of influenza A is an important factor in the evolution and ecology of influenza viruses. Marine mammals are in contact with a number of influenza reservoirs, including aquatic birds and humans, and this may facilitate transmission among avian and mammalian hosts. Virus isolation, whole genome sequencing, and hemagluttination inhibition assay confirmed that exposure to pandemic H1N1 influenza virus occurred among free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in 2010. Nasal swabs were collected from 42 adult female seals in April 2010, just after the animals had returned to the central California coast from their short post-breeding migration in the northeast Pacific. Swabs from two seals tested positive by RT-PCR for the matrix gene, and virus was isolated from each by inoculation into embryonic chicken eggs. Whole genome sequencing revealed greater than 99% homology with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) that emerged in humans from swine in 2009. Analysis of more than 300 serum samples showed that samples collected early in 2010 (n = 100) were negative and by April animals began to test positive for antibodies against the pH1N1 virus (HI titer of ≥ 1∶40), supporting the molecular findings. In vitro characterizations studies revealed that viral replication was indistinguishable from that of reference strains of pH1N1 in canine kidney cells, but replication was inefficient in human epithelial respiratory cells, indicating these isolates may be elephant seal adapted viruses. Thus findings confirmed that exposure to pandemic H1N1 that was circulating in people in 2009 occurred among free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast. This is the first report of pH1N1 (A/Elephant seal/California/1/2010) in any marine mammal and provides evidence for cross species transmission of influenza viruses in free-ranging wildlife and movement of influenza viruses between humans and wildlife

GESTÃO E DEMOCRACIA EM UMA ESCOLA PARTICIPATIVA

Nos dias atuais a escola é vista como responsável pelo desenvolvimento integral do aluno nos aspectosfísicos, emocional, cognitivo e social da criança. Sobre o papel da gestão democrática e participativa na geraçãoda qualidade no âmbito escolar, atualmente uma das temáticas mais discutidas na educação é a forma de como asescolas têm se organizado para construírem espaços de relevância nos aspectos administrativos, pedagógicos, degestão de pessoas. Mediante as grandes mudanças nas tecnologias e nos níveis de preferências dos alunos, discutesecomo perseguir a qualidade tão necessária à escola de hoje. Nesse contexto, a partir de pesquisa desenvolvida,pode-se verificar que uma das maiores dificuldades da gestão é justamente estabelecer situações significativasque possam edificar a participação de todos no sentido de gerar a qualidade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.Assim, acredita-se que uma gestão escolar só poderá contribuir de maneira democrática a partir do momento emque todos, gestores, professores, pais e alunos envolvam-se de forma participativa nos projetos pedagógicos eculturais da unidade escolar

Meningoradiculitis Due To Cryptococcus Neofermans In An Immunocompetent Patient.

Meningoradiculitis refers to combined involvement of meninges and nerve roots. The most frequent location is the lumbosacral region. Etiology is diverse, including inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic disorders. Meningoradiculitis is a rare form of involvement in cryptococcal infection. We describe a case of subacute lower limbs flaccid paresis diagnosed as lumbosacral meningoradiculitis in view of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory changes and typical enhancement on MRI of lumbar spine. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from CSF. Extensive screening yielded no immunodeficiencies.62147-

Rodas de diálogos: construindo a agroecologia do DF e Entorno

Em outubro de 2014 ocorreu o IV Seminário de Agroecologia do Distrito Federal e Entorno, no Centro de Convenções Ulysses Guimarães, em Brasília – DF. O seminario reuniu cerca de 1.200 participantes entre agricultores/as, extensionistas, pesquisadores/as, professores/as, gestores/as públicos, estudantes, representantes de movimentos sociais e sindicais, para discutir os temas de agricultura familiar e políticas públicas no contexto da Agroecologia. O presente trabalho se propõe a relatar o desenvolvimento e resultados da dinâmica “Rodas de Diálogos: Construindo a Agroecologia do DF e Entorno”, realizada no âmbito do seminário. A partir dessa dinâmica, foi possível sistematizar as opiniões dos participantes sobre a Agroecologia no DF relacionada ao futuro ideal, situação presente e, em como como chegar ao futuro ideal. As Rodas de Diálogos contaram com grande integração dos, aproximadamente, 400 participantes, para compreender de forma colaborativa o cenário da Agroecologia na região e projetar estrategicamente um cenário futuro ideal, a partir de tudo que foi visto no seminario, que se encaixam em categorias específicas: Articulação; Educação; Meio Ambiente; Mercado; Políticas Públicas.Eje: B5 Sistemas de conocimiento (Relatos de experiencias)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Clinical checklists in the selection of mentally retarded males for molecular screening of fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome is the most frequent cause of inherited mental retardation. The phenotype in this syndrome is quite variable and less conspicuous in younger patients, making clinical diagnosis difficult and thus making molecular diagnosis necessary. The use of clinical checklists in mentally retarded individuals can help selecting patients to be given priority in the molecular investigation for the fragile-X mutation in the FMR1 gene. We evaluated two clinical checklists in a sample of 200 Brazilian male patients with mental retardation. The highest scores in the two checklists concentrated among the 19 males (9.5%) found to carry full mutations. Our results confirm the importance of fragile-X checklists as a clinical tool in the study of mentally retarded patients.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Genética e Biologia EvolutivaUNIFESPSciEL

