Factors impacting sustainability in rural drinking water: an integrated approach in Paraguay

The research assesses the sustainability of a program intervention in drinking-water supply in 100 rural communities in Paraguay and identifies the main factors and good practices that could correlate with higher levels of sustainability for drinking-water supply systems. The research includes an integrated assessment of the technical systems, the governance of the community-based provider, and the user’s participation. A total of 100 drinking-water systems built between 2006 and 2010 were technically and operationally revised. Surveys were conducted to 100 community-based sanitation boards (SB) and 450 beneficiary households, using systematic random sampling in 30 rural communities. Preliminary results suggest that participation of the users, the institutional capacity of the SB, the external support of a public institution – as SENASA in this case - and the reinforcement of maintenance activities seem to be key aspects to keep sustainability in rural water systems in the medium and long term

Perspectiva teórica de la Administración Financiera Internacional

This bibliographic review article analyzes and reviews various epistemological postulates and other contributions, generated through the development of different investigations carried out in various latitudes of the world in relation to the issue of the international financial administration. The objective of this theoretical article of bibliographic review consists of reviewing various postulates in relation to Financial Administration and taxation. As is academic knowledge, Financial Administration abroad is considered as a process that is carried out to establish strategies in the decisions related to cash movements that occur in the field of companies abroad. Due to the above, being this subject of capital importance for the knowledge of the different professionals in the area and researchers, this text focuses on presenting various positions that, in the area of financial markets and their taxation, exist on this subject.El presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica, analiza y reseña diversos postulados epistemológicos y otros aportes, generados a través del desarrollo de distintas investigaciones realizadas en variadas latitudes del mundo en relación con el tema de la administración financiera internacional. El objetivo del presente artículo teórico de revisión bibliográfica, consiste en reseñar diversos postulados en relación con la Administración Financiera y la tributación Como es de conocimiento académico, la Administración Financiera en el extranjero, es considerada como un proceso que se realiza para establecer estrategias en las decisiones relacionadas con los movimientos de efectivo que se presentan en el ámbito de las empresas en el exterior. Por lo anterior, siendo este tema, de capital importancia para el conocimiento de los distintos profesionales del área e investigadores, este texto se enfoca en presentar diversas posturas que, en el área de los mercados financieros y su tributación, existen sobre este tema

Influence of thresholding in mass and entropy dimension of 3-D soil images

With the advent of modern non-destructive tomography techniques, there have been many attempts to analyze 3-D pore space features mainly concentrating on soil structure. This analysis opens a challenging opportunity to develop techniques for quantifying and describe pore space properties, one of them being fractal analysis. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from four horizons of Brazilian soil and 3-D images at 45μm resolution. Four different threshold criteria were used to transform computed tomography (CT) grey-scale imagery into binary imagery (pore/solid) to estimate their mass fractal dimension (Dm) and entropy dimension (D1). Each threshold criteria had a direct influence on the porosity obtained, varying from 8 to 24% in one of the samples, and on the fractal dimensions. Linear scaling was observed over all the cube sizes, however depending on the range of cube sizes used in the analysis, Dm could vary from 3.00 to 2.20, realizing that the threshold influenced mainly the scaling in the smallest cubes (length of size from 1 to 16 voxels). Dm and D1 showed a logarithmic relation with the apparent porosity in the image, however, the increase of both values respect to porosity defined a characteristic feature for each horizon that can be related to soil texture and depth

Election of Water Resources Management Entity Using a Multi-Criteria Decision (MCD) Method in Salta Province (Argentine)

At present, the water resources are a strategic element each time more necessary and limited becoming a source of conflicts. For that, it is fundamental to create an independent and competent entity with good reputation and social acceptation. This entity must be able to obtain, store and process all data dispersed in different entities creating a network for these purposes. Finally, it must be able to organize different branches between the government and the final users. Using one of the wellknown Multicriteria Decision Methods(MCDM) with several realistic alternatives and several criteria identified in expert seminars in Salta and Madrid, we have obtained hopeful results and more recently new modifications introduced have generated better results

Gestión de Recursos Humanos : Administración de Recursos Humanos por competencia aplicado al subsistema de evaluación del desempeño

Debido a los grandes cambios en el mundo son indispensable las mejoras continuas en los procesos organizacionales, ser parte de la competitividad, enfrentar retos ante el nacimiento de nuevos sistemas de evaluación del desempeño, crecimiento de las demandas sociales, tras estos significativos cambios es importante conocer el nuevo enfoque de competencias laborales, dentro del área de gestión de recursos humanos. El presente documento consiste en el análisis a la administración de recursos humanos por competencias laborales aplicado al subsistema de evaluación al desempeño, donde se muestra que la administración de recursos humanos basado en este enfoque podrá obtener varios logros tanto personales como organizacionales, adecuados para el desarrollo de las funciones de la empresa, además de distinguir quien realiza bien su trabajo y quién no, se detectan las competencias que requiere el puesto de trabajo y quien será la persona adecuada para ocuparlo. Se identifican los tres tipos de competencias como: Competencias básicas que son las que nos permiten integrarnos a la sociedad, estas se aprenden en la educación inicial. Competencias genéricas son las capacidades estratégicas que necesitan las organizaciones para definir su modelo de éxito. Competencias específicas adquiridas por medio de estudios, experiencias y desarrollo de distintas habilidades y destrezas. Según los estudiado en este documento se puede afirmar que la evaluación por competencia laboral permite apreciar el grado de desarrollo de las competencias de las personas, interacción de disposiciones (valores, actitudes, motivaciones, intereses, rasgos de personalidad, etc.), conocimientos y habilidades, interiorizados en cada persona. Se desarrolla el modelo de competencia el cual les dará a las organizaciones una mejor visión estratégica en este mundo competitivo, donde cada organización debe emprender a los cambios para seguir dentro del mercado laboral, se explica el modelo iceberg el cual asemeja a las organizaciones con un iceberg donde hay una parte visible y no visible, divide a las competencias en dos grupos: Competencia técnica y competencia de gestión. La administración de recursos humanos por competencias laborales además de ser una herramienta para evaluar el desempeño de los colaboradores de una organización, busca comprometer al empleado con la organización. Mediante la aplicación de las competencia laborales, el capital humano se pule con el fin de obtener mejores resultados dentro de su puesto de trabajo, asegurándose así un capital humano competente con el cual la organización se sienta identificada para el logro de sus objetivos. El enfoque de competencias laborales está siendo aplicado como nueva perspectiva saliendo de la forma tradicional, para adentrarse a nuevas formas de evaluar a los empleados de las organizaciones para hacer crecer a su capital humano tanto en lo profesional como en lo personal, permitiendo alcanzar mayores niveles de competitividad

Mabel Campagnoli, María Marta Herrera, Adriana Valobra (coord.) (2021) Feminismos Plurales, conflictos y articulaciones, Buenos Aires, Tren en Movimiento, 238 pp.

Mabel Campagnoli, María Marta Herrera, Adriana Valobra (coord.) (2021) Feminismos Plurales, conflictos y articulaciones, Buenos Aires, Tren en Movimiento, 238 pp

Comparison of Brans Promethee multicriteria decision method and Promethee modified by authors for the optimization of an erosion control integral plan in Chaco area in Salta province (Argentine)

Chaco area is situated in the Province of Salta at North West of Argentine. The desertification is a big problem. In order to mitigate the problem it is necessary to take into account not only pedologic criteria but the economical, environmental, cultural and sociological criteria. Six sub zones have been established following previous studies. Eight criteria and six alternatives have been introduced in the model. Following the results of the study carried out by a collaborative project between UPM and UCS financed by AECID (1) were established several initial matrix. Brans Promethee multicriteria decision method (MCDM) was applied and the authors modified that method introducing weights like in Electre metho

Survey and brain storming studies about machines, constructions, human and environmental risk consideration in the careers of the Universidad Politécnica of Madrid

The Universidad Politécnica of Madrid (UPM) includes schools and faculties that were for engineering degrees, architecture and computer science, that are now in a quick EEES Bolonia Plan metamorphosis getting into degrees, masters and doctorate structures. They are focused towards action in machines, constructions, enterprises, that are subjected to machines, human and environment created risks. These are present in actions such as use loads, wind, snow, waves, flows, earthquakes, forces and effects in machines, vehicles behavior, chemical effects, and other environmental factors including effects of crops, cattle and beasts, forests, and varied essential economic and social disturbances. Emphasis is for authors in this session more about risks of natural origin, such as for hail, winds, snow or waves that are not exactly known a priori, but that are often considered with statistical expected distributions giving extreme values for convenient return periods. These distributions are known from measures in time, statistic of extremes and models about hazard scenarios and about responses of man made constructions or devices. In each engineering field theories were built about hazards scenarios and how to cover for important risks. Engineers must get that the systems they handle, such as vehicles, machines, firms or agro lands or forests, obtain production with enough safety for persons and with decent economic results in spite of risks. For that risks must be considered in planning, in realization and in operation, and safety margins must be taken but at a reasonable cost. That is a small level of risks will often remain, due to limitations in costs or because of due to strange hazards, and maybe they will be covered by insurance in cases such as in transport with cars, ships or aircrafts, in agro for hail, or for fire in houses or in forests. These and other decisions about quality, security for men or about business financial risks are sometimes considered with Decision Theories models, using often tools from Statistics or operational Research. The authors have done and are following field surveys about risk consideration in the careers in UPM, making deep analysis of curricula taking into account the new structures of degrees in the EEES Bolonia Plan, and they have considered the risk structures offered by diverse schools of Decision theories. That gives an aspect of the needs and uses, and recommendations about improving in the teaching about risk, that may include special subjects especially oriented for each career, school or faculty, so as to be recommended to be included into the curricula, including an elaboration and presentation format using a multi-criteria decision model

CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DA HOSPITALIDADE RELIGIOSA NO ÂMBITO DA IGREJA CATÓLICA: alguns estudos de caso

O presente artigo pretende explicitar como a hospitalidade é conceituada dentro da doutrina católica, bem como entender o exercício daquela pelos adeptos do catolicismo através da contemplação de alguns estudos de caso. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória à qual se subsidia de fontes bibliográficas e acessos a páginas web, utilizando método indutivo para a discussão de dados angariados. A análise dos estudos de caso permitiu concluir que, em termos gerais, a hospitalidade é praticada pelos católicos, muito embora as fontes sobre o tema sejam ainda escassas e que o termo “hospitalidade” como tal seja de difícil verificação na literatura disponível