Food Sovereignty and Territory: The Domestic Production Unit as a Basic Premise

AbstractWhile in the current economic model problems of poverty and hunger are still not resolved, in Mexico there are about 63 million people (CONEVAL, 2014), public policies should aim to strengthen the production units which, by their economic and organizational nature, they are more likely to produce cheap food for local final consumers and the same housed units allow reproduction of a huge population. In this article, it is exposed the progress of the research entitled Domestic production unit on food sovereignty: case study of localities with highest level of rurality in Jalisco, guided by the overall objective of generating information on domestic unit of production to assist in the development of a theoretical model that provides indicators on how to achieve food sovereignty in Mexico. This research is based on the hypothesis that strengthening the domestic unit of production is the basic premise to achieve food sovereignty. In this article results are shown of analysis of the relationship between the domestic unit of production and food sovereignty, to determine the conceptual criteria, their variables and indicators to develop tools and instruments methodological basis necessary to obtain the data for analysis, diagnosis and generation of information: results of analysis the existing theory and interviews with 38 domestic unit of production located in two municipalities with high rurality, Cuquío and San Cristóbal de la Barranca, located in the Central region of Jalisco, México

Cambios demográficos y sociales en la frontera norte de México : familia y mercados de trabajo

El artículo parte de las hipótesis y de los primeros resultados de un proyecto de investigación franco-mexicano sobre familia y mercados de trabajo en la frontera norte de México, iniciado en el año 1991 y desarrollado en El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Tijuana). Es una síntesis sobre el estado actual del conocimiento en estos temas y una reflexión sobre el sistema demográfico de la frontera caracterizado por su singularidad.L'article parteix de les hipòtesis i dels primers resultats d'un projecte d'investigació francomexicà sobre família i mercats de treball a la frontera nord de Mèxic, iniciat l'any 1991 i que s'ha anat desenvolupant en El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Tijuana). Esdevé una síntesi sobre l'estat actual del coneixement en aquests temes i una reflexió sobre el sistema demogràfic de la frontera caracteritzat per la seva singularitat.L'article se fonde dans les hypothèses et les prémiers résultats d'un projet de recherche franco-mexicain autour de la famille et le marché du travail à la la rfontière nord du Mexique, initié au 1991 et lequel a été développé à El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Tijuana). Il déviens une synthèse de l'état actuel des connaissances dans ce thème et une reflexion autour les systèmes démographiques de la frontière caracterisés par leur singularité.This article is based on the hypotheses and initial results of a joint French-Mexican research project on the family and the labour market. Research began in 1991 in El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (Tijuana). It consists of a svnthesis of the present state of the findings on these topics, and some comments on the unique demographic system of the frontier area

Neural visualization of network traffic data for intrusion detection

This study introduces and describes a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) called MOVCIDS (mobile visualization connectionist IDS). This system applies neural projection architectures to detect anomalous situations taking place in a computer network. By its advanced visualization facilities, the proposed IDS allows providing an overview of the network traffic as well as identifying anomalous situations tackled by computer networks, responding to the challenges presented by volume, dynamics and diversity of the traffic, including novel (0-day) attacks. MOVCIDS provides a novel point of view in the field of IDSs by enabling the most interesting projections (based on the fourth order statistics; the kurtosis index) of a massive traffic dataset to be extracted. These projections are then depicted through a functional and mobile visualization interface, providing visual information of the internal structure of the traffic data. The interface makes MOVCIDS accessible from any mobile device to give more accessibility to network administrators, enabling continuous visualization, monitoring and supervision of computer networks. Additionally, a novel testing technique has been developed to evaluate MOVCIDS and other IDSs employing numerical datasets. To show the performance and validate the proposed IDS, it has been tested in different real domains containing several attacks and anomalous situations. In addition, the importance of the temporal dimension on intrusion detection, and the ability of this IDS to process it, are emphasized in this workJunta de Castilla and Leon project BU006A08, Business intelligence for production within the framework of the Instituto Tecnologico de Cas-tilla y Leon (ITCL) and the Agencia de Desarrollo Empresarial (ADE), and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Innovation project CIT-020000-2008-2. The authors would also like to thank the vehicle interior manufacturer, Grupo Antolin Ingenieria S. A., within the framework of the project MAGNO2008-1028-CENIT Project funded by the Spanish Government

Clustering extension of MOVICAB-IDS to distinguish intrusions in flow-based data

Much effort has been devoted to research on intrusion detection (ID) in recent years because intrusion strategies and technologies are constantly and quickly evolving. As an innovative solution based on visualization, MObile VIsualisation Connectionist Agent-Based IDS was previously proposed, conceived as a hybrid-intelligent ID System. It was designed to analyse continuous network data at a packet level and is extended in present paper for the analysis of flow-based traffic data. By incorporating clustering techniques to the original proposal, network flows are investigated trying to identify different types of attacks. The analysed real-life data (the well-known dataset from the University of Twente) come from a honeypot directly connected to the Internet (thus ensuring attack-exposure) and is analysed by means of clustering and neural techniques, individually and in conjunction. Promising results are obtained, proving the validity of the proposed extension for the analysis of network flow dat

