A participação dos pais no currículo do pré-escolar

MimeografadoOrientadora: Prof.ª Zélia Milléo PavãoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Curso de Pós-Graduação em EducaçãoInclui referências: p. 91-94Resumo: A educação pré-escolar corresponde a uma fase de desenvolvimento particularmente importante da criança, que vai desde o seu nascimento, até os seis ou sete anos, quando é recomendado o início da escolarização. Nesta fase, a criança convive em geral até os três anos de idade, exclusivamente com a família. Aos poucos, vai crescendo em direção a uma autonomia e tem condições de se desligar, progressivamente, dos laços maternos. Convém então, que ela passe a frequentar, em meio período, o ambiente extra familiar da pré-escola, com o objetivo de enriquecer suas experiências sociais, desenvolver suas habilidades e formar bons hábitos, em relação a s i mesma, aos outros e às coisas. Pela concomitância e intercomplementariedade do trabalho da família e da pré-escola, na fase pré-escolar, defende-se a tese da importância da participação efetiva dos pais, na elaboração, execução e avaliação do currículo. Em dez anos de experiência com crianças de pré-escola, no trabalho de classe e na Supervisão Escolar, foi tomando forma a ideia da necessidade de encontrar formas práticas de sugerir o envolvimento dos p ais, experimentando diversas alternativas como resultado, configurou-se a possibilidade de criar um Guia de Orientação aos Pais, que além de informações, poderia conter sugestões práticas de envolvimento, no currículo da Pré-Escola. É um instrumento que deve se r adaptado à realidade do jardim de infância que o utiliza e, que acompanha o currículo. Conclui-se que, ê fundamental o debate em relação ao problema e que todos devem tomar parte na responsabilidade de ajudar a criança a conquistar seu espaço e auto-educar-se, no mundo atual. Por outro lado, deve-se incentivar a formação adequada dos professores, para sua atuação na pré-escola, e dos pais para execução de sua tarefa junto à família . Recomenda-se aos cursos de formação de professores, à Universidade, aos centros de pesquisa e aos serviços comunitários, a direção de suas atividades, em favor da fase pré-escolar; às A.P.Ps., que criem mecanismos efetivos de envolvimento dos pais, na pré-escola; e, às pré-escolas , que incluam a participação dos pais no currículo, oferecendo sugestões práticas de envolvimento, visando trabalho conjunto na tomada de decisões e na execução das atividades, tendo como preocupação central, a criança.Abstract: Early Childhood Education corresponds to a particularly important developmental phasis of the child, since its birth until the age of six or seven years, being considered the beginning of elementary school. Generally, till the age of three years old, the child lives with its family, only. Between four and five, its growth toward self-independence gives conditions for its attendance, in a half-time period of pre-schooling. It may work for the social experiences, ability development and proper behavior towards itself, the others and the things around. Because of the necessary correspondence between the tasks of family and of pre-school, it is important to stimulate parent's involvement in the curriculum. Based upon an experience of ten years in pre-school classes, it had developed the idea, in order to find practical suggestions for parent's involvement. Consequently, it was been elaborated a Orientation Guide for Parents, that may, if adopted, correspond to the reality of the presented pre-school It has been concluded, that it is fundamental to stimulate debate, teachers-parents training and research for and about Early Childhood Education. I t has been recommended to the University, the teachers training Colleges, the Research Centers and the Community, the direction of their attention toward the pre-school child; to the parents Councils, the encouragement of parents involvement at pre-school; and to the pre-school, itself, the task of stimulate parents involvement in the curriculum, with the child as the main interest

