The resistance response of solanum Huaylasense accesion LA1358 to Meloidogyne spp.

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Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among an older Spanish population with metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional analysis

Dietary guidelines emphasize the importance of a varied diet to provide an adequate nutrient intake. However, an older age is often associated with consumption of monotonous diets that can be nutritionally inadequate, increasing the risk for the development or progression of diet-related chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). To assess the association between dietary diversity (DD) and nutrient intake adequacy and to identify demographic variables associated with DD, we cross-sectionally analyzed baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus trial: 6587 Spanish adults aged 55-75 years, with overweight/obesity who also had MetS. An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using a 143-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient inadequacy was defined as an intake below 2/3 of the dietary reference intake (DRI) forat least four of 17 nutrients proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between DDS and the risk of nutritionally inadequate intakes. In the higher DDS quartile there were more women and less current smokers. Compared with subjects in the highest DDS quartile, those in the lowest DDS quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake: odds ratio (OR) = 28.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.80-39.21). When we estimated food varietyfor each of the food groups, participants in the lowest quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake for the groups of vegetables, OR = 14.03 (95% CI 10.55-18.65), fruits OR = 11.62 (95% CI 6.81-19.81), dairy products OR = 6.54 (95% CI 4.64-9.22) and protein foods OR = 6.60 (95% CI 1.96-22.24). As DDS decreased, the risk of inadequate nutrients intake rose. Given the impact of nutrient intake adequacy on the prevention of non-communicable diseases, health policies should focus on the promotion of a healthy varied diet, specifically promoting the intake of vegetables and fruit among population groups with lower DDS such as men, smokers or widow(er)s

Ultra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment

Background: Dietary patterns can produce an environmental impact. Changes in people's diet, such as the increased consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) can not only influence human health but also environment sustainability. Objectives: Assessment of the impact of 2-year changes in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and water, energy and land use. Design A 2-year longitudinal study after a dietary intervention including 5879 participants from a Southern European population between the ages of 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome. Methods Food intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire, which allowed classifying foods according to the NOVA system. In addition, sociodemographic data, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were obtained from validated questionnaires. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy and land use were calculated by means of the Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database of environmental impact indicators for food items. Changes in UPF consumption during a 2-year period were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using computed General Linear Models. Results: Participants with major reductions in their UPF consumption reduced their impact by −0.6 kg of CO2eq and −5.3 MJ of energy. Water use was the only factor that increased as the percentage of UPF was reduced. Conclusions: Low consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to environmental sustainability. The processing level of the consumed food should be considered not only for nutritional advice on health but also for environmental protection

Jardins per a la salut

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia. Assignatura: Botànica farmacèutica. Curs: 2014-2015. Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són el recull de les fitxes botàniques de 128 espècies presents en el Jardí Ferran Soldevila de l’Edifici Històric de la UB. Els treballs han estat realitzats manera individual per part dels estudiants dels grups M-3 i T-1 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos de febrer a maig del curs 2014-15 com a resultat final del Projecte d’Innovació Docent «Jardins per a la salut: aprenentatge servei a Botànica farmacèutica» (codi 2014PID-UB/054). Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pels professors de l’assignatura. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica. També s’ha pretès motivar els estudiants a través del retorn de part del seu esforç a la societat a través d’una experiència d’Aprenentatge-Servei, deixant disponible finalment el treball dels estudiants per a poder ser consultable a través d’una Web pública amb la possibilitat de poder-ho fer in-situ en el propi jardí mitjançant codis QR amb un smartphone

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the PREDIMED-Plus randomized clinical trial: Effects on the interventions, participants follow-up, and adiposity

