FACTORS AFFECTING THE LIKELIHOOD OF CORN ROOTWORM BT SEED ADOPTION

The likelihood of adopting corn rootworm (CRW) Bt seed technology was analyzed using an ordered logit model. Data used to estimate the model came from USDAs 2001 Agricultural Resource Management Survey. Statistically significant variables include operator age, farm type, farm size, rootworm loss and current treatment for rootworm, off farm labor, and Bt technology for corn borer. The likelihood of adoption was not related to crop rotation, tillage system, new variant CRW region, or education.Crop Production/Industries,

DECOMPOSING THE SIZE EFFECT ON THE ADOPTION OF INNOVATIONS: AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION FARMING

This study contrasts the relationship between farm-size and adoption for two types of innovations, genetically engineered crops and precision farming, controlling for other factors. The analysis uses an extension of the McDonald and Moffit decomposition for the two-limit Tobit model.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Optimización de tratamientos a baja temperatura para incrementar fenoles hidrofílicos en la fracción líquida de Alperujo

Hydrophilic phenols are the main bioactive compounds in alperujo. Among them, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and Tyrosol (Ty), are the most relevant and deeply studied. These compounds exhibit high antioxidant capacity and a wide range of health benefits as well as technologically promising properties. Given that, their recovery represents an attractive opportunity to valorize this by-product. In this work low thermal treatments were applied to alperujo in order to obtain phenol-enriched liquid fractions. Optimization assays combining different levels of temperature (30 to 90 ºC), time (60 to 180 min) and water content (70 to 90%), followed by response surface methodologies were performed. The results indicated that by applying optimal conditions, is possible to obtain theoretical yields of Total phenols, DHPG, HT and Ty of 2.4, 957.8, 3.4 and 6.4 times greater, respectively, than raw dry alperujo. Interestingly, all the evaluated conditions can be reproduced with low investment in a standard olive oil industry.Los fenoles hidrofílicos representan los principales compuestos bioactivos del alperujo. Los más relevantes son 3,4-Dihidroxifenilglicol (DHFG), Hidroxitirosol (HT) y Tirosol (Ti). Estos compuestos presentan alta capacidad antioxidante, beneficios para la salud e importantes propiedades tecnológicas, por ello su recuperación representa una alternativa para la valorización de este subproducto. En este trabajo, se aplicaron al alperujo tratamientos térmicos para obtener fracciones líquidas enriquecidas con compuestos fenólicos. Se realizaron ensayos combinando niveles de temperatura (30 ºC a 90 ºC), tiempo (60 min a 180 min) y humedad del alperujo (70 % a 90 %), seguidos de metodologías de superficie de respuesta. Los resultados indicaron que, mediante la aplicación de las condiciones óptimas, es posible obtener rendimientos teóricos de fenoles totales, DHFG, HT y Ti, 2.4, 957.8, 3.4 y 6.4 veces superiores a los obtenidos a partir del alperujo inicial. Es destacable que las condiciones establecidas, se pueden reproducir con bajo costo en una industria olivícola estándar

Comportamiento del herbicida fluometurón en un suelo de olivar enmendado con organoarcilla bajo condiciones de campo

