O POTENCIAL DO PROGRAMA CIÊNCIA SEM FRONTEIRAS E AS OPORTUNIDADES QUE O BREXIT PODE PROPORCIONAR AO BRASIL: ENXERGANDO AS LUZES NO FIM DO TÚNEL

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a disparidade regional que o programa Ciência sem Fronteiras apresenta no que concerne à distribuição de bolsas entre as regiões do Brasil, com o intuito de analisar como o programa pode se tornar mais holístico com base em projetos mais consolidados como, o Erasmus. Também analisamos como o Brasil pode angariar novas parcerias educacionais com o Reino Unido pós-Brexit. Em termos metodológicos, uma pesquisa documental de caráter qualitativo foi realizada por meio de dados coletados em sites oficiais e literatura sobre os programas. Os resultados confirmam a disparidade regional, apontam caminhos para que o Ciência sem Fronteiras se torne um programa mais abrangente e vislumbra possíveis parcerias educacionais com o Reino Unido pós-Brexit

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

The relevance of interaction in English language teaching in Brazilian public schools

Interaction has attracted researchers regarding the influence of person-to-person relations in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. The Interactive Hypothesis states that communicative interaction relates language input to the learner's learning abilities and output, so learners can change their output given they are provided with Comprehensible Input. This paper examines the implications and the relevance of interaction within the framework of the Interaction Hypothesis Theory in English Second Language Teaching and Acquisition in Brazilian state schools. The work aims to present the theoretical rationales and relate them to classroom practice. The Brazilian second language teaching reality is a starting point for possible applications of theoretical rationales related to this theory. A chronological perspective regarding Krashen's Monitor Model and the dichotomous Hypothesis of Acquisition and Learning is drawn. Krashen's five Hypotheses are presented with emphasis on the Input Hypothesis and the Interaction Hypothesis. The second part refers to a brief analysis of the reality of English classes as a foreign language in Brazil. It is suggested how face-to-face interactional processes can occur in the mentioned context with students and teachers. Then, tasks and students' features are discussed and analysed. Some emphasis on teachers' attitudes and students' aptitudes, motivation, and special skills is mentioned concerning the Brazilian language teaching context.A interação tem atraído pesquisadores no âmbito da influência das relações pessoais na aquisição de segunda língua (SLA). A Hipótese de Interação afirma que a interação comunicativa relaciona o insumo de linguagem às habilidades e aos resultados de aprendizagem do aluno (output), de modo que os estudantes possam alterar seus resultados, desde que receba um insumo compreensível. Este artigo examina as implicações e a relevância da interação no âmbito da Teoria das Hipóteses de Interação no Ensino e Aquisição de Língua Inglesa em escolas públicas brasileiras. O trabalho visa apresentar os fundamentos teóricos e relacioná-los com a prática em sala de aula. A realidade brasileira do ensino de segunda língua é o ponto de partida para possíveis aplicações dos fundamentos teóricos relacionados a essa teoria. Uma perspectiva cronológica em relação ao Modelo Monitor de Krashen e a hipótese dicotômica de Aquisição e Aprendizagem é delineada. As cinco hipóteses de Krashen são apresentadas com ênfase na Hipótese de Insumo e na Hipótese de Interação. A segunda parte refere-se a uma breve análise da realidade das aulas de inglês como língua estrangeira no Brasil. Sugerem-se como processos interacionais pessoais podem ocorrer no referido contexto com alunos e professores. Em seguida, as tarefas e características dos alunos são discutidas e analisadas, com ênfase nas atitudes dos professores e nas aptidões, motivação e habilidades especiais dos alunos no contexto do ensino de línguas no país

Transnacionalismo de prestígio na mobilidade acadêmica: projeções institucionais e relações (Pós)Coloniais desiguais

O fenômeno de transnacionalismo se relaciona, diretamente, com os programas de mobilidade acadêmica, que são mecanismos que viabilizam esse processo. A presente pesquisa investiga como um programa de mobilidade Brasil-Reino Unido, com “dupla-finalidade”, projeta discursivamente relações transnacionais, tendo em vista a proposta do conceito de transnacionalismo de prestígio. O estudo também se propõe a analisar como são apresentadas as características interpessoais e motivacionais dos participantes do programa, levando em consideração a emergência de um capital cultural cosmopolita, de um ethos neoliberal de competitividade; investigar como a experiência dos participantes está mobilizada dentro das publicações do programa, com o intuito de construir discursos de identidade, prestígio, influência e filantropia em múltiplas escalas; identificar a relação entre a participação no programa e as estruturas geopolíticas e sociais, tendo em vista as redes de influência que têm ênfase no espaço da metrópole global e periférica; observar e relacionar recursos semióticos e linguísticos utilizados pelo programa, tais como: símbolos, emblemas, cores, insígnias, no que concerne ao sentimento de pertencimento e de identidade e verificar como um programa de intercâmbio de prestígio pode contribuir para a criação de uma classe média global. No que diz respeito à metodologia, uma pesquisa de caráter quanti-qualitativo foi realizada para analisar os dados dos participantes do programa Chevening, por meio de Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC). Outros constructos teóricos da sociolinguística da globalização, tais como: escalas, cronotopos, indexicalidade e policentricidade foram utilizados na análise das relações semióticas dentro do programa. Os resultados do levantamento sinalizam que há mudanças nas escalas sociolinguísticas mobilizadas no programa e no contexto em um mundo globalizado e policêntrico, bem como os efeitos múltiplos das tensões de um programa com dupla-finalidade. Os resultados reforçam o cenário de restrição social e indicam possibilidades de aberturas para experiências trasnacionais mais democráticasConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe phenomenon of transnationalism is directly related to academic mobility schemes, which are mechanisms that enable this process. The present work investigates how a Brazil-UK "dual-goal" mobility program discursively projects transnational relations in view of a concept proposal of transnationalism of prestige. The study also analyzes how the participants’ interpersonal and motivational characteristics are presented taking into account the emergence of a cosmopolitan cultural capital from a competitive neoliberal ethos. It also investigates how the participants' experience is mobilized within the program publications to create discourses of identity, prestige, influence, and philanthropy at various scales, and identify a relationship between the participation in the program and geopolitical and social structures, in view of influence networks that emphasize the space of the global and peripheral metropolises. The research also aims to observe and relate semiotic and linguistic resources used by the program, such as: symbols, emblems, colours, signs related to feelings of belonging and identity; as well as verify how a prestigious exchange program can contribute to the creation of a global middle class. Regarding the methodology, a quanti-quali research was conducted to analyze data of the participants of the Chevening program by using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Other theoretical concepts of sociolinguistics of globalization, such as: scales, chronotopes, indexicality, and polycentricity were used in the analysis of semiotic relations in the scheme. The results indicate that there are changes in the sociolinguistics scales mobilized in the scheme and in the context of the globalized and polycentric world, and the multiple effects caused by the tensions of a "dual-goal" mobility program. The results reinforce social constraints and may allow changes to create more democratic transnational experiences136 f

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora