Gas and Development: Rural Territorial Dynamics in Tarija, Bolivia

Framed by concepts of territorial project, social coalitions, and scalar relationships, we analyze rural territorial dynamics under conditions of rapid expansion in natural gas extraction. Analyzing recent economic, political, and territorial transformations of Bolivia\u27s gas-rich region, Tarija, we argue that pre-existing territorial projects of a diverse set of subnational and national actors have: (i) shaped the influence of the gas industry on local dynamics; (ii) changed the scale relationships between local communities, the state, and companies; and (iii) mediated the transformation of territories in ways determined by the nature and aspirations of these territorial projects

El liderazgo del director y su incidencia en la Gestión Pedagógica del Instituto Nacional de Santa Teresa “Hermanos Narváez”, localizado en el municipio de Santa Teresa, departamento de Carazo, durante el II semestre del año 2022

El liderazgo es la capacidad de influir en las personas para que se esfuercen voluntaria y entusiastamente en el logro de las metas del grupo. Un buen liderazgo es determinante para lograr los propósitos que resulta fundamentalmente para la calidad educativa, la transformación de la organización y el funcionamiento interno de las escuelas. (Loera, 2021) El título del estudio realizado es “El liderazgo del director y su incidencia en la Gestión Pedagógica del Instituto Nacional de Santa Teresa “Hermanos Narváez”, localizado en el municipio de Santa Teresa, departamento de Carazo, durante el II semestre del año 2022. El objetivo general del trabajo es Analizar el tipo de liderazgo del director y su incidencia en la gestión pedagógica en el Instituto Nacional “Hermanos Narváez”, durante el II semestre del año 2022. Es un estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo y de corte transversal realizado en el segundo semestre del año 2022. Para la realización del estudio se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos de investigación: la entrevista al director, la encuesta a docentes y estudiantes y una guía de observación realizada por el equipo de trabajo, entre los principales resultados obtenidos en el estudio se determinó que el tipo de liderazgo del director es Laissez Faire, porque no tiene un control de los docentes en las entradas y salidas de los mismos. Entre sus fortalezas resalta que como líder pedagógico está pendiente del buen desempeño de los docentes y vela por la calidad de la educación en beneficio de un buen rendimiento académico; entre algunas debilidades está que el director durante la evaluación docente, no evalúa con los elementos correspondientes, además de ser muy permisivo y flexible. En cuanto a la incidencia de la gestión pedagógica en el cumplimiento de metas y objetivos de la institución, lograron alcanzar la meta del 100% en el cumplimiento del programa nacional aprendizaje amigable de las matemáticas para la resolución de problemas, hábito de la lectura y comprensión lectora. Entre las principales conclusiones encontramos: el tipo de liderazgo que ejerce el director en la ejecución de sus funciones administrativas es el liderazgo Laissez Faire, existe poca comunicación entre el director y los docentes, carece de motivación, además de que el director no posee ninguna influencia en su personal docente. Determinamos por consiguiente que las metas y objetivos de la institución no son cumplidos por la falta de liderazgo del director y que la gestión pedagógica es clave para el cumplimiento de la misma ya que ella es el ser y existir de la institución. Se conoció que el director que tiene la capacidad de gestión y organización en el funcionamiento asertivo del centro educativo, sin embargo, no hay cumplimiento de horario laboral tanto de la dirección como del personal docente, generándose un poco cumplimiento del manual de funciones y las normas en el centr

Immunogenic Chemotherapy Sensitizes Tumors to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapies can be extraordinarily effective, but might benefit only the minority of patients whose tumors are pre-infiltrated by T cells. Here, using lung adenocarcinoma mouse models, including genetic models, we show that autochthonous tumors that lacked T cell infiltration and resisted current treatment options could be successfully sensitized to host antitumor T cell immunity when appropriately selected immunogenic drugs (e.g., oxaliplatin combined with cyclophosphamide for treatment against tumors expressing oncogenic Kras and lacking Trp53) were used. The antitumor response was triggered by direct drug actions on tumor cells, relied on innate immune sensing through toll-like receptor 4 signaling, and ultimately depended on CD8 + T cell antitumor immunity. Furthermore, instigating tumor infiltration by T cells sensitized tumors to checkpoint inhibition and controlled cancer durably. These findings indicate that the proportion of cancers responding to checkpoint therapy can be feasibly and substantially expanded by combining checkpoint blockade with immunogenic drugs