Utilização de serviços de saúde por adultos da coorte de nascimentos de 1982 a 2004-5, Pelotas, RS

OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern of health services utilization by young adults. METHODS: Longitudinal study in Pelotas (Southern Brazil), in which the individuals were identified at birth in 1982 and followed up until 23 years of age. The outcome was defined by information collected about visits to health professionals that were attended in the year before the interview, between 2004 and 2005. The places where the visits occurred were categorized as public, private or belonging to health plan systems. Descriptive analyses were carried out for utilization and type of health service. Poisson Regression was employed in the adjusted analysis. RESULTS: Of the interviewees, 72.0% visited health professionals in the year before the interview; 86.2% (95% CI 84.7;87.7) of the women and 59.3% (95% CI 57.3;61.3) of the men. Even when gynecological visits were excluded, the women still attended more visits than the men, 68.4% (95% CI 66.4;70.4). Health services utilization was more frequent among interviewees of better socioeconomic level. A difference of lower use in relation to non-white skin color was observed only among male youths. There were differences regarding the type of professional visited by men and women and also according to family income. Men and women used more frequently the public system, the health plan system and, in a smaller proportion, the private system. CONCLUSIONS: The socioeconomic situation influenced the utilization and the type of health service, with men and women classified as "poor at the moment", which indicates lower utilization of services. Such socioeconomic differences may indicate difficulties in the access to the health system.OBJETIVO: Describir el patrón de utilización de servicios de salud por adultos jóvenes. MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal en Pelotas (Sur de Brasil), en que los individuos fueron localizados en su nacimiento en 1982 y acompañados hasta los 23 años. El desenlace fue definido por informaciones colectadas sobre consultas con profesionales de la salud realizadas en el año anterior a la entrevista entre 2004 y 2005. Los locales de consulta fueron clasificados como públicos, privados o seguros de salud. Los análisis descriptivos fueron realizados para utilización y tipo de servicio de salud. Regresión de Poisson fue utilizada en el análisis ajustado. RESULTADOS: De los entrevistados, 72,0% tuvieron consulta con profesionales de la salud en el año anterior a la entrevista; 86,2% (IC 95% 84,7;87,7) de las mujeres y 59,3% (IC 95% 57,3;61,3) de los hombres. A pesar de que se excluyeron las consultas con ginecólogos, las mujeres continuaban más consultas que los hombres, 68,4% (IC 95% 66,4;70,4). La utilización de los servicios de salud fue más frecuente entre los entrevistados de mejor nivel socioeconómico. Diferencia de menor uso en relación al color de piel no blanca fue observada solamente entre los jóvenes del sexo masculino. Hubo diferencias en relación al tipo de profesional consultado por hombres y mujeres y también conforme a la renta familiar. Hombres y mujeres consultaron más frecuentemente el sistema público, los servicios por convenio y en menor proporción el sistema privado. CONCLUSIONES: La situación socioeconómica influencio la utilización y el tipo de servicio de salud, con hombres y mujeres clasificados como "pobres en el momento", indicando menor utilización de servicios. Tales diferencias socioeconómicas pueden ser indicativas de dificultades de acceso al sistema de salud.OBJETIVO: Descrever o padrão de utilização de serviços de saúde por adultos jovens. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal em Pelotas (RS), em que os indivíduos foram localizados no seu nascimento em 1982 e acompanhados até os 23 anos. O desfecho foi definido por informações coletadas sobre consultas com profissionais de saúde realizadas no ano anterior à entrevista entre 2004 e 2005. Os locais de consulta foram categorizados como públicos, privados ou planos de saúde. Análises descritivas foram realizadas para utilização e tipo de serviço de saúde. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada na análise ajustada. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 72,0% tiveram consulta com profissionais de saúde no ano anterior à entrevista; 86,2% (IC 95% 84,7;87,7) das mulheres e 59,3% (IC 95% 57,3;61,3) dos homens. Mesmo quando excluídas as consultas com ginecologista, as mulheres continuavam tendo mais consultas do que os homens, 68,4% (IC 95% 66,4;70,4). A utilização dos serviços de saúde foi mais freqüente entre os entrevistados de melhor nível socioeconômico. Diferença de menor uso em relação à cor da pele não branca foi observada somente entre os jovens do sexo masculino. Houve diferenças em relação ao tipo de profissional consultado por homens e mulheres e também conforme a renda familiar. Homens e mulheres consultaram mais freqüentemente o sistema público, os serviços conveniados e em menor proporção o sistema privado. CONCLUSÕES: A situação socioeconômica influenciou a utilização e o tipo de serviço de saúde, com homens e mulheres classificados como "pobres no momento", indicando menor utilização de serviços. Tais diferenças socioeconômicas podem ser indicativas de dificuldades de acesso ao sistema de saúde

