Etnografía de la Andalucía Occidental

Sin resume

Distribución vertical de la macrofauna en sedimentos contaminados del interior del puerto de Ceuta

Se ha estudiado la distribución vertical de la macrofauna y su relación con las variables fisicoquímicas de los sedimentos contaminados del puerto de Ceuta. La obtención de las muestras se llevó a cabo mediante buceo con escafandra autónoma y empleando instrumentos de muestreo tipo core (10 cm × 17 cm × 35 cm), diferenciándose las siguientes profundidades en la columna de sedimento: 0-2 cm, 2-5 cm, 5-10 cm y más de 10 cm. Los crustáceos Pariambus typicus Kröyer, 1844; Apseudes latreilli Milne-Edwards, 1820; Corophium runcicorne Della Valle, 1893; C. sextonae Crawford, 1937; el molusco Parvicardium exiguum (Gmelin, 1791) y los poliquetos Pseudomalacoceros tridentata (Southern, 1914) y Exogone verrugera Cleparede, 1868 se localizaron en los dos primeros centímetros de sedimento, mientras que el molusco Loripes lacteus (L., 1758) y los poliquetos Platynereis dumerilii Audouin y Milne-Edwards, 1833; Cirratulus cirratus (Muller, 1776) y Cirriformia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) dominaron en los niveles más profundos, observándose el incremento en el tamaño de los individuos con el aumento de la profundidad. Los análisis multivariantes reflejaron que el porcentaje de pelitas, la materia orgánica total y, especialmente, la relación lípidos malténicos/lípidos asfalténicos, fueron los principales factores condicionantes de la distribución vertical de las especies en el sedimento.Vertical distribution of the macrofauna in polluted sediments from the harbour of Ceuta Vertical distribution of the macrofauna and its relationship with physico-chemical parameters were studied in polluted sediments from the harbour of Ceuta. The samples were collected with cores (10 cm × 17 cm × 35 cm) by scuba divers. The following depths in the sediment column were included in the study: 0-2 cm, 2- 5 cm, 5-10 cm and more than 10 cm. The crustaceans Pariambus typicus Kröyer, 1844; Apseudes latreilli Milne-Edwards, 1820; Corophium runcicorne Della Valle, 1893; C. sextonae Crawford, 1937; the mollusc Parvicardium exiguum (Gmelin, 1791), and the polychaetes Pseudomalacoceros tridentata (Southern, 1914) and Exogone verrugera Cleparede, 1868 were found in the first 2 cm of the sediment, whereas the mollusc Loripes lacteus (L., 1758) and the polychaetes Platynereis dumerilii Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833; Cirratulus cirratus (Muller, 1776) and Cirriformia tentaculata (Montagu, 1808) were dominant in deeper strata, and size increased with depth. A multivariate analysis showed that the percentage of silt and clays, the total organic matter, and especially, the maltenes/asphaltenes ratio, were the main factors affecting species’ vertical distribution

Crystal science fundamentals

The fundamentals of crystal science notably crystallography, crystal chemistry, crystal defects, crystal morphology and the surface chemistry of crystals are introduced with particular emphasis on organic crystals

Optimized Spectral Energy Distribution for Seyfert Galaxies

The temperature predicted by photoionization models for the Narrow Line Region of Seyfert 2 galaxies is lower than the value inferred from the observed [O III] {\lambda}4363A/{\lambda}5007A line ratio. We explore the possibility of considering a harder ionizing continuum than typically assumed. The spectral ionizing energy distribution, which can generate the observed {\lambda}4363A/{\lambda}5007A ratio, is characterized by a secondary continuum peak at 200 eV.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Revista Mexicana de Astronom\'ia y Astrof\'isic

Metodología cartográfica submarina orientada a la gestión y conservación del medio litoral: mapa de las comunidades bentónicas del frente litoral norte del estrecho de Gibraltar

La cartografía de las comunidades bentónicas es esencial, actualmente, para promover actuaciones eficientes de uso, gestión y conservación de las zonas litorales, especialmente en el ámbito de grandes espacios litorales protegidos. En cada uno de éstos, la cartografía resulta determinante para la elaboración de un mapa de zonificación de usos, condicionado, en gran medida, por los distintos valores ecológicos que puedan asignarse a las diferentes comunidades bentónicas establecidas y a sus distribuciones geográficas locales. La metodología utilizada en la elaboración del mapa de las comunidades bentónicas del estrecho de Gibraltar (en el intervalo batimétrico 0-30 m y de 40 km de extensión litoral aproximada), dada la complejidad que reviste este tipo de objetivos, supone una aproximación a la cartografía de la biota sésil sumergida, en tramos litorales amplios contenidos en áreas protegidas. Se han combinado, mediante superposición de información, datos físicos de batimetría y tipos de fondo, obtenidos mediante técnicas acústicas y convenientemente cartografiados, con datos biológicos de las comunidades bentónicas, obtenidos en campaña intensiva de buceo científico (con la toma de imágenes en sustrato duro, para su ulterior análisis) y mediante dragado (con registros de granulometría y fauna endobentónica en sustrato blando). La información ha sido georreferenciada adecuadamente para su introducción, como capas independientes, en un sistema de información geográfica (SIG).The cartography of benthic communities is, today, essential to promoting adequate strategies for the use, management and conservation of littoral areas, especially if they are large protected zones. In each zone, cartography is necessary to elaborate a management zoning map, depending on the ecological value of the different benthic communities established and on the local geographical distribution. The methodology used in the elaboration of a map including the benthic communities of the Straits of Gibraltar (0-30 m depth; 40 km of littoral extension), in spite of the complexity of these kinds of objectives, represents an approach to the cartography of the submarine sessile biota of large littoral zones of protected ar- eas. The present study combines physical data (bathymetry and type of substrate), collected using acoustic techniques, and biological data (benthic communities), collected during an intensive sampling programme using scuba (hard bottom: image analysis) and dredging (soft bottom: granulometry and benthic fauna). The information has been geoindexed to be inserted, as different layers, into a Geographic Information System (GIS)

Senecavirus A seroprevalence and risk factors in United States pig farms

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family. Senecavirus A is constantly associated with outbreaks of vesicular disease in pigs and has been reported in several countries since its first large-scale outbreak in 2014. Senecavirus A's clinical disease and lesions are indistinguishable from other vesicular foreign animal diseases (FAD). Therefore, an FAD investigation needs to be conducted for every SVA case. For this reason, SVA has been attributed as the cause of an alarming increase in the number of yearly FAD investigations performed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of SVA antibodies in breeding and growing pig farms in the United States and to determine the farm-level risk factors associated with seropositivity. A total of 5,794 blood samples were collected from 98 and 95 breeding and growing pig farms in 17 states. A farm characteristics questionnaire was sent to all farms, to which 80% responded. The responses were used to conduct logistic regression analyses to assess the risk factors associated with SVA seropositivity. The estimated farm-level seroprevalences were 17.3% and 7.4% in breeding and growing pig farms, respectively. Breeding farms had 2.64 times higher odds of SVA seropositivity than growing pig farms. One key risk factor identified in breeding farms was the practice of rendering dead animal carcasses. However, the adoption of a higher number of farm biosecurity measures was associated with a protective effect against SVA seropositivity in breeding farms

Senecavirus A seroprevalence and risk factors in United States pig farms

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family. Senecavirus A is constantly associated with outbreaks of vesicular disease in pigs and has been reported in several countries since its first large-scale outbreak in 2014. Senecavirus A’s clinical disease and lesions are indistinguishable from other vesicular foreign animal diseases (FAD). Therefore, an FAD investigation needs to be conducted for every SVA case. For this reason, SVA has been attributed as the cause of an alarming increase in the number of yearly FAD investigations performed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of SVA antibodies in breeding and growing pig farms in the United States and to determine the farm-level risk factors associated with seropositivity. A total of 5,794 blood samples were collected from 98 and 95 breeding and growing pig farms in 17 states. A farm characteristics questionnaire was sent to all farms, to which 80% responded. The responses were used to conduct logistic regression analyses to assess the risk factors associated with SVA seropositivity. The estimated farm-level seroprevalences were 17.3% and 7.4% in breeding and growing pig farms, respectively. Breeding farms had 2.64 times higher odds of SVA seropositivity than growing pig farms. One key risk factor identified in breeding farms was the practice of rendering dead animal carcasses. However, the adoption of a higher number of farm biosecurity measures was associated with a protective eect against SVA seropositivity in breeding farms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cost of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus at individual farm level – An economic disease model

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is reported to be among the diseases with the highest economic impact in modern pig production worldwide. Yet, the economic impact of the disease at farm level is not well understood as, especially in endemically infected pig herds, losses are often not obvious. It is therefore difficult for farmers and veterinarians to appraise whether control measures such as virus elimination or vaccination will be economically beneficial for their farm. Thus, aim of this study was to develop an epidemiological and economic model to determine the costs of PRRS for an individual pig farm. In a production model that simulates farm outputs, depending on farm type, farrowing rhythm or length of suckling period, an epidemiological model was integrated. In this, the impact of PRRS infection on health and productivity was estimated. Financial losses were calculated in a gross margin analysis and a partial budget analysis based on the changes in health and production parameters assumed for different PRRS disease severities. Data on the effects of endemic infection on reproductive performance, morbidity and mortality, daily weight gain, feed efficiency and treatment costs were obtained from literature and expert opinion. Nine different disease scenarios were calculated, in which a farrow-to-finish farm (1000 sows) was slightly, moderately or severely affected by PRRS, based on changes in health and production parameters, and either in breeding, in nursery and fattening or in all three stages together. Annual losses ranged from a median of € 75′724 (90% confidence interval (C.I.): € 78′885–€ 122′946), if the farm was slightly affected in nursery and fattening, to a median of € 650′090 (90% C.I. € 603′585–€ 698′379), if the farm was severely affected in all stages. Overall losses were slightly higher if breeding was affected than if nursery and fattening were affected. In a herd moderately affected in all stages, median losses in breeding were € 46′021 and € 422′387 in fattening, whereas costs were € 25′435 lower in nursery, compared with a PRRSV-negative farm. The model is a valuable decision-support tool for farmers and veterinarians if a farm is proven to be affected by PRRS (confirmed by laboratory diagnosis). The output can help to understand the need for interventions in case of significant impact on the profitability of their enterprise. The model can support veterinarians in their communication to farmers in cases where costly disease control measures are justified

Balance training reduces fear of falling and improves dynamic balance and isometric strength in institutionalised older people: A randomised trial

Question What is the effect of a balance training protocol with the Biodex Balance System in institutionalised older people with fear of falling? Design Randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation and assessor blinding. Participants Forty older people who lived in a nursing home and had fear of falling. Intervention The experimental group completed a 12-week balance training protocol based on balancing/rebalancing training with the Biodex Balance System, with two sessions per week. During the training period, participants in both groups received the same multidisciplinary care (such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy and nursing) that they usually received in the nursing home. Outcome measures The primary outcome was fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale International questionnaire). Secondary outcomes were dynamic balance (Fall Risk Test) and isometric strength (torque of knee flexor and extensor isometric strength measured with an isokinetic dynamometer). Outcome measures were taken before and after the training program protocol. Results Compared to the control group, the exercise group had significantly greater improvements at 12 weeks in fear of falling (by 8 points, 95% CI 4 to 12), in dynamic balance (by 2 degrees, 95% CI 1 to 3), and in isometric strength of the knee flexors (by 7 Nm, 95% CI 3 to 11) and knee extensors (by 7 Nm, 95% CI 1 to 13). Conclusion The training program was feasible and effective in reducing fear of falling and improving dynamic balance and isometric strength in institutionalised older people with fear of falling. Trial registration ISRCTN21695765