178 research outputs found

    Guide des stations forestiĂšres d'Ardenne

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    editorial reviewedÀ l’heure oĂč les forestiers s’interrogent sur la sylviculture Ă  mener face aux changements climatiques, le Guide des stations d’Ardenne apporte un Ă©clairage sur les potentialitĂ©s et sensibilitĂ©s sylvicoles de 17 grands types de stations ardennaises, depuis la tourbiĂšre jusqu’au versant chaud au sol superficiel, et y associe des conseils de sylviculture et des suggestions de choix d’essences. DĂ©veloppĂ© Ă  Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech dans le cadre du Plan quinquennal de recherches et vulgarisation forestiĂšres et disponible Ă  partir de l’étĂ© 2024, le Guide des stations forestiĂšres d’Ardenne est un nouvel outil Ă  destination des gestionnaires forestiers, dans le prolongement du Fichier Ă©cologique des essences. Il se base sur l’identification de types de station, en utilisant des critĂšres simples, pour proposer des conseils de gestion adaptĂ©s qui intĂšgrent les enjeux de durabilitĂ© et les contraintes climatiques. SynthĂšse d’une solide expertise de terrain et du travail de plusieurs chercheurs, ce guide a pour objectif de faciliter la comprĂ©hension du territoire et des possibles qu’il offre au 21e siĂšcle, en prĂ©sentant l’information de maniĂšre comprĂ©hensible, centralisĂ©e et facilement utilisable sur le terrain. Il s’accompagne d’une version cartographique et de cartes thĂ©matiques dĂ©rivĂ©es. Premier tome d’une sĂ©rie, les prochains volumes couvriront la Fagne-Famenne-Calestienne, le Condroz-ThiĂ©rache et la Lorraine belge.DĂ©veloppĂ© Ă  Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech dans le cadre du Plan quinquennal de recherches et vulgarisation forestiĂšre

    Major T Cell Progenitor Activity in Bone Marrow–derived Spleen Colonies

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    Common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) are generated in adult bone marrow (BM), but the intermediate steps leading to T cell commitment are unknown, and so is the site at which this commitment occurs. Here, we show that colonies arising in the spleen 12 days after BM injection harbor T cell precursors that are undetectable in BM. These precursors did not generate myeloid cells in vivo but repopulated the thymus and the peripheral T cell compartment much faster than did CLP. Two lineage negative (Lin−) subpopulations were distinguished, namely CD44+ Thy1− cells still capable of natural killer generation and transient low-level B cell generation, and T cell–restricted CD44− Thy1+ cells. At a molecular level, frequency of CD3ɛ and preTα mRNA was very different in each subset. Furthermore, only the CD44− Thy1+ subset have initiated rearrangements in the T cell receptor ÎČ locus. Thus, this study identifies extramedullary T cell progenitors and will allow easy approach to T cell commitment studies

    Development of an injectable composite for bone regeneration

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    With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques, there is a growing interest in the research and development of injectable biomaterials especially for orthopedic applications. In a view to enhance the overall surgery benefits for the patient, the BIOSINJECT project aims at preparing a new generation of mineral-organic composites for bone regeneration exhibiting bioactivity, therapeutic activity and easiness of use to broaden the application domains of the actual bone mineral cements and propose an alternative strategy with regard to their poor resorbability, injectability difficulties and risk of infection. First, a physical-chemical study demonstrated the feasibility of self-setting injectable composites associating calcium carbonate-calcium phosphate cement and polysaccharides (tailor-made or commercial polymer) in the presence or not of an antibacterial agent within the composite formulation. Then, bone cell response and antimicrobial activity of the composite have been evaluated in vitro. Finally, in order to evaluate resorption rate and bone tissue response an animal study has been performed and the histological analysis is still in progress. These multidisciplinary and complementary studies led to promising results in a view of the industrial development of such composite for dental and orthopaedic applications

    De l’argument Ă  l’action : la biodiversitĂ© au service des jardins familiaux

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    Le prĂ©sent article Ă©tudie les relations qui se tissent entre les jardins familiaux et la notion de biodiversitĂ©. Pour ce faire, il confronte deux Ă©chelles d’analyse. À l’échelle nationale, il montre que la biodiversitĂ© procĂšde pleinement de la stratĂ©gie de la FĂ©dĂ©ration nationale des jardins familiaux et collectifs en faveur de la (rĂ©)affirmation de ces potagers urbains. Cette structure accompagne ainsi des projets pensĂ©s comme durables et conçus pour ĂȘtre favorables Ă  la faune et Ă  la flore. À l’échelle locale, les relevĂ©s Ă©cologiques rĂ©alisĂ©s dans des sites marseillais dĂ©signent les jardins familiaux comme des rĂ©servoirs d’une biodiversitĂ© abondante mais ordinaire. Face Ă  l’urbanisation, celle-ci sert souvent d’argument de dĂ©fense pour les associations de gestion. Les jardins familiaux gĂ©nĂšrent, par ailleurs, des considĂ©rations et des pratiques renouvelĂ©es, mais encore fortement empreintes de reprĂ©sentations et d’ambiguĂŻtĂ©s Ă  l’égard de la notion de biodiversitĂ©. De fait, la flore spontanĂ©e et la faune du sol demeurent des impensĂ©s de l’écosystĂšme du potager.This article studies the relationships between allotment gardens and the notion of biodiversity. To do so, it compares two levels of analysis. On the national level, it shows that biodiversity is an integral part of the strategy developed by the National Federation of Allotment and Community Gardens (in French FĂ©dĂ©ration nationale des jardins familiaux et collectifs) in support of these urban vegetable gardens. This association facilitates projects designed to be sustainable and to provide a favourable environment for plant and animal life. At the local level, ecological surveys conducted in certain locations in Marseilles have designated allotment gardens as the reservoirs of an abundant although ordinary biodiversity. In a context of urbanisation, this often serves as an argument in favour of community garden management associations. Allotment gardens also give rise to renewed considerations and practises, but ones which are greatly marked by representations and ambiguities regarding the notion of biodiversity. As a result, the spontaneous growth of plants and animal life in the soil are the unplanned results of the vegetable garden

    Instance nationale et multi-communauté de DIRAC pour France Grilles

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    DIRAC [DIRAC] [TSA-08] is a software framework for building distributed computing systems. It was primarily designed forthe needs of the LHCb [LHCb] Collaboration, and is now used by many other communities within EGI [EGI] as a primary wayof accessing grid resources. In France, dedicated instances of the service have been deployed in different locations toanswer specific needs. Building upon this existing expertise, France Grilles [FG] initiated last year a project to deploy anational, multi-community instance in order to share expertise and provide a consistent high-quality service. After describingDIRAC main aims and functionalities, this paper presents the motivations for such a project, as well as the wholeorganizational and technical process that led to the establishment of a production instance that already serves 13communities: astro.vo.eu-egee.org, biomed, esr, euasia, gilda, glast.org, prod.vo.eu-eela.eu, superbvo.org,vo.formation.idgrilles.fr, vo.france-asia.org, vo.france-grilles.fr, vo.msfg.fr and vo.mcia.fr

    Right-to-left shunt with hypoxemia in pulmonary hypertension

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypoxemia is common in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and may be partly related to ventilation/perfusion mismatch, low diffusion capacity, low cardiac output, and/or right-to-left (RL) shunting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To determine whether true RL shunting causing hypoxemia is caused by intracardiac shunting, as classically considered, a retrospective single center study was conducted in consecutive patients with precapillary PH, with hypoxemia at rest (PaO<sub>2 </sub>< 10 kPa), shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) greater than 5%, elevated alveolar-arterial difference of PO<sub>2 </sub>(AaPO<sub>2</sub>), and with transthoracic contrast echocardiography performed within 3 months.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among 263 patients with precapillary PH, 34 patients were included: pulmonary arterial hypertension, 21%; PH associated with lung disease, 47% (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 23%; interstitial lung disease, 9%; other, 15%); chronic thromboembolic PH, 26%; miscellaneous causes, 6%. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, and pulmonary vascular resistance were 45.8 ± 10.8 mmHg, 2.2 ± 0.6 L/min/m<sup>2</sup>, and 469 ± 275 dyn.s.cm<sup>-5</sup>, respectively. PaO<sub>2 </sub>in room air was 6.8 ± 1.3 kPa. Qs/Qt was 10.2 ± 4.2%. AaPO<sub>2 </sub>under 100% oxygen was 32.5 ± 12.4 kPa. Positive contrast was present at transthoracic contrast echocardiography in 6/34 (18%) of patients, including only 4/34 (12%) with intracardiac RL shunting. Qs/Qt did not correlate with hemodynamic parameters. Patients' characteristics did not differ according to the result of contrast echocardiography.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>When present in patients with precapillary PH, RL shunting is usually not related to reopening of patent <it>foramen ovale</it>, whatever the etiology of PH.</p