7 páginas, 6 figuras, 3 tablas, 19 referencias.-- Publicado en el capítulo Tema 2 – Propriedades e processos do solo.-- Congreso celebrado en septiembre de 2012, en Islas Azores, Portugal.Las arcillas modificadas con cationes orgánicos u organoarcillas suelen presentar buenas propiedades adsorbentes para muchos plaguicidas y se han propuesto en diferentes aplicaciones dirigidas a reducir la movilidad de estos compuestos tras su aplicación a los suelos agrícolas. En trabajos previos realizados en condiciones de laboratorio, observamos que la modificación de una montmorillonita de Wyoming (SWy- 2) con el catión orgánico de origen natural espermina (SPERM) daba lugar a una organoarcilla (SW- SPERM) con una afinidad muy elevada por el herbicida fluometurón y que la adición de SW-SPERM a suelos aumentaba el poder de retención de éstos y reducía la lixiviación del herbicida. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido evaluar el efecto de la adición de SW-SPERM a un suelo de olivar mediterráneo en la persistencia, lixiviación y escorrentía del herbicida fluometurón bajo condiciones reales de campo. Se utilizaron dos parcelas de 4 x 1 m, una sin enmendar y otra enmendada con SW-SPERM a 0.2 kg/m2, a las que se aplicó fluometurón a 3 kg/ha. Se tomaron muestras de suelo a diferentes tiempos y profundidades (0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) y se determinó la cantidad de herbicida en las mismas así como en las aguas de escorrentía procedentes de cada parcela. En la parcela enmendada con SW-SPERM, el herbicida persistió durante más tiempo en los primeros 0-5 cm de suelo, presentando una menor lixiviación en comparación con la parcela sin enmendar. Las concentraciones de herbicida en las aguas de escorrentía de la parcela enmendada con SW-SPERM fueron superiores que en las aguas procedentes de la parcela sin enmendar, probablemente por la mayor persistencia del herbicida en el horizonte más superficial y el posible arrastre de herbicida asociado a partículas de arcilla. Los resultados apuntan a que SW-SPERM podría ser útil como enmienda de suelos para aumentar el tiempo de residencia de fluometurón en la zona radicular, controlando el posible riesgo por escorrentía del herbicida o aplicando la organoarcilla a una cierta profundidad en el suelo para protegerla de la escorrentía.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Junta de Andalucía a través del proyecto P07-AGR-03077, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER-FSE a través del programa Operativo de Andalucía 2007-2013. Beatriz Gámiz agradece a la Junta de Andalucía la concesión de una beca de Formación de Personal Investigador, cofinanciada con fondos FSE.Peer Reviewe

FT-MIR determination of taste-related compounds in tomato: a high throughput phenotyping analysis for selection programs

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ibáñez, Ginés, Mercedes Valcárcel, Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo, and Salvador Roselló. 2019. FT-MIR Determination of Taste-related Compounds in Tomato: A High Throughput Phenotyping Analysis for Selection Programs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99 (11). Wiley: 5140 48. doi:10.1002/jsfa.9760, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9760. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] BACKGROUND: Tomato taste is defined by the accumulation of sugars and organic acids. Individual analyses of these compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are expensive, time-consuming and are not feasible for large number of samples, justifying the interest of spectroscopic methods such as Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR). This work analyzed the performance of FT-MIR models to determine the accumulation of sugars and acids, considering the efficiency of models obtained with different ranges of variation. RESULTS: FT-MIR spectra (five-bounce attenuated total reflectance, ATR) were used to obtain partial least squares (PLS) models to predict sugar and acid contents in specific sample sets representing different varietal types. A general model was also developed, obtaining R-2 values for prediction higher than 0.84 for main components (soluble solids content, fructose, glucose, and citric acid). Root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) for these components were lower than 15% of the mean contents and lower than 6% of the highest contents. Even more, the model sensitivity and specificity for those variables with a 10% selection pressure was 100%. That means that all samples with the 10% highest content were correctly identified. The model was applied to an external assay and it exhibited, for main components, high sensitivities (> 70%) and specificities (> 96%). RMSEP values for main compounds were lower than 21% and 13% of the mean and maximum content respectively. CONCLUSION: The models obtained confirm the effectiveness of FT-MIR models to select samples with high contents of taste-related compounds, even when the calibration has not been performed within the same assay. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical IndustryThis research was performed despite the lack of direct public funding for its development and thanks to the enthusiasm of the authors. The authors thank Dr Lahoz and Dr Campillo for providing samples of processing tomato. G. Ibanez thanks Universitat Jaume I for funding his pre-doctoral grant (PREDOC/2015/45).Ibañez, G.; Valcárcel-Germes, M.; Cebolla Cornejo, J.; Rosello Ripolles, S. (2019). FT-MIR determination of taste-related compounds in tomato: a high throughput phenotyping analysis for selection programs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 99(11):5140-5148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9760514051489911Davies, J. N., Hobson, G. E., & McGlasson, W. B. (1981). The constituents of tomato fruit — the influence of environment, nutrition, and genotype. C R C Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 15(3), 205-280. doi:10.1080/10408398109527317Díaz de León-Sánchez, F., Pelayo-Zaldívar, C., Rivera-Cabrera, F., Ponce-Valadez, M., Ávila-Alejandre, X., Fernández, F. J., … Pérez-Flores, L. J. (2009). Effect of refrigerated storage on aroma and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in tomato fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 54(2), 93-100. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.07.003Cebolla-Cornejo, J., Valcárcel, M., Herrero-Martínez, J. M., Roselló, S., & Nuez, F. (2012). High efficiency joint CZE determination of sugars and acids in vegetables and fruits. ELECTROPHORESIS, 33(15), 2416-2423. doi:10.1002/elps.201100640Nicolaï, B. M., Beullens, K., Bobelyn, E., Peirs, A., Saeys, W., Theron, K. I., & Lammertyn, J. (2007). Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality by means of NIR spectroscopy: A review. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 46(2), 99-118. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.06.024Lahoz, I., Leiva-Brondo, M., Martí, R., Macua, J. I., Campillo, C., Roselló, S., & Cebolla-Cornejo, J. (2016). Influence of high lycopene varieties and organic farming on the production and quality of processing tomato. Scientia Horticulturae, 204, 128-137. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.042Martí, R., Valcárcel, M., Leiva-Brondo, M., Lahoz, I., Campillo, C., Roselló, S., & Cebolla-Cornejo, J. (2018). Influence of controlled deficit irrigation on tomato functional value. Food Chemistry, 252, 250-257. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.098Fearn, T. (2002). Assessing Calibrations: SEP, RPD, RER and R2. NIR news, 13(6), 12-13. doi:10.1255/nirn.689Vermeir, S., Beullens, K., Mészáros, P., Polshin, E., Nicolaï, B. M., & Lammertyn, J. (2009). Sequential injection ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for taste analysis in tomato. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 137(2), 715-721. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2009.01.056Lin, T., Zhu, G., Zhang, J., Xu, X., Yu, Q., Zheng, Z., … Huang, S. (2014). Genomic analyses provide insights into the history of tomato breeding. Nature Genetics, 46(11), 1220-1226. doi:10.1038/ng.3117Ursem, R., Tikunov, Y., Bovy, A., van Berloo, R., & van Eeuwijk, F. (2008). A correlation network approach to metabolic data analysis for tomato fruits. Euphytica, 161(1-2), 181-193. doi:10.1007/s10681-008-9672-yBeullens, K., Kirsanov, D., Irudayaraj, J., Rudnitskaya, A., Legin, A., Nicolaï, B. M., & Lammertyn, J. (2006). The electronic tongue and ATR–FTIR for rapid detection of sugars and acids in tomatoes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 116(1-2), 107-115. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2005.11.084Rudnitskaya, A., Kirsanov, D., Legin, A., Beullens, K., Lammertyn, J., Nicolaï, B. M., & Irudayaraj, J. (2006). Analysis of apples varieties – comparison of electronic tongue with different analytical techniques. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 116(1-2), 23-28. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2005.11.069GALIANA-BALAGUER, L., IBÁÑEZ, G., CEBOLLA-CORNEJO, J., & ROSELLÓ, S. (2018). Evaluation of germplasm in Solanum section Lycopersicon for tomato taste improvement. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, 42(5), 309-321. doi:10.3906/tar-1712-6

Factorization conditions for nonlinear second-order differential equations

For the case of nonlinear second-order differential equations with a constant coefficient of the first derivative term and polynomial nonlinearities, the factorization conditions of Rosu and Cornejo-Perez are approached in two ways: (i) by commuting the subindices of the factorization functions in the two factorization conditions and (ii) by leaving invariant only the first factorization condition achieved by using monomials or polynomial sequences. For the first case the factorization brackets commute and the generated equations are only equations of Ermakov-Pinney type. The second modification is non commuting, leading to nonlinear equations with different nonlinear force terms, but the same first-order part as the initially factored equation. It is illustrated for monomials with the examples of the generalized Fisher and FitzHugh-Nagumo initial equations. A polynomial sequence example is also included.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 17 references, for NMMP-2022 proceeding

