Influence of local structure on relic neutrino abundances and anisotropies

Gravitational potentials of the Milky Way and extragalactic structures can influence the propagation of the cosmic neutrino background (CNB). Of particular interest to future CNB observatories, such as PTOLEMY, is the CNB number density on Earth. In this study, we have developed a simulation framework that maps the trajectories of relic neutrinos as they move through the local gravitational environment. The potentials are based on the dark matter halos found in state-of-the-art cosmological N-body simulations, resulting in a more nuanced and realistic input than the previously employed analytical models. We find that the complex dark matter distributions, along with their dynamic evolution, influence the abundance and anisotropies of the CNB in ways unaccounted for by earlier analytical methods. Importantly, these cosmological simulations contain multiple instances of Milky Way-like halos that we employ to model a variety of gravitational landscapes. Consequently, we notice a variation in the CNB number densities that can be primarily attributed to the differences in the masses of these individual halos. For neutrino masses between $0.01$ and $0.3$ eV, we note clustering factors within the range of $1+\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ to $1+\mathcal{O}(1)$. Furthermore, the asymmetric nature of the underlying dark matter distributions within the halos results in not only overdense, but intriguingly, underdense regions within the full-sky anisotropy maps. Gravitational clustering appears to have a significant impact on the angular power spectra of these maps, leading to orders of magnitude more power on smaller scales beyond multipoles of $\ell = 3$ when juxtaposed against predictions by primordial fluctuations. We discuss how our results reshape our understanding of relic neutrino clustering and how this might affect observability of future CNB observatories such as PTOLEMY.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures, comments are welcom

Factores que inciden en el cambio de la cultura organizacional generado tras la implementación del sistema de información financiero y administrativo en Indervalle

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar los factores que inciden en el cambio de la cultura organizacional generado tras la implementación del sistema de información financiero y administrativo en INDERVALLE. Para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio de indagación aplicada de enfoque descriptivo interpretativo. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada como instrumento de recolección de datos realizada a cuatro integrantes de las áreas administrativa y financiera de la entidad. Los hallazgos pudieron concluir que como factores que incidieron en el clima organizacional tras la implementación del nuevo sistema administrativo y financiero SINAPV6 se tuvo: el trato interpersonal, apoyo a los jefes de las unidades, el sentido de pertenencia, la coherencia, claridad organizacional y los valores colectivos.The objective of this paper is to determine the factors that affect the change of the organizational culture through the implementation of the financial and administrative information system in INDERVALLE. For this, he has a study of applied inquiry with a descriptive interpretative approach. The semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument made to four members of the administrative and financial areas of the entity. The findings are derived from the factors that affect the organizational climate after the new administrative and financial system SINAPV6 occurs: interpersonal treatment, support to the heads of the units, sense of belonging, coherence, organizational organization and the collective values.Maestrí

Herramientas tic para evaluación de la accesibilidad Web

La accesibilidad web la podemos entender como una herramienta que ayuda a reducir las brechas de acceso, uso y apropiación de las TIC que enfrentan las personas en condición de discapacidad. Esta accesibilidad se basa en ciertas directrices establecidas por la W3C, fundamentales para realizar un seguimiento a los sitios web, es por esto importante reconocer que estar siempre a la vanguardia en estas técnicas garantizará mejores condiciones de acceso para los recursos que hay en la web. Por esta razón enfocamos este trabajo a la búsqueda de las herramientas de evaluación de la accesibilidad que aplican las directrices WCAG 2.1, identificando que actualmente solo un 20% de las herramientas analizadas están aplicando las directrices WCAG 2.1, las demás aún trabajan bajo la luz de las WCAG 2.0. Por otra parte, se identifica el grado de concienciación y conocimiento en términos de accesibilidad web de los webmaster en Colombia identificando ciertas falencias en este aspecto..

Desarrollo de un sistema electrónico para la autonomía en bicicletas eléctricas con freno regenerativo a base de supercondensadores

Desarrollar un sistema electrónico para la autonomía en bicicletas eléctricas con freno regenerativo a base de supercondensadores.El presente documento de investigación tiene como finalidad realizar el desarrollo de un sistema electrónico para la autonomía en bicicletas eléctricas con freno regenerativo a base de supercondensadores que, mediante una funcionalidad híbrida entre la batería y los supercondensadores permita mejorar el almacenamiento energético y elevar el desempeño de una batería de litio. Actualmente la tecnología se encuentra inmersa en todo campo y la industria automotriz no se encuentra exenta, por lo que el desarrollo de este sistema electrónico pertenece a un medio de transporte alternativo, amigable con la naturaleza y enfocado en mantener una movilidad sostenible. Por lo tanto, se procedió a diseñar el circuito electrónico por medio de un software denominado “Proteus” el cual permitió realizar las simulaciones de funcionamiento del prototipo, posteriormente se llevó a cabo la elaboración de este, antes de ser armados todos los elementos se verificó el funcionamiento del circuito diseñado en un banco de pruebas con la ayuda de distintos elementos de medición (osciloscopio, multímetro, amperímetro). Se realizó el montaje de todos los componentes de la bicicleta eléctrica y adicionalmente el circuito electrónico ya elaborado, ubicados en el cuadro y manubrio de tal manera que realicen su trabajo con normalidad. Se asignó una ruta de recorrido para la ejecución de las pruebas de autonomía, carga y descarga del sistema elaborado. Se realizaron las pruebas de funcionamiento a distintos parámetros y con cada nivel de potencia del motor, considerando el nivel 3, 4 y 5 para la toma de datos. Los resultados de autonomía del funcionamiento híbrido entre supercondensadores y batería fueron registrados de manera porcentual, obteniendo resultados positivos que se encuentran detallados por medio de gráficas y tablas.Ingenierí

Predictores clínicos de tuberculosis multidrogorresistente en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar en Huánuco, Perú. 2010-2015: Predictor factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Huánuco, Peru. 2010-2015

Introduction: In the city of Huánuco and around the world, there is a progressive increase in cases of Tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis, for this reason it was necessary to identify predictors to develop multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis. Objective: To determine if persistent fever, cavitary radiographic pattern and positive smear microscopy at the first month of treatment, are predictors of multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis, in four health facilities in the city of Huánuco, between January 2010 and December 2015. Methods: case and control study. We considered 37 cases and 111 controls. Data were collected from medical records. Results: The predictive factors found in the bivariate analysis were persistence of fever at 2 weeks (p = 0.001, OR 0.05, CI 0.01-0.5), cavitary radiographic pattern (p = 0.000, OR 11.6, 95%IC 4.6-26.5), and smear microscopy positivity at the first month of treatment (p = 0.00, OR 13.5, 95%CI 4.1-44.6). These were confirmed by multivariate analysis (p = 0.012, p = 0.00, p = 0.00 respectively). Conclusions: The persistence of fever at two weeks, cavitary radiographic pattern and positive smear microscopy at the first month of treatment were predictive factors associated independently for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis.Introducción: En la ciudad de Huánuco se observa un crecimiento progresivo de casos de Tuberculosis y cada vez más frecuente la Tuberculosis multidrogorresistente, por esta razón fue necesario identificar factores predictores para desarrollar Tuberculosis multidrogorresistente. Objetivo: Determinar si la fiebre persistente, el patrón radiográfico cavitario y la baciloscopía positiva al primer mes de tratamiento son predictores de Tuberculosis multidrogorresistente en pacientes con Tuberculosis Pulmonar en cuatro establecimientos de salud de la ciudad de Huánuco, entre enero 2010 y diciembre 2015. Métodos: Estudio observacional, casos y controles. Se consideraron 37 casos y 111 controles. Los datos se recolectaron de las historias clínicas. Resultados: Los factores predictores encontrados en el análisis bivariado fueron la persistencia de la fiebre a las dos semanas (p=0, 001; OR 0,05; IC 0,01-0,5), el patrón radiográfico cavitario (p=0,000; OR 11,6; IC 4,6– 26,5), y la positividad de la baciloscopía al primer mes de tratamiento (p=0,00; OR 13,5; IC 4,1-44,6 al 95%). Estas fueron confirmadas con el análisis multivariado (p=0,08; p=0,002; p=0,00 respectivamente). Conclusiones: La persistencia de la fiebre a las dos semanas, el patrón radiográfico cavitario y la baciloscopía positiva al primer mes de tratamiento mostraron asociación predictiva en forma independiente para el diagnóstico de Tuberculosis multidrogorresistente