Seed morphology in Euphorbia and its taxonomic applications: a case study in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Euphorbia L., with around 2000 species, is the biggest genus of Euphorbiaceae and one of the largest and most diverse genera within Angiosperms. It shows an almost cosmopolitan distribution and notable morphological diversity and is characterized by a pseudanthial inflorescence, the cyathium, which is unique to the genus. Along with its great morphological diversity in growth form, seed characters such as shape, testa ornamentation and presence or absence of caruncle are among its most notable and variable features. Given the potential utility of seed characters for species identification, we set to characterize the seeds from all known species (24) of Euphorbia occurring in the state of Sao Paulo, using photos and scanning electronic microscopy images. These species belong to three subgenera and seven sections of Euphorbia, and their morphological diversity is discussed in a phylogenetic context according to the most recent classification. Seed characters such as shape, size, testa ornamentation, and presence or absence of caruncle proved to be useful for identification of sections and for distinguishing closely related species.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Inst Bot Sao Paulo, Nucleo Pesquisa Curadoria Herbario SP, Ave Miguel Stefano 3687, BR-04045972 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Terra, Rua Prof Artur Riedel 275, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Exatas & Terra, Rua Prof Artur Riedel 275, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Analysis of the Cochrane review : anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for prevention of postoperative vitreous cavity hemorrhage after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy : Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;8:CD008214

Copyright © Ordem dos Médicos 2017Postoperative vitreous hemorrhage is a complication following vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy, delaying visual recovery and making fundus examination and disease follow-up more difficult. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs such as bevacizumab, when injected in the vitreous cavity, reduce vascular proliferation and their use has been proposed to reduce the incidence of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage. The authors of this Cochrane systematic review evaluated all randomized controlled trials on the pre- or intraoperative use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor to reduce postoperative vitreous hemorrhage occurrence after vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The results suggested that the use of intravitreal bevacizumab was effective in reducing early postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (i.e. at four weeks) occurrence, with a good safety profile. This work aims to summarize and discuss the findings and clinical implications of this Cochrane systematic review.A hemorragia vítrea pós-operatória é uma complicação da cirurgia de vitrectomia por retinopatia diabética proliferativa, que atrasa a melhoria da acuidade visual e dificulta a visualização do fundo ocular e o seguimento da doença. Quando injetados na cavidade vítrea, os fármacos anti-factor de crescimento do endotélio vascular, como o bevacizumab, diminuem a proliferação vascular e o seu uso tem sido proposto na redução da incidência de hemorragia vítrea pós-operatória. Os autores desta revisão sistemática Cochrane reviram os ensaios clínicos aleatorizados sobre o uso pré- ou intraoperatório de anti-factor de crescimento do endotélio vascular na redução da incidência de hemorragia vítrea pós-operatória após vitrectomia em doentes com retinopatia diabética proliferativa. Dos resultados, destaca-se o efeito benéfico da utilização de bevacizumab na diminuição da hemorragia vítrea pós-operatória precoce (i.e. às quatro semanas), com um bom perfil de segurança. Neste trabalho, sumarizam-se e discutem-se os principais achados e implicações práticas desta revisão sistemática Cochrane.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Retropupillary iris claw intraocular lens implantation in aphakia for dislocated intraocular lens

© 2016 Faria et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).Background: Nowadays, dislocated intraocular lenses (IOLs) and inadequate capsular support are becoming a challenge for every ophthalmic surgeon. Explantation of dislocated IOL and iris claw IOL (ICIOL) are the techniques that have been used in our ophthalmic department. The aim of this study is to report our technique for retropupillar ICIOL. Methods: This study is a retrospective case series. A total of 105 eyes with dislocated IOL from the patients at the Department of Ophthalmology in Santa Maria Hospital, a tertiary reference hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, from January 2012 until January 2016, had been analyzed. Of these 105 eyes, 66 eyes had dislocated one-piece IOL and 39 eyes had dislocated three-piece IOL. The latter underwent iris suture of the same IOL and were excluded from this study. The remaining 66 eyes with dislocated one-piece IOL underwent pars plana vitrectomy, that is, explantation of dislocated IOL through corneal incision and an implantation of retropupillary ICIOL. Operative data and postoperative outcomes included best corrected visual acuity, IOL position, intraocular pressure, pigment dispersion, clinical signs of endothelial cell loss, and anterior chamber depth. Results: The mean follow-up was 23 months (range: 6–48 months). The mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity was 1.260±0.771 logMAR, and postoperative best corrected visual acuity was 0.352±0.400 logMAR units. Mean vision gain was 0.909 logMar units. The patients had the following complications: 1) retinal detachment was found in one patient, 2) corneal edema was found in three patients, 3) high intraocular pressure was observed in twelve patients, 4) subluxation of the IOL was observed in one patient, and 5) macular edema was found in three eyes. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that retropupillary ICIOL is an easy and effective method for the correction of aphakia in patients not receiving capsule support. The safety of this procedure must be interpreted in the context of a surgery usually indicated in complicated cases.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

