Relações de gênero nas Guardas Municipais

Neste artigo, procuramos descortinar as relações de gênero no âmbito das Guardas Municipais, o que significa uma análise não das mulheres, mas de como elas são em comparação com os homens. Para tanto, optamos por escrutinar três dimensões: perfil profissional, condições de trabalho e assédio (moral e sexual). Os resultados indicam que a prometida igualdade entre homens e mulheres está longe de se materializar nas Guardas Municipais, dados o reduzido percentual do contingente feminino (em comparação com o masculino), a ausência de equipamentos de proteção individual específicos para as mulheres e as práticas de assédio que vitimizam essas profissionais em maiores percentuais

Effect of Microstructural Refinement on Electrical Properties of BST-Based Ceramics Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering and Spark Plasma Texturing

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Time response of increases in muscle performance after Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in weight training practitioners

Many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on muscle performance. Nonetheless, ideal application parameters are not known yet. The interval from the laser application moment until the time of the exercise is amongst them. In addition, the literature does not offer adequate studies that analyse different interval times in the same test in humans. Thus, the present study proposes the examination of the two distinct intervals, from the irradiation moment to the instant of the exercise performance. Forty male volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into four groups - control, placebo, immediate laser and 10 min after laser – to participate in this study. The therapy was performed with laser at 830 nm, with a power of 30 mW, energy of 3 J, during a time of 100 seconds per point irradiation, in the belly of the biceps brachii muscle. The comparison of the groups consisted in the Max force analysis, muscular power and muscle fatigue tests executed in the isokinetic dynamometer, and the recruitment of fibers by electromyography surface (EMG) and blood lactate levels in the brachial biceps muscle of weight training practitioners. A significant level of 5% (p <0.05) was considered for data analysis. The parameters adopted in the application of LLT significantly increased muscle activity (RMS) in all protocols (peak force, power and muscular endurance). In addition, LLLT was also effective in maintaining muscle performance. It was concluded that the interval time from the moment of application of the LLLT until the performance of the exercise can influence in a different way the physical capacities tested.Many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on muscle performance. Nonetheless, ideal application parameters are not known yet. The interval from the laser application moment until the time of the exercise is amongst them. In addition, the literature does not offer adequate studies that analyse different interval times in the same test in humans. Thus, the present study proposes the examination of the two distinct intervals, from the irradiation moment to the instant of the exercise performance. Forty male volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into four groups - control, placebo, immediate laser and 10 min after laser – to participate in this study. The therapy was performed with laser at 830 nm, with a power of 30 mW, energy of 3 J, during a time of 100 seconds per point irradiation, in the belly of the biceps brachii muscle. The comparison of the groups consisted in the Max force analysis, muscular power and muscle fatigue tests executed in the isokinetic dynamometer, and the recruitment of fibers by electromyography surface (EMG) and blood lactate levels in the brachial biceps muscle of weight training practitioners. A significant level of 5% (p <0.05) was considered for data analysis. The parameters adopted in the application of LLT significantly increased muscle activity (RMS) in all protocols (peak force, power and muscular endurance). In addition, LLLT was also effective in maintaining muscle performance. It was concluded that the interval time from the moment of application of the LLLT until the performance of the exercise can influence in a different way the physical capacities tested

Communicative performance and vocabulary domain in preschool preterm infants

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of children in preschool age who were born premature and term, without neurological injury, regarding receptive and expressive language skills, and to reflect on the importance of these skills for performance in preschool. Materials and Methods: Two groups named Preterm Group and Comparison Group, each composed by 40 children, as well as 80 legal representatives (mothers) and 80 teachers of the participants. To pair the groups, we considered chronological age (months), sex, educational level, type of school (public or private) and socioeconomic status. To assess the groups we used structured and semi-structured Observation of Communicative Behavior and applied the ABFW Child Language Test - Part B-Vocabulary and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. To assess the legal representatives we applied an anamnesis questionnaire and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory. The assessment of the teachers consisted of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory and a Student Assessment Protocol developed by the authors. Results: For the observation of communicative behavior, the categories with the highest losses were: narrative, maintaining dialogic activities and attention difficulties. In the ABFW Child Language Test and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test there were statistically significant differences. In the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory there were statistically significant differences in expressive vocabulary, but no differences in receptive vocabulary, for both the mothers and the teachers.  Conclusion: Children born prematurely with low risk of neurological sequelae in preschool age may have greater difficulties in linguistic performance than their peers born to term

Particle characteristics’ influence on FLASH sintering of potassium sodium niobate: A relationship with conduction mechanisms

Funding Information: This work was developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate, co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This work was also financed by Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the frame of Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (POCI), in the scope of the project "FLASH sintering of lead-free functional oxides towards sustainable processing of materials for energy and related applications-FLASH", POCI-01-0247-FEDER-029078. Ricardo Serrazina acknowledges FCT for financial support (SFRH/PD/BD/128411/2017).The considerable decrease in temperature and time makes FLASH sintering a more sustainable alternative for materials processing. FLASH also becomes relevant if volatile elements are part of the material to be processed, as in alkali‐based piezoelectrics like the promising lead‐free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN). Due to the volatile nature of K and Na, KNN is difficult to process by conventional sintering. Although some studies have been undertaken, much remains to be understood to properly engineer the FLASH sintering process of KNN. In this work, the effect of FLASH temperature, TF, is studied as a function of the particle size and impurity content of KNN powders. Differences are demonstrated: while the particle size and impurity degree markedly influence TF, they do not significantly affect the densification and grain growth processes. The conductivity of KNN FLASH‐sintered ceramics and KNN single crystals (SCs) is compared to elucidate the role of particles’ surface conduction. When particles’ surfaces are not present, as in the case of SCs, the FLASH process requires higher temperatures and conductivity values. These results have implications in understanding FLASH sintering towards a more sustainable processing of lead‐free piezoelectrics.publishersversionpublishe

ARTIFICIAL PRUNING OF FOREST TREE SPECIES IN RESPONSE TO CULTIVATION METHOD

This study aimed to quantify the artificial pruning of forest species sabia (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth.), acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), at 12 months of age, in response to the cultivation method. The experimental design was in randomized block design in a factorial scheme (2x3), corresponding tosix treatments distributed in plots in tracks with four blocks. Being the main factor two methods of cultivation (less intensive - CA and more intensive - CB) and the secondary factor the forest species, totaling six treatments with four replicates each. The growth of each tree was obtained with the measurement of the total height and diameter at breast height. For the quantification of biomass pruned selected is a tree in the surrounds of each parcel with average height and diameter. The pruning was performed until the height equivalent to 40% of the crown height of the tree. The three variables studied (leaf, branch and total) showed significant differences between the types of cultivation and between the species. Only the parameter leaf for the sabia treatment didn’t show differences in relation to the cultivation types. We concluded that the cultivation method and the species types have influency in the total biomass production and consequently in the pruned plant amount

Occurrence of Dental Trauma in a Group of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Objective: To assess the occurrence of dental trauma in a group of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in comparison to children without the disorder. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Children and Adolescents Health in the Department of Health of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The study included individuals with and without ASD, between three and 16 years old, and their parents/caregivers. Children/adolescents were assessed for dental trauma by clinical examination. All exams were performed by a trained and calibrated examiner (MCT), and intra-examiner reliability was previously established (Kappa=0.93). The Socio-demographic status was reported by parents/caregivers. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and generation of frequency distributions. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the association between groups of children/adolescents with and without ASD about the presence of dental trauma. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Sixty children of both sexes participated in the study, thirty with a diagnosis of ASD and thirty without. The age ranging from 3 to 13 years, with an average of 7.5 ± 3.2 years. Children with ASD had a higher frequency of dental trauma than children without ASD (p=0.02), and the most frequent type of trauma was enamel fracture (57.10%), followed by enamel/dentin fracture without pulp exposure (42.90%). Conclusion:  Children with ASD, when compared to children who did not have ASD, had a higher occurrence of dental trauma

Botulism in Cattle Associated with Osteophagy in the State of Acre, Brazil

Background:Botulism is a non-febrile intoxication resulting from the ingestion of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins manifested by partial or complete flaccid paralysis of the musculature of locomotion, swallowing and respiration. The objective of this study was to report the first case of botulinum intoxication associated with osteopathy in the state of Acre, as well as to alert breeders and veterinarians to the incidence of this disease in cattle farming.Case: The present report is an outbreak of botulism in the municipality of Acrelândia, in the state of Acre, which resulted in the death of 16 Nelore beef cattle in approximately 30 days. The affected animals were females in reproductive phase maintained under extensive breeding system. The main clinical signs presented were weakness in the pelvic limbs, prostration, recumbency and death in less than 48 hours. Only one animal, with similar symptomatology, was found alive and submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, but without success. During the necropsy of this bovine, no significant changes were found, only related to the decubitus and agony time, except for fragments of long bones visualized in the reticulum. Samples of bone particles, ruminal contents, reticulum, rumen and intestine fragments were collected for the detection of botulinum toxins by the mouse bioassay method, as well as brain and brain stem for differential diagnosis of rabies and bovine spongiform encephalopathy by direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The samples were sent to the Laboratory of General Bacteriology of the Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, and all the analyzes presented negative results.Discussion: One of the main risk factors for the occurrence of botulinum toxin is the presence of carcasses in the pastures, added to the deficiency of phosphorus and other minerals. The cattle develop the habit of gnawing bones and tissues from dead animals in the field. With this exercise, animals can ingest pre-formed toxins in corpses, as decomposing remains offer an anaerobic environment conducive to spore development and toxin production. Bovine females, in breeding, present greater nutritional need than adult males and younger animals. This is because the reproductive phase increases the demands of minerals, vitamins and organic compounds that participate in the female's reproductive physiological process. In this case, the inadequate supply of minerals may stimulate the osteopagic practice of cadaveric remains in the pastures, making the bovids susceptible to botulism. Diagnosis is established by means of clinical signs, epidemiological characteristics and absence of specific anatomopathological findings. Confirmation is given by the isolation of the toxin in the body of the diseased animal. However, the lack of detection of this does not rule out the possibility of occurrence of the disease, in view of the rapid passage of the neurotoxin through the hematogenous route and through the tissues before reaching the neuromuscular junctions. In suspect cases, it is important to perform a differential diagnosis for other diseases that demonstrate clinical symptoms of neurological or acute neuromuscular character. The description of this outbreak, besides exposing the first notification of botulism in the state of Acre, shows the epidemiological relationship between the main risk factors and the occurrence of the disease in the Brazilian herds