Brain innate immunity in the regulation of neuroinflammation: therapeutic strategies by modulating cd200-cd200r interaction involve the cannabinoid system

The central nervous system (CNS) innate immune response includes an arsenal of molecules and receptors expressed by professional phagocytes, glial cells and neurons that is involved in host defence and clearance of toxic and dangerous cell debris. However, any uncontrolled innate immune responses within the CNS are widely recognized as playing a major role in the development of autoimmune disorders and neurodegeneration, with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer´s disease (AD) being primary examples. Hence, it is important to identify the key regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of CNS innate immunity and which could be harnessed to explore novel therapeutic avenues. Neuroimmune regulatory proteins (NIReg) such as CD95L, CD200, CD47, sialic acid, complement regulatory proteins (CD55, CD46, fH, C3a), HMGB1, may control the adverse immune responses in health and diseases. In the absence of these regulators, when neurons die by apoptosis, become infected or damaged, microglia and infiltrating immune cells are free to cause injury as well as an adverse inflammatory response in acute and chronic settings. We will herein provide new emphasis on the role of the pair CD200-CD200R in MS and its experimental models: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler?s virus induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). The interest of the cannabinoid system as inhibitor of inflammation prompt us to introduce our findings about the role of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in promoting CD200-CD200 receptor (CD200R) interaction and the benefits caused in TMEV-IDD. Finally, we also review the current data on CD200-CD200R interaction in AD, as well as, in the aging brain.Fil: Hernangómez, Miriam. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Carrillo Salinas, Francisco. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Mecha, Miriam. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Correa, Fernando Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Mestre, Leyre. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Loría, Frida. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Feliú, Ana. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; EspañaFil: Docagne, Fabian. Inserm; FranciaFil: Guaza, Carmen. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; Españ

Anandamide inhibits Theiler's virus induced VCAM-1 in brain endothelial cells and reduces leukocyte transmigration in a model of blood brain barrier by activation of CB1 receptors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>VCAM-1 represents one of the most important adhesion molecule involved in the transmigration of blood leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that is an essential step in the pathogenesis of MS. Several evidences have suggested the potential therapeutic value of cannabinoids (CBs) in the treatment of MS and their experimental models. However, the effects of endocannabinoids on VCAM-1 regulation are poorly understood. In the present study we investigated the effects of anandamide (AEA) in the regulation of VCAM-1 expression induced by Theiler's virus (TMEV) infection of brain endothelial cells using <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo </it>approaches.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>i) <it>in vitro</it>: VCAM-1 was measured by ELISA in supernatants of brain endothelial cells infected with TMEV and subjected to AEA and/or cannabinoid receptors antagonist treatment. To evaluate the functional effect of VCAM-1 modulation we developed a blood brain barrier model based on a system of astrocytes and brain endothelial cells co-culture. ii) <it>in vivo</it>: CB₁receptor deficient mice (Cnr1^-/-) infected with TMEV were treated with the AEA uptake inhibitor UCM-707 for three days. VCAM-1 expression and microglial reactivity were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Anandamide-induced inhibition of VCAM-1 expression in brain endothelial cell cultures was mediated by activation of CB₁receptors. The study of leukocyte transmigration confirmed the functional relevance of VCAM-1 inhibition by AEA. <it>In vivo </it>approaches also showed that the inhibition of AEA uptake reduced the expression of brain VCAM-1 in response to TMEV infection. Although a decreased expression of VCAM-1 by UCM-707 was observed in both, wild type and CB₁receptor deficient mice (Cnr1^-/-), the magnitude of VCAM-1 inhibition was significantly higher in the wild type mice. Interestingly, Cnr1^-/-mice showed enhanced microglial reactivity and VCAM-1 expression following TMEV infection, indicating that the lack of CB₁receptor exacerbated neuroinflammation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that CB₁receptor dependent VCAM-1 inhibition is a novel mechanism for AEA-reduced leukocyte transmigration and contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of endocannabinoid system in the Theiler's virus model of MS.</p

High-resolution grids of daily air temperature for Peru - the new PISCOt v1.2 dataset

Gridded high-resolution climate datasets are increasingly important for a wide range of modelling applications. Here we present PISCOt (v1.2), a novel high spatial resolution (0.01°) dataset of daily air temperature for entire Peru (1981–2020). The dataset development involves four main steps: (i) quality control; (ii) gap-filling; (iii) homogenisation of weather stations, and (iv) spatial interpolation using additional data, a revised calculation sequence and an enhanced version control. This improved methodological framework enables capturing complex spatial variability of maximum and minimum air temperature at a more accurate scale compared to other existing datasets (e.g. PISCOt v1.1, ERA5-Land, TerraClimate, CHIRTS). PISCOt performs well with mean absolute errors of 1.4 °C and 1.2 °C for maximum and minimum air temperature, respectively. For the first time, PISCOt v1.2 adequately captures complex climatology at high spatiotemporal resolution and therefore provides a substantial improvement for numerous applications at local-regional level. This is particularly useful in view of data scarcity and urgently needed model-based decision making for climate change, water balance and ecosystem assessment studies in Peru

the application of the gender approach and procedural guarantees in standard cases of the criminal appeal chamber of the supreme court of justice

inicialmente se debe decir que, aunque el tema de la aplicación de enfoques diferenciales – en especial de étnico y de género- tiene amplia bibliografía jurídica desarrollada, este aun conserva vigencia, en la medida en que todavía no se ha logrado su plena aplicabilidad – máxime en escenarios judiciales-, razón por la cual lo torna de actualidad.Universidad Libre, Facultad de Derecho, Maestría en Derecho Penalinitially it should be said that, although the issue of applying approaches differentials -especially ethnic and gender- has extensive legal bibliography developed, it is still valid, to the extent that its implementation has not yet been achieved. full applicability -especially in judicial scenarios-, which is why it becomes present

Etiology and Viral Genotype in Patients with End-Stage Liver Diseases admitted to a Hepatology Unit in Colombia

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the principal risk factor associated to end-stage liver diseases in the world. A study was carried out on end-stage liver disease cases admitted to an important hepatology unit in Medellin, the second largest city in Colombia. From 131 patients recruited in this prospective study, 71% of cases were diagnosed as cirrhosis, 12.2% as HCC, and 16.8% as cirrhosis and HCC. Regarding the risk factors of these patients, alcohol consumption was the most frequent (37.4%), followed by viral etiology (17.6%). Blood and/or hepatic tissue samples from patients with serological markers for HCV or HBV infection were characterized; on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis of HCV 5′ UTR and HBV S gene, isolates belonged to HCV/1 and HBV/F3, respectively. These results confirm the presence of strains associated with poor clinical outcome, in patients with liver disease in Colombia; additionally, HBV basal core promoter double mutant was identified in HCC cases. Here we show the first study of cirrhosis and/or HCC in Colombian and HBV and HCV molecular characterization of these patients. Viral aetiology was not the main risk factor in this cohort but alcohol consumption