IMEP-34: Heavy Metals in Toys according to EN 71-3:1994

The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) of the Joint Research Centre (JRC), a Directorate-General of the European Commission, operates the International Measurement Evaluation Programme (IMEP). It organises interlaboratory comparisons (ILC's) in support to EU policies. This report presents the results of an ILC which focussed on the determination of soluble antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and selenium (Se) according to European Standard EN 71-3:1994. The principle of the procedure in EN 71-3:1994 [1] consists in the extraction of soluble elements from toy material under the conditions simulating the material remaining in contact with stomach acid for a period of time after swallowing. Fifty eight participants from twenty six countries registered to the exercise, of which 54 reported results for As, Sb, Ba, Se and Hg and 58 for Cr, Pb, and Cd, respectively. The test item used was a certified reference material (CRM 623, comminuted paint flakes from alkyd resin paint), certified in 1998, which is not included anymore in the CRM catalogue. The validity of the certified values was assessed using some expert laboratories in the field. In most of the cases the results reported by the certifiers were not in agreement with the CRM reference values. The mean of the means reported by the expert laboratories was used as assigned value for the different measurands. The results reported by the expert laboratories for mercury were very scattered (RSD = 37.6 %). No assigned value could be attributed for mercury and therefore no scores were provided to the participants for this measurand. The associated uncertainties of the assigned values were obtained following the ISO GUM. Furthermore, participants were invited to report their measurement uncertainties. This was done by all laboratories having submitted results in this exercise. Laboratory results were rated with z- and zeta (ζ-) scores in accordance with ISO 13528. The standard deviations for proficiency assessment were based on the analytical correction laid down in EN 71-3:1994. The outcome of the exercise shows an improvement on the overall performance of the participants when compared to IMEP-24 (a proficiency test for heavy metals in toys run in 2009 in which, the same European standard was followed), particularly for cadmium, lead and to a lesser extent, for selenium and chromium. The share of satisfactory z-scores ranged from 65 to 79 %.JRC.D.5-Food Safety and Qualit

Anti-TNF drugs for chronic uveitis in adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Copyright © 2019 Leal, Rodrigues, Sousa, Duarte, Romão, Marques-Neves, Costa and Fonseca. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Background: We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs for adult chronic non-infectious uveitis (NIU). Methods: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, were searched from inception to January 2019. Double-masked randomized placebo-controlled trials, assessing any anti-TNF vs. best medical intervention/standard of care in adults with chronic NIU were considered. The PRISMA and SAMPL guidelines were followed. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Overall quality of the evidence was assessed according to GRADE. PROSPERO registration: #CRD42016039068. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were preservation of visual acuity (VA) and withdrawals due to adverse events, respectively. Meta-analysis of efficacy analysis was not performed due to significant clinical heterogeneity between studies' population and interventions. Results: A total of 1,157 references were considered and 3 studies were included. The overall risk of bias was moderate. In active NIU, adalimumab group showed an increased likelihood of VA preservation (risk ratio (RR) 1.75, 95%CI 1.32 to 2.32, n = 217), whereas the etanercept group did not (RR 0.81, 95%CI 0.57 to 1.14, n = 20). In inactive NIU, adalimumab was associated with increased likelihood of VA preservation (RR 1.31, 95%CI 1.12 to 1.53, n = 226). The rate of adverse events did not differ between anti-TNF and control arms (RR 1.03, 95%CI 0.94 to 1.13, n = 410). Conclusions: There is high quality evidence that adalimumab decreases the risk of worsening VA in active and inactive NIU and very low quality evidence that the risk of etanercept worsening VA in inactive NIU is not different from placebo. Moderate quality evidence suggests that anti-TNF agents are not different from placebo on the risk of study withdrawal.This project received a research grant from a non-profit and scientific organization, Portuguese Society of Ophthalmology (Sociedade Portuguesa de Oftalmologia). UID/BIM/50005/2019, project funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES) through Fundos do Orçamento de Estado (Portuguese State Funding).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