    The "extreme phenotype approach" applied to male breast cancer allows the identification of rare variants of ATR as potential breast cancer susceptibility alleles

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    In oncogenetics, some patients could be considered as "extreme phenotypes", such as those with very early onset presentation or multiple primary malignancies, unusually high numbers of cancers of the same spectrum or rare cancer types in the same parental branch. For these cases, a genetic predisposition is very likely, but classical candidate gene panel analyses often and frustratingly remains negative. In the framework of the EX2TRICAN project, exploring unresolved extreme cancer phenotypes, we applied exome sequencing on rare familial cases with male breast cancer, identifying a novel pathogenic variant of ATR (p.Leu1808*). ATR has already been suspected as being a predisposing gene to breast cancer in women. We next identified 3 additional ATR variants in a cohort of both male and female with early onset and familial breast cancers (c.7762-2A>C; c.2078+1G>A; c.1A>G). Further molecular and cellular investigations showed impacts on transcripts for variants affecting splicing sites and reduction of ATR expression and phosphorylation of the ATR substrate CHEK1. This work further demonstrates the interest of an extended genetic analysis such as exome sequencing to identify very rare variants that can play a role in cancer predisposition in extreme phenotype cancer cases unexplained by classical cancer gene panels testing

    A Solve-RD ClinVar-based reanalysis of 1522 index cases from ERN-ITHACA reveals common pitfalls and misinterpretations in exome sequencing

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    Purpose Within the Solve-RD project (https://solve-rd.eu/), the European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies aimed to investigate whether a reanalysis of exomes from unsolved cases based on ClinVar annotations could establish additional diagnoses. We present the results of the “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” reanalysis, reasons for the failure of previous analyses, and lessons learned. Methods Data from the first 3576 exomes (1522 probands and 2054 relatives) collected from European Reference Network for Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism and Congenital Anomalies was reanalyzed by the Solve-RD consortium by evaluating for the presence of single-nucleotide variant, and small insertions and deletions already reported as (likely) pathogenic in ClinVar. Variants were filtered according to frequency, genotype, and mode of inheritance and reinterpreted. Results We identified causal variants in 59 cases (3.9%), 50 of them also raised by other approaches and 9 leading to new diagnoses, highlighting interpretation challenges: variants in genes not known to be involved in human disease at the time of the first analysis, misleading genotypes, or variants undetected by local pipelines (variants in off-target regions, low quality filters, low allelic balance, or high frequency). Conclusion The “ClinVar low-hanging fruit” analysis represents an effective, fast, and easy approach to recover causal variants from exome sequencing data, herewith contributing to the reduction of the diagnostic deadlock

    Quand le rythme traduit l’émotion : la « fugue verbale » de David Markson

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    Cet article se propose d’examiner les stratĂ©gies traductives de Claro dans sa traduction du roman de David Markson This is Not a Novel (2001), publiĂ©e sous le titre ArrĂȘter d’écrire (2007). Soumise au prisme du rythme, la comparaison entre le texte de Markson et sa traduction s’articule autour des deux grands axes de la rĂ©pĂ©tition et de la variation d’intensitĂ©. Montrant les rĂ©ussites de la traduction de Claro, mais aussi contestant certains de ses choix, cet article met en cause par exemple la traduction de formes en -ING par le participe prĂ©sent, et du gĂ©nitif saxon par le complĂ©ment de nom. Selon des considĂ©rations linguistiques autant que traductologiques, il apparaĂźt que l’équivalence d’une langue Ă  l’autre entre ces structures n’est qu’apparente, et pose un vrai problĂšme de traduction. La saillance du personnage, l’intensitĂ© Ă©motive due Ă  l’économie de ces structures syntaxiques anglaises sont-elles suffisamment bien rendues dans la version française ?This article examines the translating strategies of Claro in his translation of David Markson’s This is Not a Novel (2001; French translation ArrĂȘter d’écrire, 2007). Rhythm is used as a critical tool, with the original text and its translation being compared in terms of repetition and variation of intensity. The article highlights the successes of Claro’s translation, while also questioning some of his choices. For instance, should -ING forms be systematically rendered by French present participles, or saxon genitives by French noun phrases? Borrowing from linguistics as well as from translation studies, this article points to a difficulty with the translation of these structures into French. Indeed, the main character’s saliency and the handling of emotion conveyed by the very economy of these syntactic forms in English may not be adequately translated by the seemingly equivalent French forms

    Towards a poetics of connection in the fragmented texts of David Markson (1927-2010)

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    La fragmentation apparente de l’écriture de David Markson, de Reader’s Block (1996) Ă  TheLast Novel (2007), s’assortit d’une continuitĂ© assumĂ©e par une voix narrative mise en scĂšnejusque dans sa prĂ©tendue disparition. MalgrĂ© le rejet des conventions fictionnelles annoncĂ©dans This is Not a Novel (2001), Markson fait preuve d’un attachement paradoxal au roman,jouant du caractĂšre protĂ©iforme du genre jusqu’à l’excĂšs plutĂŽt que jusqu’à l’épuisement, dansun style aussi prolifique que minimaliste qui fait la part belle au non dit malgrĂ© la prĂ©senceoccasionnelle de commentaires mĂ©tafictionnels. L’analyse de l’ensemble Ă©clectique des Ă©critsde David Markson (1927-2010) montre que la pratique de la citation, qui constitue l’essentielde la matiĂšre de ses derniers textes, est Ă  l’oeuvre dĂšs ses dĂ©buts d’auteur, et que sousl’apparence d’une diffĂ©rence radicale ses derniers « romans » comportent des traces de sonpassage par le roman policier, l’anthologie, le western, la poĂ©sie, ou des formesd’autobiographie et de monologue intĂ©rieur. L’influence de Malcolm Lowry dĂ©passe le cadrede l’étude que David Markson consacra Ă  Au-dessous du volcan, ou de son propre « romanmexicain ». Des instruments linguistiques, Ă©nonciatifs et cognitifs, permettent d’explorer lefonctionnement du roman « expĂ©rimental » de David Markson, et de mettre en Ă©vidence lerĂŽle liant de l’anaphore et des marques d’énonciation dans une Ă©criture faussement disjointe etneutre. Donnant Ă  voir ce que masque l’idĂ©e de rupture, devenue conventionnelle, le lien soustendla phrase, le texte, et l’oeuvre, malgrĂ© un Ă©clatement – partiel – de l’écriture en fragments,et un bouleversement – relatif – de la linĂ©aritĂ©The seeming fragmentation of David Markson’s writing from Reader’s Block (1996) to TheLast Novel (2007) is combined with a form of continuity led by a narrative voice whoseapparent vanishing is merely staged. Despite his claiming to reject all fictional conventions inThis is Not a Novel (2001), Markson proves paradoxically attached to the novel as a form,exploring the multiple possibilities of the genre rather than driving it to exhaustion. His styleis both minimalist and profuse, and leaves much unsaid despite existing – if occasional –metafictional comments. A close reading of the miscellaneous works by David Markson(1927-2010) shows that his extensive use of quotations, making up the main material of hislater works, was a very early hallmark of his writings. For all their apparently radicaldifference, his later texts still bear signs that can be traced back to previous literaryexperiments as varied as detective novels, an anthology, a western, poetry, quasiautobiographyand interior monologue. Malcolm Lowry’s influence on Markson’s workreaches beyond his early study of Under the Volcano and his own « Mexican novel ». Placingthe text under close scrutiny by means of linguistic tools, mainly enunciative and cognitive,provides evidence of the linking role of anaphoric devices and of a subjective handling of adeceitfully disconnected and neutral writing. The search for breaks and breaches has nowbecome conventional, but actually conceals what can be revealed when looking forconnections. Indeed, continuity still underpins sentence, text and work, despite a (partial)splitting of the text into fragments and a (relative) upsetting of linear orde
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