1,642 research outputs found
Managerial overconfidence and the buyback anomaly
While positive, long-run abnormal returns following share repurchaseannouncements are substantially lower when CEOs are overconfident. This effect is particularly strong for (i) difficult to value firms, such as small, young, non-dividend paying, distressed, and having negative earnings firms, (ii) firms with poor past stock return performance and high book-to-market ratio, indicators of possible overreaction to bad news, and (iii) financially constrained firms. Overall, these results are consistent with the mispricing hypothesis as a motive for repurchases and as an explanation for the buyback anomaly. Additionally, irrespective of the CEO’s level of confidence, abnormal returns are considerably larger for financially constrained firms, implying their managers require larger undervaluation due to the higher cost of capital
Effects of Negative Energy Components in the Constituent Quark Model
Relativistic covariance requires that in the constituent quark model for
mesons the positive energy states as well as the negative energy states are
included. Using relativistic quasi-potential equations the contribution of the
negative energy states is studied for the light and charmonium mesons. It is
found that these states change the meson mass spectrum significantly but leave
its global structure untouched.Comment: 14 pages revtex 3.0, 4 figures uudecoded attached in postscript
format, THU-93/1
4f spin density in the reentrant ferromagnet SmMn2Ge2
The spin contribution to the magnetic moment in SmMn2Ge2 has been measured by
magnetic Compton scattering in both the low and high temperature ferromagnetic
phases. At low temperature, the Sm site is shown to possess a large 4f spin
moment of 3.4 +/- 0.1 Bohr magnetons, aligned antiparallel to the total
magnetic moment. At high temperature, the data show conclusively that ordered
magnetic moments are present on the samarium site.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, transferred from PRL to PRB (Rapid Comm.
Schwinger-Dyson approach to non-equilibrium classical field theory
In this paper we discuss a Schwinger-Dyson [SD] approach for determining the
time evolution of the unequal time correlation functions of a non-equilibrium
classical field theory, where the classical system is described by an initial
density matrix at time . We focus on field theory in 1+1
space time dimensions where we can perform exact numerical simulations by
sampling an ensemble of initial conditions specified by the initial density
matrix. We discuss two approaches. The first, the bare vertex approximation
[BVA], is based on ignoring vertex corrections to the SD equations in the
auxiliary field formalism relevant for 1/N expansions. The second approximation
is a related approximation made to the SD equations of the original formulation
in terms of alone. We compare these SD approximations as well as a
Hartree approximation with exact numerical simulations. We find that both
approximations based on the SD equations yield good agreement with exact
numerical simulations and cure the late time oscillation problem of the Hartree
approximation. We also discuss the relationship between the quantum and
classical SD equations.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figure
Differential-thermal analysis around and below the critical temperature Tc of various low-Tc superconductors: A comparative study
We present specific-heat data on the type-II superconductors V3Si, LuNi2B2C
and NbSe2 which were acquired with a low-temperature thermal analysis (DTA)
technique. We compare our data with available literature data on these
superconductors. In the first part we show that the DTA technique allows for
fast measurements while providing a very high resolution on the temperature
scale. Sharp features in the specific heat such as at the one at the transition
to superconductivity are resolved virtually without instrumental broadening. In
the second part we investigate the magnetic-field dependence of the specific
heats of V3Si and LuNi2B2C at a fixed temperature T=7.5K to demonstrate that
DTA techniques also allow for sufficiently precise measurements of absolute
values of cp even in the absence of a sharp phase transition. The corresponding
data for V3Si and LuNi2B2C are briefly discussed
Renormalization in Self-Consistent Approximation schemes at Finite Temperature III: Global Symmetries
We investigate the symmetry properties for Baym's -derivable schemes.
We show that in general the solutions of the dynamical equations of motion,
derived from approximations of the -functional, do not fulfill the
Ward-Takahashi identities of the symmetry of the underlying classical action,
although the conservation laws for the expectation values of the corresponding
Noether currents are fulfilled exactly for the approximation. Further we prove
that one can define an effective action functional in terms of the
self-consistent propagators which is invariant under the operation of the same
symmetry group representation as the classical action. The requirements for
this theorem to hold true are the same as for perturbative approximations: The
symmetry has to be realized linearly on the fields and it must be free of
anomalies, i.e., there should exist a symmetry conserving regularization
scheme. In addition, if the theory is renormalizable in Dyson's narrow sense,
it can be renormalized with counter terms which do not violate the symmetry.Comment: 32 papges, 3 figures, uses ReVTeX 4, V2: Added one more reference,
V3: Corrected some typos, added two more sections about the large-N expansio
Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates with Many Vortices
Vortex-lattice structures of antiferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein
condensates with hyperfine spin F=1 are investigated theoretically based on the
Ginzburg-Pitaevskii equations near . The Abrikosov lattice with clear
core regions are found {\em never stable} at any rotation drive .
Instead, each component prefers to shift the core
locations from the others to realize almost uniform order-parameter amplitude
with complicated magnetic-moment configurations. This system is characterized
by many competing metastable structures so that quite a variety of vortices may
be realized with a small change in external parameters.Comment: 4 page
Vortex lattice of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a rotating anisotropic trap
We study the vortex lattices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a rotating
anisotropic harmonic trap. We first investigate the single particle
wavefunctions obtained by the exact solution of the problem and give simple
expressions for these wavefunctions in the small anisotropy limit. Depending on
the strength of the interactions, a few or a large number of vortices can be
formed. In the limit of many vortices, we calculate the density profile of the
cloud and show that the vortex lattice stays triangular. We also find that the
vortex lattice planes align themselves with the weak axis of the external
potential. For a small number of vortices, we numerically solve the
Gross-Pitaevskii equation and find vortex configurations that are very
different from the vortex configurations in an axisymmetric rotating trap.Comment: 15 pages,4 figure
Vortices and dynamics in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
I review the basic physics of ultracold dilute trapped atomic gases, with
emphasis on Bose-Einstein condensation and quantized vortices. The hydrodynamic
form of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (a nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation)
illuminates the role of the density and the quantum-mechanical phase. One
unique feature of these experimental systems is the opportunity to study the
dynamics of vortices in real time, in contrast to typical experiments on
superfluid He. I discuss three specific examples (precession of single
vortices, motion of vortex dipoles, and Tkachenko oscillations of a vortex
array). Other unusual features include the study of quantum turbulence and the
behavior for rapid rotation, when the vortices form dense regular arrays.
Ultimately, the system is predicted to make a quantum phase transition to
various highly correlated many-body states (analogous to bosonic quantum Hall
states) that are not superfluid and do not have condensate wave functions. At
present, this transition remains elusive. Conceivably, laser-induced synthetic
vector potentials can serve to reach this intriguing phase transition.Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Low Temperature Physics,
conference proceedings: Symposia on Superfluids under Rotation (Lammi,
Finland, April 2010
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