ANALISIS YURIDIS SOSIOLOGIS PROSEDUR PENYELAMATAN KREDIT BERMASALAH BANK DANAMON BERDASARKAN PERATURAN BANK INDONESIA NOMOR 14/15/PBI/2012 TENTANG PENILAIAN KUALITAS ASET BANK UMUM (Studi Pada Kasus Konflik Bank Danamon Tanjung Balai Karimun Provinsi Kepualauan Riau Dengan Nasabah Bank Danamon)

Kasus mengenai penanganan kredit bermasalah di Bank Danamon sering mengalami permasalahan terutama dalam hal pelelangan. Kejadian tersebut dikarenakan bahwa Bank Danamon sering melakukan tindakan pelelangan tanpa pemberitahuan oleh nasabah serta tidak melakukan proses penyelamatan kredit bermasalah terlebih dahulu terhadap nasabah yang mengalami kredit bermasalah. Penelitian ini mengambil rumusan masalah Bagaimana prosedur penyelamatan kredit bermasalah yang dilakukan oleh PT.Bank Danamon dikaitkan dengan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 14/15/PBI/2012 Tentang Penilaian Kualitas Aset Bank Umum dan Apa faktor yang mendasari PT.Bank Danamon melakukan pelelangan terhadap jaminan nasabah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Yuridis Sosiologis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut ada beberapa peraturan dari Bank Danamon yang tidak mengikuti prosedur dari BI serta terjadi ketidaksesuain dengan peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh Bank Danamon pusat dengan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Bank Danamon Tanjung Balai Karimun. Proses penyelamatan kredit bermasalah yang dilakukan oleh bank adalah dengan mengeluarkan surat penggilan yang berisi mengenai pelunasan pembayaran, Bank Danamon tidak melakukan restrukturisasi sebelum nasabah sendiri yang membuat permohonan untuk dapat restrukturisasi. Mengenai pelelangan Bank Danmon kurang melengkapi salah satu persyaratan untuk melakukan lelng yaitu tidak adanya surat pemberitahuan lelang kepada debitur sehingga pelelangan yang dilakukan oleh bank danamon kurang sempurna. Kesimpulannya bahwa Bank Danamon Tanjung Balai Karimun kurang menerapkan peraturan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh Bank Danamon Pusat. Saran, Bank Danamon Tanjung Balai Karimun dapat memperbaiki kinerja bank dan melakukan perbuatan sesuai dengan perturan yang telah dikeluarkan

How are falls and fear of falling associated with objectively measured physical activity in a cohort of community-dwelling older men?

BACKGROUND: Falls affect approximately one third of community-dwelling older adults each year and have serious health and social consequences. Fear of falling (FOF) (lack of confidence in maintaining balance during normal activities) affects many older adults, irrespective of whether they have actually experienced falls. Both falls and fear of falls may result in restrictions of physical activity, which in turn have health consequences. To date the relation between (i) falls and (ii) fear of falling with physical activity have not been investigated using objectively measured activity data which permits examination of different intensities of activity and sedentary behaviour. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1680 men aged 71-92 years recruited from primary care practices who were part of an on-going population-based cohort. Men reported falls history in previous 12 months, FOF, health status and demographic characteristics. Men wore a GT3x accelerometer over the hip for 7 days. RESULTS: Among the 12% of men who had recurrent falls, daily activity levels were lower than among non-fallers; 942 (95% CI 503, 1381) fewer steps/day, 12(95% CI 2, 22) minutes less in light activity, 10(95% CI 5, 15) minutes less in moderate to vigorous PA [MVPA] and 22(95% CI 9, 35) minutes more in sedentary behaviour. 16% (n = 254) of men reported FOF, of whom 52% (n = 133) had fallen in the past year. Physical activity deficits were even greater in the men who reported that they were fearful of falling than in men who had fallen. Men who were fearful of falling took 1766(95% CI 1391, 2142) fewer steps/day than men who were not fearful, and spent 27(95% CI 18, 36) minutes less in light PA, 18(95% CI 13, 22) minutes less in MVPA, and 45(95% CI 34, 56) minutes more in sedentary behaviour. The significant differences in activity levels between (i) fallers and non-fallers and (ii) men who were fearful of falling or not fearful, were mediated by similar variables; lower exercise self-efficacy, fewer excursions from home and more mobility difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: Falls and in particular fear of falling are important barriers to older people gaining health benefits of walking and MVPA. Future studies should assess the longitudinal associations between falls and physical activity