Estudio comparativo entre las tecnicas manuales, counterstrain y comprension isquemica en el tratamiento del punto doloroso de las fibras superiores del musculo trapecio en 16 alumnos de cuarto ano de la carrera de Kinesiologia de la Universidad de Talca

57 p.El estudio analizó las diferencias que se establecen entre las técnicas manuales, Counterstrain y Compresión Isquémica en el tratamiento del punto doloroso de las fibras superiores del músculo trapecio, según su eficiencia, sensación subjetiva y duración del estímulo relatada por 16 alumnos de cuarto año de la carrera de Kinesiología de la Universidad de Talca, que estuvieran cursando el primer semestre del 2009, en el momento de la intervención. El objetivo principal consiste en aportar estudios experimentales al campo de la terapia manual, con el fin de poder objetivar y respaldar el efecto generado por dichas técnicas en el paciente. Ambas técnicas se aplicaron en el mismo paciente, donde una de ellas se ejecutó en el músculo trapecio derecho, mientras que la otra en el músculo contralateral, para que el mismo sujeto en estudio fuera quien comparase la efectividad y la sensación causada por dichas técnicas; éstas fueron aplicadas por el mismo tratante, para disminuir el margen de error y/o diferencias que pudiesen darse en la realización de la maniobra. Se realizaron 3 evaluaciones, donde en la primera sesión se aplicó el tratamiento para aliviar el dolor del paciente, y en las dos siguientes, aplicadas a las 24 y 48 hrs. respectivamente se evaluó la permanencia o no del punto doloroso tratado. Al término de la aplicación del tratamiento se le realizó una evaluación respecto a la intensidad del dolor percibido, y otra evaluación respecto a la sensación percibida durante el desarrollo de la técnica. La técnica de compresión isquémica resulta tener un mayor efecto inmediato con respecto a la técnica de counterstrain; sin embargo dicho efecto no es mantenido en el tiempo en ninguna de las dos; no obstante la técnica de compresión isquémica resulta un poco molesta en comparación con la técnica de counterstrain que es más bien indiferente

The impact of a cartoon character on adults perceptions of Children's breakfast cereals: a randomized experiment

Background Cartoon characters on processed food packaging increase the perception of product preference among children, but their effect among adults has rarely been examined. We evaluated the effect of a cartoon character on breakfast cereals on beliefs about buying them for children, as well as whether demographic characteristics modified this effect. Methods An experimental study was conducted with adults from online consumer panels in Mexico (n = 3755). Participants were randomly assigned to a “cartoon” condition (n = 1789), in which they viewed a breakfast cereal box with a Minion character on the front of the package, or the “control” condition (n = 1966), in which the same cereal box was displayed with no character on the package. Participants were asked: “Is this a good cereal to buy children?” with the response options “Yes”, “No”, or “Don’t know”. Multinomial adjusted logistic models regressed responses to this question (Yes = 0, No = 1, 2 = Don’t know) on experimental condition. Differences in the effect of the cartoon character across demographic characteristics were tested by introducing multiplicative interaction terms. Results The adjusted model showed that participants in the “cartoon character” condition were 1.67 (1.45–1.94) times more likely to consider the cereal as being “Not good to buy for children” than those in the control condition (p < 0.001). This effect was smaller among parents (RRR = 1.39, 1.13–1.72) compared to those without children (RRR = 2.01, 1.63–2.47). No differences were observed in the proportion of participants answering “Don’t know” across experimental groups. Conclusion Among this sample of Mexican adults, a cereal with a cartoon character on the packaging was more often perceived as “not good to buy for children” compared to a cereal without it. This effect was smaller among parents, potentially due to children influences of parental decisions during food purchasing.Funding for this project was provided by a Population Health Intervention Research operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [CIHR) and the Public Health Agency of Canada. Additional funding for this project has been provided by a PHAC – CIHR Chair in Applied Public Health [DH). Bloomberg Philanthropies (Grant #43003) supported ACM's time writing the paper. The funding agencies did not play any role in the design of the study, analysis and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Development of a Panel of Genome-Wide Ancestry Informative Markers to Study Admixture Throughout the Americas

Most individuals throughout the Americas are admixed descendants of Native American, European, and African ancestors. Complex historical factors have resulted in varying proportions of ancestral contributions between individuals within and among ethnic groups. We developed a panel of 446 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) optimized to estimate ancestral proportions in individuals and populations throughout Latin America. We used genome-wide data from 953 individuals from diverse African, European, and Native American populations to select AIMs optimized for each of the three main continental populations that form the basis of modern Latin American populations. We selected markers on the basis of locus-specific branch length to be informative, well distributed throughout the genome, capable of being genotyped on widely available commercial platforms, and applicable throughout the Americas by minimizing within-continent heterogeneity. We then validated the panel in samples from four admixed populations by comparing ancestry estimates based on the AIMs panel to estimates based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The panel provided balanced discriminatory power among the three ancestral populations and accurate estimates of individual ancestry proportions (R2>0.9 for ancestral components with significant between-subject variance). Finally, we genotyped samples from 18 populations from Latin America using the AIMs panel and estimated variability in ancestry within and between these populations. This panel and its reference genotype information will be useful resources to explore population history of admixture in Latin America and to correct for the potential effects of population stratification in admixed samples in the region

Prospective Latin American cohort evaluating outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and abnormal liver tests on admission

Introduction & objectives: The independent effect of liver biochemistries as a prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19 has not been completely addressed. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of abnormal liver tests on admission of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Materials & methods: We performed a prospective cohort study including 1611 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from April 15, 2020 through July 31, 2020 in 38 different Hospitals from 11 Latin American countries. We registered clinical and laboratory parameters, including liver function tests, on admission and during hospitalization. All patients were followed until discharge or death. We fit multivariable logistic regression models, further post-estimation effect through margins and inverse probability weighting. Results: Overall, 57.8% of the patients were male with a mean age of 52.3 years, 8.5% had chronic liver disease and 3.4% had cirrhosis. Abnormal liver tests on admission were present on 45.2% (CI 42.7–47.7) of the cohort (n = 726). Overall, 15.1% (CI 13.4–16.9) of patients died (n = 244). Patients with abnormal liver tests on admission presented higher mortality 18.7% (CI 15.9–21.7), compared to those with normal liver biochemistries 12.2% (CI 10.1–14.6); P 30. Conclusions: The presence of abnormal liver tests on admission is independently associated with mortality and severe COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection and may be used as surrogate marker of inflammation.Fil: Mendizabal, Manuel. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Piñero, Federico. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Ridruejo, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; ArgentinaFil: Anders, Margarita. Hospital Aleman; ArgentinaFil: Silveyra, María Dolores. Sanatorio Anchorena; ArgentinaFil: Torre, Aldo. Centro Médico ABC; MéxicoFil: Montes, Pedro. Hospital Nacional Daniel A. Carrión; PerúFil: Urzúa, Alvaro. Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Pages, Josefina. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; ArgentinaFil: Toro, Luis G.. Hospitales de San Vicente Fundación de Medellín y Rionegro; ColombiaFil: Díaz, Javier. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerúFil: Gonzalez Ballerga, Esteban. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Miranda Zazueta, Godolfino. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición; MéxicoFil: Peralta, Mirta. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz"; ArgentinaFil: Gutiérrez, Isabel. Centro Médico ABC; MéxicoFil: Michelato, Douglas. Hospital Especializado en Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Couto Maia; BrasilFil: Venturelli, Maria Grazia. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerúFil: Varón, Adriana. Fundación Cardio-Infantil; ColombiaFil: Vera Pozo, Emilia. Hospital Regional Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo; EcuadorFil: Tagle, Martín. Clínica Anglo-Americana; PerúFil: García, Matías. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Tassara, Alfredo. Hospital Aleman; ArgentinaFil: Brutti, Julia. Sanatorio Anchorena; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz García, Sandro. Hospital de Víctor Lazarte Echegaray; PerúFil: Bustios, Carla. Clínica Delgado; PerúFil: Escajadillo, Nataly. Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo; PerúFil: Macias, Yuridia. No especifíca;Fil: Higuera de la Tijera, Fátima. Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga"; MéxicoFil: Gómez, Andrés J.. Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá; ColombiaFil: Dominguez, Alejandra. Hospital Padre Hurtado; ChileFil: Castillo Barradas, Mauricio. Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza; MéxicoFil: Contreras, Fernando. No especifíca;Fil: Scarpin, Aldana. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno"; ArgentinaFil: Schinoni, Maria Isabel. Hospital Alianza; BrasilFil: Toledo, Claudio. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Girala, Marcos. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Mainardi, Victoria. Hospital Central De las Fuerzas Armadas; UruguayFil: Sanchez, Abel. Hospital Roosevelt; GuatemalaFil: Bessone, Fernando. Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud y Medio Ambiente - Rosario. Hospital Provincial del Centenario; ArgentinaFil: Rubinstein, Fernando Adrian. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Marcelo Oscar. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; Argentin

Salud de los trabajadores

Actividad f&iacute;sica y su relaci&oacute;n con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular de carteros chilenosAn&aacute;lisis de resultados: riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo Suceso-Istas 21 en Cesfam Quell&oacute;nAusentismo laboral por enfermedades oftalmol&oacute;gicas, Chile 2009Brote de diarreas por norovirus, posterremoto-tsunami, Constituci&oacute;n, Regi&oacute;n del MauleCalidad de vida en profesionales de la salud p&uacute;blica chilenaCaracterizaci&oacute;n del reposo laboral en personal del SSMN durante el primer semestre de 2010Concentraci&oacute;n de nicotina en pelo en trabajadores no fumadores expuestos a humo de tabaco ambientalCondiciones de trabajo y bienestar/malestar docente en profesores de ense&ntilde;anza media de SantiagoDisfunci&oacute;n auditiva inducida por exposici&oacute;n a xilenoErgonom&iacute;a aplicada al estudio del s&iacute;ndrome de dolor lumbar en el trabajoEstimaci&oacute;n de la frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de una empresa mineraExposici&oacute;n a plaguicidas inhibidores de la acetilcolinesterasa en Colombia, 2006-2009Factores de riesgo y da&ntilde;os de salud en conductores de una empresa peruana de transporte terrestre, 2009Las consecuencias de la cultura en salud y seguridad ocupacional en una empresa mineraPercepci&oacute;n de cambios en la pr&aacute;ctica m&eacute;dica y estrategias de afrontamientoPercepci&oacute;n de la calidad de vida en la Universidad del Biob&iacute;oPesos m&aacute;ximos aceptables para tareas de levantamiento manual de carga en poblaci&oacute;n laboral femeninaRiesgo coronario en trabajadores mineros seg&uacute;n la funci&oacute;n de Framingham adaptada para la poblaci&oacute;n chilenaTrastornos emocionales y riesgo cardiovascular en trabajadores de la salu