A new framework for advancing in Drug-Induced Liver Injury research. The Prospective European DILI Registry

Background & AimsNo multi-national prospective study of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has originated from Europe. The design of a prospective European DILI registry, clinical features and short-term outcomes of the cases and controls is reported.MethodsPatients with suspected DILI were prospectively enrolled in the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Portugal, and Iceland, 2016-2021. DILI cases or non-DILI acute liver injury controls following causality assessment were enrolled.ResultsOf 446 adjudicated patients, 246 DILI patients and 100 had acute liver injury due to other etiologies, mostly autoimmune hepatitis (n=42) and viral hepatitis (n=34). DILI patients (mean age 56?years), 57% women, 60% with jaundice and 3.6% pre-existing liver disease. DILI cases and non-DILI controls had similar demographics, clinical features, and outcomes. A single agent was implicated in 199 (81%) DILI cases. Amoxicillin-clavulanate, flucloxacillin, atorvastatin, nivolumab/ipilimumab, infliximab and nitrofurantoin were the most commonly implicated drugs. Multiple medications were implicated in 37 (15%) and 18 cases were caused by herbal and dietary supplements. Most common causative drug classes were antibacterials (40%) and antineoplastic/immunomodulating agents (27%). Overall, 13 (5.3%) had drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis due to nitrofurantoin, methyldopa, infliximab, methylprednisolone, and minocycline. Only six (2.4%) DILI patients died: 50% had liver-related death and another six received a liver transplantation.ConclusionsIn this first multi-national European prospective DILI Registry study antibacterials were the most commonly implicated medications, whereas antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents accounted for higher proportion of DILI than previously described. This European initiative provides an important opportunity to advance the study on DILI

Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic profiling identifies candidate serum biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury in humans

Diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and its distinction from other liver diseases are significant challenges in drug development and clinical practice. We used Tandem Mass Tag-labeled quantitative proteomics detecting 2323 proteins in a cohort comprising patients with DILI [at onset (DO) and follow-up (DF)], acute non-DILI [at onset (NDO) and follow-up (NDF)], and healthy volunteers (HV) to identify novel serum biomarkers. Thirteen candidates selected based on differential expression, liver-specific expression, and mechanistic relevance to liver pathology, were assessed in confirmatory and replication cohorts of HV (n=94), DO (n=123), DF (n=110), NDO (n=58) and NDF (n=37) using a targeted label-free SureQuant assay. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranging between 0.94 and 0.99 across cohorts for five of these biomarkers, reflected differentiation between DO and HV with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 distinguished NDO from DO (AUC: 0.75 and 0.65) on its own or in combination with glutathione S-transferase A1 and leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 2 (AUC: 0.78 and 0.68). These can potentially differentiate DILI and acute liver injury from non-drug etiologies

Increased serum miR-193a-5p during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression: diagnostic and mechanistic relevance