Factorization and Lie point symmetries of general Lienard-type equation in the complex plane

We present a variational approach to a general Lienard-type equation in order to linearize it and, as an example, the Van der Pol oscillator is discussed. The new equation which is almost linear is factorized. The point symmetries of the deformed equation are also discussed and the two-dimensional Lie algebraic generators are obtained

Pharmacogenomics of prostaglandin and leukotriene receptors

Los antecedentes genéticos individuales junto con los efectos ambientales se cree que están detrás de muchas enfermedades complejas. Una serie de variantes genéticas, principalmente los SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), han demostrado estar asociados con diferentes patologías y afecciones inflamatorias, que representan potenciales dianas terapéuticas. Las prostaglandinas (PTGs) y leucotrienos (LTs) son eicosanoides derivados del ácido araquidónico y relacionados con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados participan tanto en la homeostasis normal y en condiciones inflamatorias. Estos mediadores lípidos bioactivos son sintetizados a través de dos grandes vías enzimáticas multipaso: PTGs por la ciclooxigenasa y la lipooxigenasa DE 5 LTS. Los principales efectos fisiológicos de PTGs incluyen vasodilatación y la fuga vascular (PTGE2); la maduración de los mastocitos, eosinófilos, y reacciones alérgicas (PTGD2); vascular y la contracción del músculo liso de las vías respiratorias (PTGF2), e inhibición de la agregación plaquetaria (PTGI2). LTB4 está principalmente involucrado en el reclutamiento de los neutrófilos, fuga vascular y en la función de la barrera epitelial, mientras que cisteinil LTs (CysLTs) (LTC4, LTD4 y LTE4) inducen la broncoconstricción y extravasación de neutrófilos, y también participar en la fuga vascular. PTGs y LTs ejercen sus funciones biológicas mediante su unión a receptores afines, que pertenecen a las siete transmembranas acopladas a proteínas G, la superfamilia de receptores. Los SNPs en genes que codifican estos receptores pueden influir en su funcionalidad, ya que tienen un papel en la susceptibilidad a las enfermedades y la respuesta al tratamiento de los medicamentos. En esta revisión resumimos los SNPs en PTGs y receptores de LTs y su relevancia en enfermedades humanas. También ofrecemos información sobre la expresión génica. Por último, podemos especular sobre la dirección futura de este tema.Individual genetic background together with environmental effects are thought to be behind many human complex diseases. A number of genetic variants, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been shown to be associated with various pathological and inflammatory conditions, representing potential therapeutic targets. Prostaglandins (PTGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) are eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid and related polyunsaturated fatty acids that participate in both normal homeostasis and inflammatory conditions. These bioactive lipid mediators are synthesized through two major multistep enzymatic pathways: PTGs by cyclooxygenase and LTs by 5-lipoxygenase. The main physiological effects of PTGs include vasodilation and vascular leakage (PTGE2); mast cell maturation, eosinophil recruitment, and allergic responses (PTGD2); vascular and respiratory smooth muscle contraction (PTGF2), and inhibition of platelet aggregation (PTGI2). LTB4 is mainly involved in neutrophil recruitment, vascular leakage, and epithelial barrier function, whereas cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs) (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) induce bronchoconstriction and neutrophil extravasation, and also participate in vascular leakage. PTGs and LTs exert their biological functions by binding to cognate receptors, which belong to the seven transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. SNPs in genes encoding these receptors may influence their functionality and have a role in disease susceptibility and drug treatment response. In this review we summarize SNPs in PTGs and LTs receptors and their relevance in human diseases. We also provide information on gene expression. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this topic.Trabajo patrocinado por: Programa Miguel Servet. Ref CP14/00034, para José Antonio Cornejo García Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y Instituto Nacional de Salud Carlos III y Fondos FEDER. Programa Sara Borrell. Ref. CD14/00242, para James R. Perkins Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad e Instituto Nacional de Salud Carlos III y Fondos FEDER. Becas FISPI12/02247, FISPI13/02598 y FISPI15/00726 Servicio Público de Salud de Andalucía. Beca PI-0279-2012 Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER. Beca GR15026peerReviewe