Do Concentration Cells Store Charge in Water? Comment on Can Water Store Charge?

In a recent article, Ovchinnikova and Pollack (O&P)(1) reported that the persistent pH gradients (>100 min after electrolysis) generated upon charging a simple electrolytic cell (Pt electrodes in dilute aqueous NaCl solutions) imply that “water can store charge”, in apparent violation of the principle of electroneutrality in bulk macroscopic fluid phases

Case report: optical biopsy in HPV6 lesion

The optical biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that performs an analysis of the tissue with an optical system that allows reaching a result without extracting the sample (excisional biopsy) from the body tissue. Particularly, we are making spectrofluorometry (SFM) observations in loci lesions and healthy surrounding areas. The tissue is accessed through the body surface, including the analysis of the skin itself or mucosal surface, or by endoscope into any cavity. We have found spectral similarities in the detection of infectious diseases of their natural spectral fluorescence. Specifically, in the analyzed cases of DNA-HPV+ patients, we observed in all of their fluorescence spectra the same type of relevant peaks. So, we present here the SFM observation of HPV6 infected hard palate case. In addition, we show in this case the positive reaction images after the topication with 3-5% acetic acid as it occurs in the cervix uterine lesion.Fil: Corti, Maria Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Poteca, Horacio. Instituto Médico Mater Dei. Centro Médico Láser; ArgentinaFil: Garavaglia, Mario Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas; Argentin

Diffusion-viscosity decoupling in supercooled glycerol aqueous solutions

The diffusion of ferrocene methanol in supercooled glycerol-water mixtures has been measured over a wide viscosity range, which allowed analyzing the composition dependence of the Stokes-Einstein breakdown (diffusion-viscosity decoupling). The observed decoupling exhibits a common behavior for all studied compositions (glycerol mass fractions between 0.7 and 0.9), determined by the reduced temperature (T/Tg) of the mixtures. This result differs from that reported previously for the diffusion of glycerol in its aqueous solutions, where the reduced temperature for the decoupling decreases with increasing water content. We conclude that the contradictory results are only apparent, and they can be explained by the use of inconsistent extrapolated values of the viscosity of the glycerol-water mixtures in the supercooled region. (Figure Presented).Fil: Trejo González, José Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Longinotti, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Corti, Horacio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentin

Pressure-induced transformations in LiCl–H2O at 77 K

A systematic study of the properties of high-density amorphous ice (HDA) in the presence of increasing amounts of salt is missing, especially because it is challenging to avoid ice crystallization upon cooling the pressurized liquid. In order to be able to study HDA also in the presence of small amounts of salt, we have investigated the transformation behaviour of quenched aqueous LiCl solutions (mole fraction x 1 GPa. The observed densification is consistent with the idea that a freeze concentrated LiCl solution of x = 0.14 (R = 6) segregates, which transforms to the glassy state upon cooling, and that the densification is only due to the Ih → HDA transition. Also the XRD patterns and DSC scans are almost unaffected by the presence of the segregated glassy LiCl solution. Upon heating at ambient pressure HDA experiences the polyamorphic transition to low-density amorphous ice (LDA) at ∼120 K, even at x ∼ 0.10. Based on the latent heat evolved in the transition we suggest that almost all water in the sample transforms to an LDA-like state, even the water in the vicinity of the ions. The glassy LiCl solution acts as a spectator that does not shift the transformation temperature significantly and experiences a glass-to-liquid transition at ∼140 K prior to the crystallization to cubic ice. By contrast, at x > 0.12 the phenomenology completely changes and is now dominated by the salt. Hexagonal ice no longer forms upon quenching the LiCl solution, but instead LDA forms. A broad pressure-induced transformation at >0.6 GPa can be attributed to the densification of LDA, the glassy LiCl solution and/or glassy hydrates.Fil: Ruiz, G. N.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentina. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Bove, L. E.. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; SuizaFil: Corti, Horacio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Loerting, T.. Universidad de Innsbruck; Austri

Las restricciones presupuestarias en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia argentina