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the implementation of most ongoing clinical trials worldwide including the PREDIMED-Plus study. The PREDIMED-Plus is an ongoing, multicenter, controlled intervention trial, aimed at weight-loss and cardiovascular disease prevention, in which participants were randomized (1:1 ratio) to an intervention group (energy-reduced Mediterranean diet, promotion of physical activity, and behavioral support) or to a control group (Mediterranean diet with usual care advice). When the pandemic began, the trial was in the midst of the planned intervention. The objective of this report was to examine the effects of the pandemic on the delivery of the intervention and to describe the strategies established to mitigate the possible adverse effects of the pandemic lockdown on data collection and adiposity. Methods: We assessed the integrity of the PREDIMED-Plus trial during 5 identified periods of the COVID-19 pandemic determined according to restrictions dictated by the Spanish government authorities. A standardized questionnaire was delivered to each of the 23 PREDIMED-Plus recruiting centers to collected data regarding the trial integrity. The effect of the restrictions on intervention components (diet, physical activity) was evaluated with data obtained in the three identified lockdown phases: pre lockdown, lockdown proper, and post lockdown. Results: During the lockdown (March/2020-June/2021), 4,612 participants (48% women, mean age 65y) attended pre-specified yearly follow-up visits to receive lifestyle recommendations and obtain adiposity measures. The overall mean (SD) of the proportions reported by each center showed that 40.4% (25.4) participants had in-person visits, 39.8% (18.2) participants were contacted by telephone and 35% (26.3) by electronic means. Participants' follow-up and data collection rates increased across lockdown periods (from ≈10% at onset to ≈80% at the end). Compared to pre-lockdown, waist circumference increased during (0.75 cm [95% CI: 0.60-0.91]) and after (0.72 cm [95% CI: 0.56-0.89]) lockdown. Body weight did not change during lockdown (0.01 kg [95% CI: -0.10 to 0.13) and decreased after lockdown (-0.17 kg [95% CI: -0.30 to -0.04]). Conclusion: Mitigating strategies to enforce the intervention and patient's follow-up during lockdown have been successful in preserving the integrity of the trial and ensuring its continuation, with minor effects on adiposity. Clinical trial registration: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870, identifier ISRCTN89898870. Keywords: COVID-19; Mediterraean diet; PREDIMED-Plus; clinical trial; lockdown; weight-loss. Copyright © 2023 Paz-Graniel, Fitó, Ros, Buil-Cosiales, Corella, Babio, Martínez, Alonso-Gómez, Wärnberg, Vioque, Romaguera, López-Miranda, Estruch, Tinahones, Lapetra, Serra-Majem, Bueno-Cavanillas, Tur, Martín-Sánchez, Pintó, Gaforio, Matía-Martín, Vidal, Vázquez, Daimiel, García-Gavilán, Toledo, Nishi, Sorlí, Castañer, García-Ríos, García de la Hera, Barón-López, Ruiz-Canela, Morey, Casas, Garrido-Garrido, Tojal-Sierra, Fernández-García, Vázquez-Ruiz, Fernández-Carrión, Goday, Peña-Orihuela, Compañ-Gabucio, Schröder, Martínez-Gonzalez and Salas-Salvadó. Conflict of interest statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest

Consumption of caffeinated beverages and kidney function decline in an elderly Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome

It remains unclear whether caffeinated beverages could have deleterious renal effects in elderly population with underlying comorbid conditions. We investigated the associations between coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and 1-year changes in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a large Spanish cohort of overweight/obese elderly with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This prospective analysis includes 5851 overweight/obese adults (55-75 years) with MetS from the PREDIMED-Plus study. We assessed coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption from a validated food-frequency questionnaire and creatinine-based eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Multivariate-adjusted regression models were applied to test associations between baseline coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and 1-year eGFR changes. Caffeinated coffee (> 2 cups/day) and tea (at least 1 cup/day) drinkers had 0.88 and 0.93 mL/min/1.73 m2 greater eGFR decrease respectively, compared to those with less than 1 cup/day of coffee consumption or non-tea drinkers. Furthermore, caffeinated coffee consumption of > 2 cups/day was associated with 1.19-fold increased risk of rapid eGFR decline > 3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI 1.01-1.41). Similarly, individuals in the highest (median, 51.2 mg/day) tertile of caffeine intake had a 0.87 mL/min/1.73 m2 greater eGFR decrease. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with eGFR changes. In conclusion, higher consumption of caffeinated coffee, tea, and caffeine was associated with a greater 1-year eGFR decline in overweight/obese adults with MetS

Impact of mediterranean diet promotion on environmental sustainability: a longitudinal analysis

[EN]This article aims to estimate the differences in environmental impact (greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) after one year of promoting a Mediterranean diet (MD). Methods Baseline and 1-year follow-up data from 5800 participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study were used. Each participant's food intake was estimated using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires, and the adherence to MD using the Dietary Score. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The association between MD adherence and its environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models.SIPublicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Tomato rootstocks for the control of Meloidogyne spp.

