9 research outputs found
Creating a high-resolution picture of Cygnus with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
The Cygnus region hosts one of the most remarkable star-forming regions in
the Milky Way. Indeed, the total mass in molecular gas of the Cygnus X complex
exceeds 10 times the total mass of all other nearby star-forming regions.
Surveys at all wavelengths, from radio to gamma-rays, reveal that Cygnus
contains such a wealth and variety of sources---supernova remnants (SNRs),
pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), H II regions, Wolf-Rayet binaries, OB
associations, microquasars, dense molecular clouds and superbubbles---as to
practically be a galaxy in microcosm. The gamma-ray observations along reveal a
wealth of intriguing sources at energies between 1 GeV and tens of TeV.
However, a complete understanding of the physical phenomena producing this
gamma-ray emission first requires us to disentangle overlapping sources and
reconcile discordant pictures at different energies. This task is made more
challenging by the limited angular resolution of instruments such as the Fermi
Large Area Telescope, ARGO-YBJ, and HAWC and the limited sensitivity and field
of view of current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). The
Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with its improved angular resolution, large
field of view, and order of magnitude gain in sensitivity over current IACTs,
has the potential to finally create a coherent and well-resolved picture of the
Cygnus region between a few tens of GeV and a hundred TeV. We describe a
proposed strategy to study the Cygnus region using CTA data, which combines a
survey of the whole region at and with deeper observations of two sub-regions that host rich
groups of known gamma-ray sources
The On-Site Analysis of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory will be one of the largest
ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray observatories. The On-Site Analysis
will be the first CTA scientific analysis of data acquired from the array of
telescopes, in both northern and southern sites. The On-Site Analysis will have
two pipelines: the Level-A pipeline (also known as Real-Time Analysis, RTA) and
the level-B one. The RTA performs data quality monitoring and must be able to
issue automated alerts on variable and transient astrophysical sources within
30 seconds from the last acquired Cherenkov event that contributes to the
alert, with a sensitivity not worse than the one achieved by the final pipeline
by more than a factor of 3. The Level-B Analysis has a better sensitivity (not
be worse than the final one by a factor of 2) and the results should be
available within 10 hours from the acquisition of the data: for this reason
this analysis could be performed at the end of an observation or next morning.
The latency (in particular for the RTA) and the sensitivity requirements are
challenging because of the large data rate, a few GByte/s. The remote
connection to the CTA candidate site with a rather limited network bandwidth
makes the issue of the exported data size extremely critical and prevents any
kind of processing in real-time of the data outside the site of the telescopes.
For these reasons the analysis will be performed on-site with infrastructures
co-located with the telescopes, with limited electrical power availability and
with a reduced possibility of human intervention. This means, for example, that
the on-site hardware infrastructure should have low-power consumption. A
substantial effort towards the optimization of high-throughput computing
service is envisioned to provide hardware and software solutions with
high-throughput, low-power consumption at a low-cost.Comment: In Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference
(ICRC2015), The Hague, The Netherlands. All CTA contributions at
arXiv:1508.0589
High-resolution deep sequencing reveals biodiversity, population structure, and persistence of HIV-1 quasispecies within host ecosystems
The sweet side of venom: Glycosylated prothrombin activating metalloproteases from Dispholidus typus (boomslang) and Thelotornis mossambicanus (twig snake)
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Two susceptibility loci identified for prostate cancer aggressiveness
Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer will experience indolent disease; hence, discovering genetic variants that distinguish aggressive from nonaggressive prostate cancer is of critical clinical importance for disease prevention and treatment. In a multistage, case-only genome-wide association study of 12,518 prostate cancer cases, we identify two loci associated with Gleason score, a pathological measure of disease aggressiveness: rs35148638 at 5q14.3 (RASA1, P = 6.49 x 10^-9) and rs78943174 at 3q26.31 (NAALADL2, P = 4.18 x 10^-8). In a stratified case–control analysis, the SNP at 5q14.3 appears specific for aggressive prostate cancer (P = 8.85 x 10^-5) with no association for nonaggressive prostate cancer compared with controls (P = 0.57). The proximity of these loci to genes involved in vascular disease suggests potential biological mechanisms worthy of further investigation
When is Pharmacogenetic Testing for Antidepressant Response Ready for the Clinic? A Cost-effectiveness Analysis Based on Data from the STAR*D Study
Genome-Wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer-Specific Survival
Background: Unnecessary intervention and overtreatment of indolent
disease are common challenges in clinical management of prostate cancer.
Improved tools to distinguish lethal from indolent disease are critical.
Methods: We performed a genome-wide survival analysis of cause-specific
death in 24,023 prostate cancer patients (3,513 disease-specific deaths)
from the PRACTICAL and BPC3 consortia. Top findings were assessed for
replication in a Norwegian cohort (CONOR).
Results: We observed no significant association between genetic variants
and prostate cancer survival.
Conclusions: Common genetic variants with large impact on prostate
cancer survival were not observed in this study.
Impact: Future studies should be designed for identification of rare
variants with large effect sizes or common variants with small effect
sizes. (C) 2015 AACR
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A Systematic Framework to Rapidly Obtain Data on Patients with Cancer and COVID-19: CCC19 Governance, Protocol, and Quality Assurance
When the COVID-19 pandemic began, formal frameworks to collect data about affected patients were lacking. The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) was formed to collect granular data on patients with cancer and COVID-19 at scale and as rapidly as possible. CCC19 has grown from five initial institutions to 125 institutions with >400 collaborators. More than 5,000 cases with complete baseline data have been accrued. Future directions include increased electronic health record integration for direct data ingestion, expansion to additional domestic and international sites, more intentional patient involvement, and granular analyses of still-unanswered questions related to cancer subtypes and treatments.
When the COVID-19 pandemic began, formal frameworks to collect data about affected patients were lacking. The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) was formed to collect granular data on patients with cancer and COVID-19 at scale and as rapidly as possible. CCC19 has grown from five initial institutions to 125 institutions with >400 collaborators. More than 5,000 cases with complete baseline data have been accrued. Future directions include increased electronic health record integration for direct data ingestion, expansion to additional domestic and international sites, more intentional patient involvement, and granular analyses of still-unanswered questions related to cancer subtypes and treatments