En muchas ocasiones los Estados alegan que carecen de recursos financieros para justificar lesiones de derechos fundamentales o el incumplimiento de estándares constitucionales. La situación adquiere más intensidad en épocas de crisis cuando se implementan planes de ajuste o medidas de austeridad. Las reducciones de gasto público afectan sustancialmente a los derechos fundamentales sociales. Este trabajo se centra en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de la Argentina donde el tribunal, desde la década del noventa, examinó críticamente la defensa del Estado basada en sus restricciones presupuestarias. Se examina también brevemente la jurisprudencia estadounidense que se remonta al inicio de los años setenta y que puede verse como antecedente de algunas decisiones argentinas. A partir de los casos examinados se propone una clasificación de cuatro modelos de control judicial de las restricciones presupuestarias, que puede permitir presentar de forma racional la experiencia judicial comparada: fuerte (basado en la primacía de los derechos fundamentales), semifuerte, moderado y un último modelo basado en la autolimitación judicial.------------------------------------------------------------------------Many times States claim that they lack of economic resources in order to justify their infringements on fundamental rights and also to break constitutional standards. The situation becomes more intense in times of economic crisis when the Governments implement adjustment programmes or austerity measures. Reductions in public spending substantially affect fundamental social rights. This paper focuses on the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Argentina, which critically examined the argument of the State based on its budgetary constraints since the 90¿s. It also briefly covers US jurisprudence dating back to the early 1970¿s which can be seen as the antecedent of some Argentine rulings. Based on the analyzed cases, a classification of four models of judicial control on budgetary constraints is proposed, which may allow a rational way to show the judicial practice in both States: strong (based on the primacy of fundamental rights), semi-strong, moderate and one last model based on judicial self-restraintArtículo revisado por pare

Claves para una reforma constitucional en materia financiera y tributaria: un aporte al proceso constituyente chileno

L'assaig exposa, breument, les qüestions bàsiques que hauria de tenir en compte un procés de reforma constitucional (com el que es porta endavant actualment a Xile) sobre el dret financer i tributari. La proposta es basa en la tradició constitucional (occidental i regional) sobre la matèria, té en compte els desafiaments que planteja l'actualitat global i, en fi, es basa en un nou paradigma financer i tributari: la teoria general de la constitució financera. Es proposa en primer lloc, conforme una tendència present tant a l'Argentina com a Mèxic, la constitucionalització del Dret Internacional dels Drets Humans, qüestió clau en la mesura en què aquest té enormes efectes jurídics sobre la política fiscal. Després, es proposa una definició de Constitució Financera, així com una enumeració dels seus elements, que pot utilitzar-se com a guia per a la reforma constitucional: una sèrie de tècniques financeres; el deure de contribuir sobre la base de la capacitat contributiva; un conjunt de principis (clàssics, com la reserva de llei, i contemporanis, com la transparència); una sèrie d'atribucions de competències i procediments (que dissenyen un marc institucional bàsic), i eventuals òrgans financers específics (per exemple dedicats al control o a la coordinació financera territorial).The essay briefly exposes the basic issues that a constitutional reform process (such as the one currently being carried out in Chile) on financial and tax law would have to take into account. The proposal is based on the constitutional tradition (Western and regional) on the matter, takes into account the challenges posed by global current affairs and, finally, is based on a new financial and tax paradigm: the general theory of financial constitution. In the first place, according to a trend present in both Argentina and Mexico, the constitutionalizing of International Human Rights Law is proposed, a key issue insofar as it has enormous legal effects on fiscal policy. Then, a definition of Financial Constitution is proposed, as well as an enumeration of its elements, which can be used as a guide for constitutional reform: a series of financial techniques; the duty to contribute based on the contributory capacity; a set of principles (classical, such as legal reserve, and contemporary, such as transparency); a series of attributions of powers and procedures (which design a basic institutional framework), and eventual specific financial public bodies (for example dedicated to territorial financial control or coordination).El ensayo expone, brevemente, las cuestiones básicas que tendría que tener en cuenta un proceso de reforma constitucional (como el que se lleva adelante actualmente en Chile) sobre el derecho financiero y tributario. La propuesta se basa en la tradición constitucional (occidental y regional) sobre la materia, tiene en cuenta los desafíos que plantea la actualidad global y, en fin, se basa en un nuevo paradigma financiero y tributario: la teoría general de la constitución financiera. Se propone en primer lugar, conforme una tendencia presente tanto en Argentina como en México, la constitucionalización del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, cuestión clave en la medida en que éste tiene enormes efectos jurídicos sobre la política fiscal. Luego, se propone una definición de Constitución Financiera, así como una enumeración de sus elementos, que puede utilizarse como guía para la reforma constitucional: una serie de técnicas financieras; el deber de contribuir sobre la base de la capacidad contributiva; un conjunto de principios (clásicos, como la reserva de ley, y contemporáneos, como la transparencia); una serie de atribuciones de competencias y procedimientos (que diseñan un marco institucional básico), y eventuales órganos financieros específicos (por ejemplo dedicados al control o a la coordinación financiera territorial)

