The impact of acute loud noise on the behaviour of laboratory birds

Funding: The Roslin Institute is funded by a BBSRC Institute Strategic Program Grant BB/P013759/1.Husbandry procedures and facility settings, such as low-frequency fire alarms, can produce noises in a laboratory environment that cause stress to animals used in research. However, most of the data demonstrating harmful effects that have, consequently, led to adaptations to management, have largely come from laboratory rodents with little known of the impacts on avian behavior and physiology. Here we examined whether exposure to a routine laboratory noise, a low-frequency fire alarm test, induced behavioral changes in laboratory zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Twenty-four breeding pairs of zebra finches were randomly selected and exposed to the low-frequency fire alarm (sounding for 10–20 s) or no noise (control) on separate test days. All birds were filmed before and after the alarm sounded and on a control day (without the alarm). The zebra finches decreased their general activity and increased stationary and social behaviors after exposure to the alarm. Brief exposure to a low-frequency alarm disrupted the birds' behavior for at least 15 min. The induction of this behavioral stress response suggests that low-frequency sound alarms in laboratory facilities have the potential to compromise the welfare of laboratory birds.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Urbanização em região de assentamentos irregulares: estudo do conceito de área de especial interesse social através de um projeto de urbanização - Comunidade Saquaçu, Santa-Cruz

Neste trabalho, o autor oferece uma introdução sobre o tema dos assentamentos informais com objetivo de entender a situação atual e as ações desenvolvidas pelo governo. Uma atenção particular será dada ao conceito de Área de Especial Interesse Social, ferramenta legislativa que permite agilizar o processo de urbanização. Na segunda parte será apresentado o projeto desenvolvido pelo autor com a intenção de demonstrar, na prática, a importância da flexibilização da legislação e autorizações pelo uso deste conceito em comparação a uma urbanização formal. Esses pontos serão analisados tanto com um olhar técnico quanto social

Influence Of The Margin Design On The Fracture Resistance Of Implant Supported Monolithic Zirconia Crowns

The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the influence of the margin design of implant supported monolithic zirconia crowns and test if monolithic zirconia crowns with extra fine finish line thickness cemented on zirconia implant abutments can bare the maximum masticatory forces on molars and hence be used in the posterior region. Fourteen identical monolithic zirconia crowns cemented on zirconia implant abutments mounted on titanium bases and fixed on implant replicas embedded in PMMA resin were divided into two groups: group I designed with a 0.5 mm CFL (CFL) and group II with a feather-edge finish line (FEFL) of 0.3 mm. All specimens underwent static load until fracture in order to determine the break force. Break forces in N were recorded for each group. The CFL group exhibited slightly higher fracture resistance (1879.14 ± 322.28 N) compared to the feather-edge finish line group (1685.00 ± 362.18 N). However, statistical analysis revealed that the observed difference between the two groups (194.14 ± 183.24; p = 0.310) was not significant. Within the limitations of this study, both monolithic zirconia crowns with 0.5 mm chamfer and 0.3 mm feather edge margins cemented on zirconia implant abutments can be used in the posterior region as their resistance to fracture is similar and surpasses the maximum masticatory force applied on molars

Reductions in the number of mid-sized antral follicles are associated with markers of premature ovarian senescence in dairy cows

High-producing dairy cows are subfertile; however, the mechanisms responsible for the decreased fertility are unknown. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that culled dairy cows (4\u20138 years old) characterised by \u2018Lo\u2019 ovaries (i.e. those with <10 mid-antral follicles) are affected by premature ovarian senescence. Cows in which both ovaries were \u2018Lo\u2019 ovaries represented 5% of the total population analysed, and exhibited reduced ovarian size (P < 0.001) and increased perifollicular stroma (P < 0.05) compared with age-matched controls (i.e. cows in which both ovaries had >10 mid-antral follicles; \u2018Hi\u2019 ovaries). The total number of follicles, including healthy and atretic primordial, primary, secondary and small antral follicles, was lower in Lo ovaries (P < 0.01). Interestingly, the primordial follicle population in Lo ovaries was lower (P < 0.05) than in the control. Finally, the follicular fluid of mid-antral follicles from Lo ovaries had reduced oestradiol and anti-M\ufcllerian hormone levels (P < 0.05), but increased progesterone concentrations (P < 0.05). Together, these data account for the reduced fertility of cows with Lo ovaries and are in agreement with previous observations that oocytes isolated from Lo ovaries have reduced embryonic developmental competence. Cows with a specific Lo ovary condition may represent a suitable model to address the causes of low fertility in high-yielding dairy cows, as well as the condition of premature ovarian aging in single-ovulating species

Humanización de la atención de enfermería: qué es eso?

The study was conducted with the purpose of identifying how nursing professionals understand the expression 'humanized care'. This is a qualitative research, accomplished according to the historic oral thematic method. Seven nurses of a major São Paulo hospital were chosen to partake on this study. According to the analysis and understanding of the meanings expressed on the different speeches it was possible to identify that the expression 'humanized care' has been used with the intension of expressing dehumanization, associated both with nursing professionals dehumanization, from the patient's perspective, and with dehumanization associated with the institution from the nursing professionals point of view. It was identified that this term has been used without the full understanding of its meaning.El estudio tiene por objeto intentar saber cómo los profesionales de enfermería comprenden la expresión cuidado humanizado. La investigación es de naturaleza cualitativa, realizada por el método de historia oral temática. Los sujetos de este estudio fueron siete profesionales de enfermería de um hospitalde gran embergadura en São Paulo. A través del análisis y comprensión de los significados en los relatos, fue posible identificar que la expresión cuidado humanizado ha sido una traducción para deshumanización, tanto del profesional de enfermería para con el paciente, como de la Institución para con el profesional. Se identifica también que ese término ha sido usado sin la comprensión plena de su significado.Este estudo objetivou conhecer o significado que profissionais da enfermagem atribuem ao termo humanização e verificar como o empregam no desenvolvimento de suas atividades. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, realizada por meio do método da história oral temática. Fizeram parte do estudo sete profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de grande porte em São Paulo. Pela análise e compreensão dos significados nos discursos foi possível identificar que a expressão cuidado humanizado tem sido uma tradução para desumanização, tanto do profissional da enfermagem para com o cliente, como da instituição para com o profissional. Identificou-se também que esse termo tem sido usado sem a compreensão plena de seu significado.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de EnfermagemUNIFESP, EPESciEL

Making nursey care more human: what is this?

O estudo teve por objetivo intentar saber como os profissionais de enfermagem compreendem a expressão “cuidado humanizado”. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, realizada pelo método da história oral temática, mediante as técnicas de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado. Para analisar os significados, pautamo-nos na hermenêutica. Foram sujeitos deste estudo sete profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de grande porte em São Paulo. Pela análise e compreensão dos significados nos discursos foi possível identificar que a expressão “cuidado humanizado” tem sido uma tradução para desumanização, tanto do profissional da enfermagem para com o cliente, como da Instituição para com o profissional. Identificou-se também que esse termo tem sido usado sem a compreensão plena de seu significado, o que conferiu com o que pensávamos ao iniciar esta dissertaçãoThe study was conducted with the purpose of identifying how nursing professionals understand the expression ‘humanized care’. This is a qualitative research, accomplished according to the historic oral thematic method, with semi-structured script interviewing techniques. Hermeneutics was used as reference in order to evaluate the results. Seven nurses of a major São Paulo hospital were chosen to partake on this study. According to the analysis and understanding of the meanings expressed on the different speeches it was possible to identify that the expression ‘humanized care’ has been used with the intension of expressing dehumanization, associated both with nursing professionals dehumanization, from the patient’s perspective, and with dehumanization associated with the institution from the nursing professionals point of view. It was identified that this term has been used without the full understanding of its meaning, which corresponded with and confirmed the original thought of the researchers.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Glycine adsorption on silicon (001)