Se determinó la respuesta de resistencia de 10 patrones de tomate a una población avirulenta de Meloidogyne javanica en maceta. Los ensayos se realizaron en primavera, cuando las temperaturas permitían la expresión fenotípica de la resistencia del gen Mi-1 (28˚C), en verano sometidos a altas temperaturas y en campo, exponiéndolos a altas densidades poblacionales del nematodo. A temperaturas inferiores a 28˚C los patrones mostraron gran variabilidad en la respuesta de resistencia que osciló entre alta y moderadamente resistente (PG-76, Gladiator, MKT-410; Brigeor, 42851, 43965, Big Power y He-man), hasta susceptible (Beaufort, Maxifort). Por encima de 28˚C, sólo dos patrones (PG-76 y He-man) inhibieron la reproducción del nematodo. Frente a distintas poblaciones de M. arenaria, M. incognita y M. javanica, el patrón PG-76, fue altamente resistente a todas las poblaciones, Brigeor osciló entre altamente resistente y moderadamente resistente, mientras que Beaufort y Maxifort mostraron menor resistencia o fueron totalmente susceptibles; además ésta varió en función de la población analizada. Se caracterizó molecularmente el locus Mi-1 en los patrones híbridos y cultivares de tomate estudiados. Se emplearon los marcadores moleculares PM3, PMi y Mi23, específicos para la caracterización del locus Mi en patrones híbridos de tomate (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites; S. lycopersicum × S. chilense), mediante PCR. También se realizaron análisis bioinformáticos con marcadores específicos (Mint-up/do, C172, C2S4, IMO-F1/R1, y VIGS) para determinar la presencia del gen Mi-1.2 en dichos patrones. Los resultados mostraron que los marcadores PMi y Mi23 amplifican homólogos del gen Mi-1 en S. chilense, S. habrochaites y S. peruvianum y también en S. lycopersicum (marcador Mi23). El marcador PM3 amplificó el gen Mi-1.2 en Beaufort y Maxifort (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites) pero no fue efectivo para los híbridos de S. chilense. El marcador molecular PM3, no pudo determinar la expresión de del gen Mi-1.2 en Beaufort y Maxifort por hallarse fuera de la secuencia codificadora (CDS) del gen. Análisis bioinformáticos indicaron que ningún marcador específico diseñado para el gen Mi-1.2, podía este gen de otros homólogos presentes en S. lypcopersicum y S. peruvianum. El nuevo marcador Pau-Do en combinación con el primer C2S4, amplificaron un fragmento de 1.494 pb en la CDS del gen Mi-1.2 en raíces y hojas de Beaufort y Maxifort. La durabilidad de la resistencia del gen Mi-1 después del cultivo reiterado de patrones de tomate se determinó en ensayos de campo durante tres años consecutivos, empleando PG-76 y Brigeor. El patrón PG-76 fue muy resistente después del 1er ciclo de cultivo, pero mostró resistencia intermedia y suscetibilidad al finalizar el 2o y el 3er año de cultivo, respectivamente. El patrón Brigeor y el cultivar de tomate resistente Monika (control) mantuvieron un nivel de resistencia intermedio al final del 3er cultivo, aunque ensayos posteriores confirmaron la aparición de virulencia. Los resultados mostraron que el cultivo reiterado de patrones de tomate resistentes seleccionó rápidamente aislados virulentos de M. javanica. El fenotipo virulento de estas poblaciones se analizó molecularmente con el marcador MVC, diseñado para distinguir las poblaciones virulentas seleccionadas de Meloidogyne de los aislados naturalmente virulentos. Se analizaron dos poblaciones japonesas seleccionadas de M. incognita y M. javanica, tres poblaciones españolas virulentas seleccionadas, una población naturalmente virulenta y una avirulenta (todas M. javanica). Las muestras de ADN se obtuvieron de individuos juveniles o de hembras adultas y se incluyeron muestras de agua sin nematodos (5 µm filtrada) procedentes del drenaje de una maceta con una planta infectada por una población virulenta japonesa. El marcador MVC amplificó ADN en las muestras de agua pero no en las que sólo contenían ADN de nematodos. Las secuencias de ADN mostraron una estrecha correlación con diversas proteínas de especies de betaproteobacterias. Los experimentos revelaron que el marcador de MVC no está relacionado con un gen de virulencia del nematodo (avr) sino con betaproteobacterias. Finalmente, se estudió la existencia de homólogos del gen Mi en las especies de tomate silvestre Solanum chilense, S. habrochaites, S. peruvianum y S. huaylasense. La respuesta de resistencia de la variedad LA-1358 de S. huaylasense varió en función de la especie del nematodo estudiada: fue resistente frente a M. arenaria y susceptible frente a M. javanica. La reproducción de M. incognita fue muy variable y no difirió de la reproducción alcanzada en los dos cultivares empleados como controles.The response of 10 Mi-1 tomato rootstocks to a Mi-avirulent population of M. javanica