Iniciativas presentadas en la LVII legislatura del Estado ed México y su trámite en el sistema de comiciones: análisis partidista

En los anexos se encuentra un resúmen de labor Legislativa por Grupo Parlamentario y Poder EjecutivoLa presente investigación parte de la necesidad de las instituciones legislativas enmarcada en la naturaleza de su labor, sin embargo en la actualidad de México, la labor legislativa parecería estar despertando de un letargo, el cual el contexto de la política democrática del país se había visto minimizado por el Poder Ejecutivo, en este punto se analizará la negociación política de los grupos parlamentarios, intentando medir el poder de negociación a partir del poder que tiene cada partido político de convertir una iniciativa en una realidad. Las iniciativas deben transitar por un proceso que puede ser tan largo o tan corto en la medida que el partido político que la inicia pueda abrirle paso a través de la negociación legislativa y la construcción de acuerdos, generalmente reflejado en el poder de negociación creciente otorgado a los partidos políticos con cada escaño que han logrado ganar en el juego electoral. Parece ser natural que el partido político que gane más escaños legislativos logre tener en definitiva un poder de negociación mayor, debido a que la sociedad le entrego el respaldo a sus ideologías mediante la mayoría de los votos y por ende la capacidad de decidir sobre temas fundamentales imponiendo un voto a favor de la postura partidista

Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots: A Case Study of Analysing Foreign Direct Investment

The curse of dimensionality has been an open issue for many years and still is, as finding nonobvious and previously unknown patterns in ever-increasing amounts of high-dimensional data is not an easy task. Advancing in descriptive data analysis, the present paper proposes Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots (HUEPs) as a new visualization technique to combine the outputs of Exploratory Projection Pursuit and Clustering methods in a novel and informative way. As a case study, HUEPs are validated in a real-world context for analysing the internationalization strategy of companies, by taking into account bilateral distance between home and host countries. As a multifaceted concept, distance encompasses multiple dimensions. Together with data from both the countries and the companies, various psychic distances are analysed by means of HUEPs, to gain deep knowledge of the internationalization strategy of large Spanish companies. Informative visualizations are obtained from the analysed dataset, leading to useful business implications and decision making.The work was conducted during Álvaro Herrero’s research stay at KEDGE Business School in Bordeaux (France). Some results of this ongoing research, from the same dataset, have been presented in the 13th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications, as a paper entitled “Visualizing Industrial Development Distance to Better Understand Internationalization of Spanish Companies”

Pérdida de soberanía alimentaria: una faceta actual de los países subdesarrollados.

In the current phase of the world economy - globalization - underdeveloped countries are moving even further away from achieving robust, sustainable, supportable, and balanced economic growth among the economic sectors and regions of their territories, which would allow them to reduce poverty and create societies with fewer inequalities. Underdevelopment has increased in these regions due to various economic and political causes, which, moreover, tend to perpetuate themselves. The objective of this article is to explain that one of these causes is the loss of the capacity to feed their populations with internal resources. The methods of study were comparative and deductive, to find common characteristics and to identify trends; historical-logical to address the background; and, based on the analysis of various sources of information, a framework of four variables of the causes of the non-existence of food sovereignty in underdeveloped countries was prepared ex profeso. The research found that two thirds of underdeveloped countries lack food self-sufficiency, a situation that forces them to depend on the purchase of food from the external market, where interests of large transnational agribusiness corporations prevail, which has the effect of gradually distancing them from food sovereignty, as they lack the power to decide on the food of their peoples. The main conclusion is that food insufficiency is no longer a temporary or transitory condition, but a structural or permanent one (exacerbated by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic), which is yet another obstacle to the development of these countries. Modifying this situation requires a complete change in the policies of the governments of underdeveloped countries, which have given priority to agribusiness and food security based on imports, abandoning self-sufficiency and deepening food dependence; in addition, leaving small farmers without support, who, even with their limited resources and very few incentives, are the mainstay of world food supply, generating more than 80 percent of the planet’s food.  Los países subdesarrollados en la fase actual de la economía mundial -la globalización- se apartan aún más de conseguir un robusto crecimiento económico, sostenible, sustentable y equilibrado, entre los sectores económicos y las regiones de sus territorios, que les permita reducir la pobreza y conformar sociedades con menores desigualdades. El subdesarrollo se ha acrecentado en ellos por diversas causas económicas y políticas que, además, tienden a perpetuarse. El objetivo del artículo es explicar que, una de esas causas, es la pérdida de la capacidad de alimentar a su población con recursos internos. Los métodos del estudio fueron el comparativo y deductivo, para encontrar características comunes e identificar tendencias; el histórico-lógico para abordar los antecedentes; y, con base en el análisis de diversas fuentes de información, se diseñó un marco de cuatro variables de las causas de la inexistencia de soberanía alimentaria en los países subdesarrollados. Con la investigación se encontró que dos terceras partes de los países subdesarrollados carecen de autosuficiencia alimentaria, situación que los obliga a depender de la compra de alimentos en el mercado externo, donde prevalecen los intereses de grandes corporaciones agroalimentarias transnacionales, lo que tiene como efecto un paulatino alejamiento de la soberanía alimentaria, al carecer del poder de decisión sobre la alimentación de sus pueblos. La principal conclusión es que la insuficiencia alimentaria es una condición que ha dejado de ser coyuntural o transitoria para volverse estructural o permanente (exacerbada por las consecuencias de la pandemia por COVID-19), lo que constituye una traba más para el desarrollo de esos países. Modificar esta situación requiere un viraje completo de las políticas de los gobiernos de los países subdesarrollados que han dado prioridad a las agroempresas y a la seguridad alimentaria, basada en importaciones, abandonando la autosuficiencia y profundizando la dependencia alimentaria; además, dejando sin apoyo a los pequeños agricultores, los que aún con sus limitados recursos y muy pocos estímulos, son la base primordial de la alimentación mundial, al generar más de 80 por ciento de los alimentos del planeta.

Unsupervised neural models for country and political risk analysis

This interdisciplinary research project focuses on relevant applications of Knowledge Discovery and Artificial Neural Networks in order to identify and analyze levels of country, business and political risk. Its main goal is to help business decision-makers understand the dynamics within the emerging market countries in which they operate. Most of the neural models applied in this study are defined within the framework of unsupervised learning. They are based on Exploratory Projection Pursuit, Topology Preserving Maps and Curvilinear Component Analysis. Two interesting real data sets are analyzed to empirically probe the robustness of these models. The first case study describes information from a significant sample of Spanish multinational enterprises (MNEs). It analyses data pertaining to such aspects as decisions over the location of subsidiary enterprises in various regions across the world, the importance accorded to such decisions and the driving forces behind them. Through a projection-based analysis, this study reveals a range of different reasons underlying the internationalization strategies of Spanish MNEs and the different goals they pursue. It may be concluded that projection connectionist techniques are of immense assistance in the process of identifying the internationalization strategies of Spanish MNEs, their underlying motives and the goals they pursue. The second case study covers several risk categories that include task policy, security, and political stability among others, and it tracks the scores of different countries all over the world. Interesting conclusions are drawn from the application of several business intelligence solutions based on neural projection models, which support data analysis in the context of country and political risk analysisAlfredo Jimenez Palmero is grateful for the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the FPU programme. This research has been partially supported through the Junta of Castilla and Leon under project BU006A08; the Spanish Ministry of Education and Innovation under project CIT-020000-2008-2 and CIT-020000-2009-12. The authors would also like to thank the vehicle interior manufacturer, Grupo Antolin Ingenieria S.A., under project MAGNO2008-1028.- CENIT Project funded by the Spanish Government

Endoscopic Cryosurgical Resection of Pulmonary Hamartoma with Flexible Bronchoscopy

Pulmonary hamartoma is one of the most common benign lung tumors. Well-known conventional methods of treatment for lung hamartomas include VATS enucleation or wedge resection, bronchoplasty, and others. Here we present a case of endobronchial hamartoma that was successfully treated with cryosurgery by flexible bronchoscopy

RT-MOVICAB-IDS: Addressing real-time intrusion detection

This study presents a novel Hybrid Intelligent Intrusion Detection System (IDS) known as RT-MOVICAB-IDS that incorporates temporal control. One of its main goals is to facilitate real-time Intrusion Detection, as accurate and swift responses are crucial in this field, especially if automatic abortion mechanisms are running. The formulation of this hybrid IDS combines Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) within a Multi-Agent System (MAS) to detect intrusions in dynamic computer networks. Temporal restrictions are imposed on this IDS, in order to perform real/execution time processing and assure system response predictability. Therefore, a dynamic real-time multi-agent architecture for IDS is proposed in this study, allowing the addition of predictable agents (both reactive and deliberative). In particular, two of the deliberative agents deployed in this system incorporate temporal-bounded CBR. This upgraded CBR is based on an anytime approximation, which allows the adaptation of this Artificial Intelligence paradigm to real-time requirements. Experimental results using real data sets are presented which validate the performance of this novel hybrid IDSMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (TIN2010-21272-C02-01, TIN2009-13839-C03-01), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CIT-020000-2008-2, CIT-020000-2009-12