Background & Aims: Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) levels are known to change in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may serve as useful biomarkers. This study aimed to profile miRNAs comprehensively at all NAFLD stages.Methods: We profiled 2,083 serum miRNAs in a discovery cohort (183 NAFLD cases representing the complete NAFLD spectrum and 10 population controls). MiRNA libraries generated by HTG EdgeSeq were sequenced by Illumina NextSeq. Selected serum miRNAs were profiled in 372 additional NAFLD cases and 15 population controls by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Results: Levels of 275 miRNAs differed between cases and population controls. Fewer differences were seen within individual NAFLD stages but miR-193a-5p consistently the showed increased levels in all comparisons. Relative to NAFL/NASH with mild fibrosis (stage 0/1), three miRNAs (miR-193a-5p, miR-378d and miR378d) were increased in cases with NASH and clinically significant fibrosis (stage 2-4), seven (miR193a-5p, miR-378d, miR-378e, miR-320b, c, d & e) increased in cases with NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) 5-8 compared with lower NAS, and three (miR-193a-5p, miR-378d, miR-378e) increased but one (miR-19b-3p) decreased in steatosis, activity, and fibrosis "activity" (SAF-A) score 2-4 compared with lower SAF-A. The significant findings for miR-193a-5p were replicated in the additional NAFLD cohort. Studies in Hep G2 cells showed that following palmitic acid treatment, miR-193a-5p expression decreased significantly. Gene targets for miR-193a-5p were investigated in liver RNAseq data for a case subgroup (n=80); liver GPX8 levels correlated positively with serum miR-193a-5p. Conclusions: Serum miR-193a-5p levels correlate strongly with NAFLD activity grade and fibrosis stage. MiR-193a-5p may have a role in the hepatic response to oxidative stress and is a potential clinically tractable circulating biomarker for progressive NAFLD

Evaluación dasométrica de una plantación comercial de teca (Tectona grandis L.) en Nuevo Urecho Michoacán.

La productividad de los bosques naturales varía de acuerdo a la región y a las condiciones del sitio pero, las tasas de crecimiento de las plantaciones forestales comerciales los superan en mucho, por ello serán las proveedoras futuras de madera y responsables del mantenimiento y restauración del medio ambiente. Y así aliviar la presión abundante sobre la rápida disminución de los bosques naturales. A nivel mundial se han utilizado un gran número de especies, el 70% de todas las plantaciones forestales son eucaliptos o pinos, la teca alcanza el 15%; otras especies de hojosas el 12 %; y otras especies de coníferas, el 3%

Dinamicas territoriales y formacion de territorios en contextos de expansion de industrias extractivas: Tarija Bolivia

¿Cómo se hace desarrollo territorial rural? ¿Qué explica que unos territorios sean dinámi-cos, mientras otros queden rezagados? ¿Qué tipo de acción pública conduce a que las dinámicas sean exitosas? En los estudios de desarrollo y en la práctica de la política públi-ca, estas han sido algunas de las preguntas centrales a la que académicos, políticos, acti-vistas de la sociedad civil y los propios actores del espacio rural han buscado responder. Son también las preguntas que motivan el programa Dinámicas Territoriales Rurales (Ri-misp 2007) a cuyas respuestas el proyecto DTR en Bolivia busca contribuir. En esa búsqueda de entender el por qué del éxito y qué explica la diferenciación, se han identificado factores que tienen que ver con la base económica (la idea del crecimiento y la productividad); con la base ambiental (las particularidades físicas del capital natural y su capacidad de generar servicios ecosistémicos); con las estructuras organizativas e ins-titucionales (el capital social); con las estructuras de poder y el contexto político (la eco-nomía política del desarrollo); y con las interrelaciones entre actores y espacios

Formación de territorios bajo la expansión de la industria del gas en Tarija, Bolivia

How is rural development achieved in contexts where the national development strategy is dominated by the extraction of natural resources? Based on research in Southern Bolivia, this chapter argues that rural development has been possible through a deliberated policy and institutional arrangements to facilitate the expansion of foreign investments in the gas industry; these have impacted the relationships between state and companies and the formation of territorial projects. The aforementioned strategy has produced economic progress and poverty reduction at regional and local scales under the following conditions: (1) a significant transfer of financial resources to regional and local levels of government; (2) an articulated public policy that combines investments in infrastructure and social policies; (3) the ability of local leaders and organizations to negotiate the orientation of public investment and expenditure; (4) a regional level of government capable of distributing public resources among areas with different resource endowments. Additionally, the strategy has been environmentally-sustainable due to the minor changes that the gas industry and the increase of public infrastructure have caused in the rural territories. However, the overstated popular perception of environmental change, the unequal distribution of benefits and the political confrontation for gas rents between intra-regional territories -groups within each territory- and regions at national level have reduced the potential of the gas industry to generate rural development