was determined in pot tests conducted in a greenhouse in spring when temperatures remained below the Mi-1 functionality resistance threshold (28 ˚C), and in summer when daily temperatures exceeded the Mi-1 expression threshold. Rootstocks were also evaluated in the field exposing them to high population densities of the nematode. Results on infectivity and reproduction below 28 ˚C indicated a wide variability in the resistance response of the rootstocks ranging from highly or intermediate resistance (PG-76, Gladiator, MKT-410; Brigeor, 42851, 43965, Big Power and He-man) to fully susceptible (Beaufort and Maxifort). At high temperature conditions, only PG-76 and He-man inhibited the reproduction of M. javanica. Rootstocks PG-76, Brigeor, Beaufort and Maxifort were challenged to different populations of M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica. Rootstock PG-76 was highly resistant to all the populations tested, whereas the response of Brigeor ranged from highly to moderate resistance; the resistance response of rootstocks Beaufort and Maxifort varied according to the population tested. Molecular characterization of the resistance phenotype was performed for all the tomato hybrid rootstocks and cultivars tested. The markers PM3, PMi, Mi23, for the characterization of the Mi-locus of hybrid tomato rootstocks (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites and S. lycopersicum × S. chilense) were used for PCR reactions. In silico analyses were done with specific markers for the Mi-1.2 gene (Mint-up/do, C1/2, C2S4, IMO-F1/R1, and VIGS). Markers PMi and Mi23 were polymorphic for the Mi-1 locus in wild Solanum species (S. chilense, S. habrochaites, and S. peruvianum) and for S. lycopersicum (marker Mi23). Marker PM3 detected the Mi-1.2 gene in S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites hybrid rootstocks, but not in the S. chilense hybrids. As marker PM3 is located outside the coding sequence of the Mi-1.2 gene, expression of this homolog could not be determined in Beaufort and Maxifort. In silico results indicated that none of the available markers for the Mi-1.2 gene could distinguish this homolog from the other Mi-homologs from S. lypcopersicum and S. peruvianum species. A new marker Pau-Do, in combination with C2S4, was designed to amplify in CDS of the Mi-1.2 gene. Amplification with these primers of cDNA from Beaufort and Maxifort indicated that the Mi-1.2 gene was expressed in both rootstocks, despite their susceptible phenotypic response to some Meloidogyne populations. The durability of the Mi-1 gene after repeated cultivation of resistant tomato rootstocks (PG-76 and Brigeor) was determined through field trials during three consecutive years. Rootstock PG-76 responded as highly resistant after the first cropping cycle, although it became fully susceptible after the second and the third cropping cycles. Rootstock Brigeor and the resistant tomato cultivar Monika (control), retained intermediate resistance levels at the end of the third year. Bioassays confirmed that selection of virulence occurred more rapidly in plots with rootstock PG-76 followed by Brigeor and the resistant tomato cultivar Monika. The virulent phenotype of the selected M. javanica populations in the field experiments was determined with MVC molecular marker, designed to distinguish selected from naturally virulent populations of Meloidogyne spp. The populations analyzed included two Japanese selected virulent populations, and the three virulent populations selected in the field trials, and one naturally virulent population and one avirulent population from Spanish. DNA samples were obtained from individual juveniles (J2) or adult females from all the selected virulent populations. Experiments included water samples free of nematodes (5-µm filtered), obtained from the draining-water of a plant infected by a Japanese selected virulent population. Amplification of DNA only occurred in samples of filtered water, but not in those containing only nematode genetic material. Sequencing and BLAST of the DNA fragments amplified by the MVC molecular marker, established a strong correlation of the amplified bands with proteins from betaproteobacteria species Overall, these results showed that the MVC marker is not related to a nematode virulence gene (avr) but to betaproteobacteria. New root-knot nematode resistant Mi-homologs were searched in accessions of the wild Solanum species. The S. huaylasense accession LA-1358 reduced reproduction of a population of M. arenaria to similar levels than the resistant tomato cultivar Anairis. Nevertheless, the resistance response of S. huaylasense accession LA-1358 was also nematode-species specific

Tomato rootstocks for management of Meloidogyne spp.

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