IMEP-113: determination of total cadmium and lead in baby food - Interlaboratory Comparison Report - December 2011

This report presents the results of the thirteen proficiency test (PT) which focussed on the determination of total Cd and Pb in baby food according to Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. The test material used in this exercise was baby food formula purchased in a local pharmacy and prepared by the Reference Material Unit of the IRMM for this exercise. Each participant received one bottle containing approximately 15 g of test material. Thirty five laboratories from 26 countries registered to the exercise and all of them reported results. Participants were asked to analyse the measurands in the powder and in the reconstituted form (powder diluted with water, 1:8 fold, to mimic the product as consumed). The assigned value for total Cd was determined by LGC Ltd (UK) and IRMM using direct isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The assigned value for total Pb was determined at IRMM using the same technique as for Cd. The standard deviation for proficiency assessment was set at 22 % of the assigned value based on the modified Horwitz equation. Laboratories were rated with z- and ζ-scores (zeta-scores) in accordance with ISO 13528. The outcome of this exercise is clearly influenced by the very low level of Cd and Pb content in the test material which triggered: - a high number of "less than" values; - overestimated values especially for lead very likely due to contamination. Reported results were satisfactory for total cadmium in both forms, (powder and in the reconstituted formula).JRC.D.5-Food Safety and Qualit

IMEP-33: Total Cadmium and Lead in Baby Food - Interlaboratory Comparison Report, December 2011

The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) of the Joint Research Centre (JRC), a Directorate-General of the European Commission, operates the International Measurement Evaluation Programme® (IMEP). It organises interlaboratory comparisons (ILC's) in support to EU policies. This report presents the results of an ILC which focussed on the determination of total Cd and Pb in baby food in support of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. The test material used in this exercise was baby food formula purchased in a local pharmacy and prepared by the Reference Material Unit of the IRMM for this exercise. Each participant received one bottle containing approximately 15 g of test material. Sixty-six laboratories from 23 countries registered to the exercise and 61 of them reported results. Participants were asked to analyse the measurands in the powder and in the reconstituted form. The assigned value for total Cd was determined by LGC Ltd (UK) and IRMM using direct isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The assigned value for total Pb was determined at IRMM using the same technique as for Cd. The standard deviation for proficiency assessment ˆ was set at 22 % of the assigned value based on the modified Horwitz equation. Laboratories were rated with z- and ζ-scores (zeta-scores) in accordance with ISO 13528. Most of the participants reported uncertainties with their results. The outcome of this exercise is clearly characterised by the very low level of Cd and Pb content in the test material which triggered a high number of "less than" values, overestimation especially for lead very likely due to contamination, and a visible method influence in the case of lead. The results were also evaluated with regard to the reported limit of detection and some incoherencies were observed here as well.JRC.D.5-Food Safety and Qualit

Anticholinesterase activity evaluation of alkaloids and coumarin from stems of Conchocarpus fontanesianus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conchocarpus fontanesianus (A. St.-Hill.) Kallunki & Pirani, Rutaceae, popularly known as pitaguara, is a native and endemic tree from Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro States, Brazil. Based in the information that anticholinesterasic derivatives could act as new prototypes to treatment of Alzheimer disease, this work describes the fractionation guided by evaluation of the anticholinesterase activity of the ethanolic stems extract from C. fontanesianus. This procedure afforded the alkaloids dictamnine (1), gamma-fagarine (2), skimianine (3), and 2-phenyl-1-methyl-4-quinolone (4), as well as the coumarin marmesin (5).222374380Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq