Democracy and human rights : the institutional puzzle of greater Europe

The European Union, the Council of Europe, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe have all played leading roles in the consolidation of democracy, human rights and the rule of law after the end of the Cold War. Together they constitute an elementary system that for 15 years has spread the values of Western Europe to the rest of the continent. They have capitalized on the allure of membership to set conditions for continuous observance of their standards through a mechanism of political and judicial monitoring. The system has indeed promoted harmonization of the legal prerequisites of European integration and has contributed to the political stability of Greater Europe. However, it faces today at least three major challenges: Overlapping responsibilities, its irrelevance to the needs of "small Europe"(especially after the failure of the European Constitution project and the mounting obstacles that the European Court of Human Rights faces in meeting the increasing demands for adjudication.peer-reviewe

European security in the 1990s and beyond : the implications of the accession of Cyprus and Malta to the European Union

For the last decade, the dramatic events in eastern and central Europe have (rightly) dominated the security debate in Europe and, indeed, the wider world. One of the consequences of this has been that the traditional neglect of the Mediterranean region has been compounded. However, there are now signs-notably the recent Barcelona conference at which the European Union's Mediterranean policy was relaunched and extended (to incorporate the grand design of a Mediterranean free trade area) - that the Mediterranean is, at last, receiving some of the attention it deserves and justifies.peer-reviewe

Lean manufacturing, culture and their role on sustainability: A case study in the Chinese automotive industry

This paper focuses on lean manufacturing and culture and how they influence the sustainability initiatives of an Automotive company in China. The principle of lean manufacturing is widely applied in the automotive industry worldwide. The last few decades have witnessed the accelerating pace of China’s continued emergence as a major industrial power. With the globalisation of multinational corporations and the development of domestic automotive enterprises, there is an increasing number of cross-cultural motor manufacturing companies starting their business in China. In these companies, cultural diversity is an important factor that affects the management strategies. Using a case study approach, this paper shows the relevant themes on the role of lean manufacturing and culture on the sustainability initiatives taken by the company

Progressive Focusing and Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research: The Enabling Role of Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS)

* The business and management community increasingly recognises that qualitative research is a ‘messy’, non-linear and often unpredictable undertaking. Yet, a considerable proportion of the qualitative research published in top journals is still presented as the result of a linear, predictable research process, thus wrongly suggesting deductive reasoning. * In this paper, we focus on a particular type of ‘messiness’ where during fieldwork, the research context is revealed to be more complex than anticipated, forcing the researcher to gradually refine/shift their focus to reflect ‘what really matters’. We adopt Stake’s notion of progressive focusing for this gradual approach. * Progressive focusing is well-suited to qualitative research in international business requiring complex iteration between theory and data, and the truthful yet coherent presentation of the research process. We propose that this dual challenge of complexity and trustworthiness may be addressed by using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). * We present conceptual considerations and guidelines and offer a view on a ‘messy’, non-linear doctoral research project conducted using a progressive focusing approach, to demonstrate how CAQDAS can help to develop and re-negotiate insights from theory and interview data, as well as enhance trustworthiness, transparency and publication potential

A qualitative analysis of environmental policy and children's health in Mexico

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Since Mexico's joining the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 1994, it has witnessed rapid industrialization. A byproduct of this industrialization is increasing population exposure to environmental pollutants, of which some have been associated with childhood disease. We therefore identified and assessed the adequacy of existing international and Mexican governance instruments and policy tools to protect children from environmental hazards.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We first systematically reviewed PubMed, the Mexican legal code and the websites of the United Nations, World Health Organization, NAFTA and OECD as of July 2007 to identify the relevant governance instruments, and analyzed the approach these instruments took to preventing childhood diseases of environmental origin. Secondly, we interviewed a purposive sample of high-level government officials, researchers and non-governmental organization representatives, to identify their opinions and attitudes towards children's environmental health and potential barriers to child-specific protective legislation and implementation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified only one policy tool describing specific measures to reduce developmental neurotoxicity and other children's health effects from lead. Other governance instruments mention children's unique vulnerability to ozone, particulate matter and carbon monoxide, but do not provide further details. Most interviewees were aware of Mexican environmental policy tools addressing children's health needs, but agreed that, with few exceptions, environmental policies do not address the specific health needs of children and pregnant women. Interviewees also cited state centralization of power, communication barriers and political resistance as reasons for the absence of a strong regulatory platform.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The Mexican government has not sufficiently accounted for children's unique vulnerability to environmental contaminants. If regulation and legislation are not updated and implemented to protect children, increases in preventable exposures to toxic chemicals in the environment may ensue.</p

‘Subjective resilience’: using perceptions to quantify household resilience to climate extremes and disasters.