In this work we employ the state of the art pseudopotential method, within a generalized gradient approximation to the density functional theory, to investigate the dissociative adsorption process of glycine on the silicon surface. Our total energy calculations indicate that the chemisorption of the molecule is as follow. The gas phase NH2-C2H2-OOH adsorbs molecularly to the electrophilic surface Si atom and then dissociates into NH2-C2H2-OO and H, bonded to the electrophilic and nucleophilic surface silicon dimer atoms respectively, with an energy barrier corresponding to a thermal activation that is smaller than the usual growth temperature, indicating that glycine molecules will be observed in their dissociated states at room temperature. This picture is further support by our calculated vibrational modes for the considered adsorbed species

Expression of progesterone receptor membrane component-1 in bovine reproductive system during estrous cycle

Several reports suggest the participation of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in progesterone signaling in the reproductive system. This study aimed at investigating the presence and localization of PGRMC1 in bovine ovary, oviduct and uterus, during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. In the ovary, PGRMC1 has been detected in surface germinal epithelium, granulosa cells, theca cells and in the germinal vesicle of the oocytes at all stages of folliculogenesis. In the corpus luteum the expression of PGRMC1 was influenced by the stage of the estrous cycle. In the oviducts and in the uterus horns, PGRMC1 was immunolocalized in the luminal epithelium, in the muscle layer cells and in the endothelial cells. In the uterus, PGRMC1 was intensely localized also in the glandular endometrium. However, in the oviducts and in the uterus horns, the localization of PGRMC1 was independent on the stage of the estrous cycle and on whether evaluating the ipsilateral or the contralateral organ. In conclusion, the present immunohistochemical study showed that PGRMC1 is located in various compartments of the bovine female reproductive organs. With the exception of the corpora lutea, PGRMC1 localization showed similar pattern during different stages of the estrous cycle

O individual e o coletivo em Taylor e Platão

In Charles Taylor's Multiculturalism: examining the Politics of Recognition, the idea of individual identity is presented, in political-cultural terms, as being partly dependent on collective identities. In this sense, the political solution for social harmonization and even for the cultural formation of particular identities is linked to collectivity. In Plato's Politics, although the final concern is also to harmonize the collective, the pólis, political art acts rather in the adjustment of the individual psyché. This is because the collective is a kind of mirroring of the individual. If on the one hand Plato is taxed as an idealist for the political solutions he presents to the collective question, on the other, he is not when he points out that (philosophical) discourse is capable of reorienting the individual towards political life.  Na obra Multiculturalismo: examinando a política do reconhecimento de Charles Taylor, a ideia de identidade individual é apresentada, em termos político-culturais, como fosse em parte dependente das identidades coletivas. Nesse sentido, a solução política para a harmonização social e até mesmo para a formação cultural das identidades particulares está ligada à coletividade. No Político de Platão, embora a preocupação final também seja de harmonizar o coletivo, a pólis, a arte política atua antes no ajuste da psyché individual. Isto porque o coletivo é uma espécie de espelhamento do indivíduo. Se por um lado Platão é taxado de idealista para as soluções políticas que apresenta para a questão coletiva, por outro, não o é quando aponta que o discurso (filosófico) é capaz de reorientar o indivíduo para a vida política.

Adsorption of C2H2-C2O3 on Si(001)

The adsorption of maleic anhydride on the Si(001) surface was investigated using the first-principles pseudopotential formalism. Our results indicate that C2H2-C2O3 adsorbs through a [2+2] cycloaddition of the C-C bond to the dangling bonds of Si-Si dimers, as observed for other small hydrocarbons. According to our calculations, the adsorption of a second maleic anhydride molecule will preferentially occur on first-neighbours Si-Si dimer sites in either the dimer chain our dimer row, i.e. considering a (4×2) reconstruction, C2H2-C2O3 can either form a linear chain or a zig-zag chain, depending on the growth conditions. Although both structures are found to be stable from the energetic point of view, only our STM theoretical images for the linear chain are comparable to available experimental data