Calorimetric study of water's two glass transitions in the presence of LiCl

A DSC study of dilute glassy LiCl aqueous solutions in the water-dominated regime provides direct evidence of a glass-to-liquid transition in expanded high density amorphous (eHDA)-type solutions. Similarly, low density amorphous ice (LDA) exhibits a glass transition prior to crystallization to ice Ic. Both glass transition temperatures are independent of the salt concentration, whereas the magnitude of the heat capacity increase differs. By contrast to pure water, the glass transition endpoint for LDA can be accessed in LiCl aqueous solutions above 0.01 mole fraction. Furthermore, we also reveal the endpoint for HDA's glass transition, solving the question on the width of both glass transitions. This suggests that both equilibrated HDL and LDL can be accessed in dilute LiCl solutions, supporting the liquid-liquid transition scenario to understand water's anomalies.Fil: Ruiz, Guadalupe N.. Universidad de Innsbruck; Austria. Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya; EspañaFil: Amann Winkel, Katrin. AlbaNova University Center; Suecia. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Bove, Livia E.. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Corti, Horacio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Loerting, Thomas. Universidad de Innsbruck; Austri

Case report: optical biopsy in HPV6 lesion

The optical biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that performs an analysis of the tissue with an optical system that allows reaching a result without extracting the sample (excisional biopsy) from the body tissue. Particularly, we are making spectrofluorometry (SFM) observations in loci lesions and healthy surrounding areas. The tissue is accessed through the body surface, including the analysis of the skin itself or mucosal surface, or by endoscope into any cavity. We have found spectral similarities in the detection of infectious diseases of their natural spectral fluorescence. Specifically, in the analyzed cases of DNA-HPV+ patients, we observed in all of their fluorescence spectra the same type of relevant peaks. So, we present here the SFM observation of HPV6 infected hard palate case. In addition, we show in this case the positive reaction images after the topication with 3-5% acetic acid as it occurs in the cervix uterine lesion.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Case report: optical biopsy in HPV6 lesion

The optical biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that performs an analysis of the tissue with an optical system that allows reaching a result without extracting the sample (excisional biopsy) from the body tissue. Particularly, we are making spectrofluorometry (SFM) observations in loci lesions and healthy surrounding areas. The tissue is accessed through the body surface, including the analysis of the skin itself or mucosal surface, or by endoscope into any cavity. We have found spectral similarities in the detection of infectious diseases of their natural spectral fluorescence. Specifically, in the analyzed cases of DNA-HPV+ patients, we observed in all of their fluorescence spectra the same type of relevant peaks. So, we present here the SFM observation of HPV6 infected hard palate case. In addition, we show in this case the positive reaction images after the topication with 3-5% acetic acid as it occurs in the cervix uterine lesion.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Characterization of a monolithic mesoporous carbon as diffusion layer for micro fuel cells application

The preparation and characterization of a monolithic mesoporous carbon structure, which could be used as diffusion layer in PEM and DMPEM micro fuel cells, is described. Several characteristics of the monolithic carbon were studied, such as specific surface area, pore size distribution, bulk electrical resistivity, contact resistance with graphite plates, along with the wettability, imbibition and permeability of methanol aqueous solution. These properties were compared to those reported for commercial carbon paper and carbon cloth materials commonly used as diffusion layers in PEM fuel cells. The electrical properties of the mesoporous carbon meet the requirements to be employed as diffusion layers in PEM stacks assembled at pressures above 15 bar. The rapid spreading and imbibition of concentrated methanol solutions in the mesoporous carbon, as well as the permeability of the aqueous methanol through it, also make this mesostructured carbon a possible candidate for diffusion layer and catalyst support in passive direct methanol micro fuel cells.Fil: Thomas, Yohann. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (CAC). Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada; ArgentinaFil: Bruno, Mariano Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (CAC). Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada; ArgentinaFil: Corti, Horacio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (CAC). Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada; Argentin