How should we measure a household’s resilience to climate extremes, climate change or other evolving threats? As resilience gathers momentum on the international stage, interest in this question continues to grow. So far, efforts to measure resilience have largely focused on the use of ‘objective’ frameworks and methods of indicator selection. These typically depend on a range of observable socio-economic variables, such as levels of income, the extent of a household’s social capital or its access to social safety nets. Yet while objective methods have their uses, they suffer from well-documented weaknesses. This paper advocates for the use of an alternative but complementary method: the measurement of ‘subjective’ resilience at the household level. The concept of subjective resilience stems from the premise that people have an understanding of the factors that contribute to their ability to anticipate, buffer and adapt to disturbance and change. Subjective household resilience therefore relates to an individual’s cognitive and affective self-evaluation of their household’s capabilities and capacities in responding to risk. We discuss the advantages and limitations of measuring subjective household resilience and highlight its relationships with other concepts such as perceived adaptive capacity, subjective well-being and psychological resilience. We then put forward different options for the design and delivery of survey questions on subjective household resilience. While the approach we describe is focused at the household level, we show how it has the potential to be aggregated to inform sub-national or national resilience metrics and indicators. Lastly, we highlight how subjective methods of resilience assessment could be used to improve policy and decision-making. Above all, we argue that, alongside traditional objective measures and indicators, efforts to measure resilience should take into account subjective aspects of household resilience in order to ensure a more holistic understanding of resilience to climate extremes and disasters

THE EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE, NORADRENALINE, AND ISOPRENALINE ON PARKINSONIAN TREMOR

The development of pharmacological substances, capable of exerting powerful effects at known sites in the nervous system, has provided a new versatile tool for clinical research. No longer is it necessary to destroy a part of the nervous system in order to study what effect it may have upon a phenomenon; the activity of that part may be held in abeyance by the use of pharmacological blocking agents. Like-wise, stimulation no longer always demands the application of electrodes; drugs acting at a specific site provide a more elegant experiment. But the supreme advantage is that these methods can be applied to man, thus eliminating the many pitfalls which arise when human problems are studied in other species

Effects of Gac aril microwave processing conditions on oil extraction efficiency, and β-carotene and Lycopene contents

The effects of Gac oil extraction conditions including microwave power, microwave time, steaming time and hydraulic pressure on extraction efficiency (EE), and β-carotene and lycopene contents were studied. It was found that the EE, and β-carotene and lycopene contents could be enhanced by suitable extraction conditions. Microwave drying was found to be better than air drying for pretreatment. Moisture content after drying and steaming between 8 and 11% (wt/wt) were best for pressing. Results showed that the most suitable conditions for Gac oil extraction from 900 g samples were microwave power of 630 W, microwave time of 65 min, steaming time of 20 min and hydraulic pressure of 170 kg/cm2. Under these conditions, the highest EE of 93% was achieved while Gac oil contained the highest content of β-carotene and lycopene at 140 and 414 mg/ 100g, respectively

Data from Agroforestry for Planetary Health Benefits in Haiti

Please cite as: Blaise, G., Allred, S., Morreale, S., Meredith, G., Sprenkle-Hyppolite, S., Buck, L. E., Jagadish, A., & Constas, M. (2024). Data from Agroforestry for Planetary Health Benefits in Haiti [Data set]. Cornell University Library eCommons Repository. https://doi.org/10.7298/CFD2-XR41The data files contain data supporting the network analysis from Agroforestry for Planetary Health Benefits in Haiti PLOS Climate publication. The other documents are supporting information for the manuscript.Funding for this research was supported by Cornell University Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies (G.C.B), David M. Einhorn Center for Community Engagement (G.C.B), Cornell University Atkinson Center for Sustainability 147-8774 (S.B.A, S.J.M, G.R.M), and Gates Millennium Scholars Program (G.C.B). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript