49 research outputs found
How Saving the Cookies for Santa Could Save Our Children
Environmental factors and high sugar lunches represent a few proposed causes of the childhood obesity epidemic. Consequences of this epidemic are not limited to physical illnesses in children, but also psychological ones. The solution to this issue is more complex than a low carbohydrate diet or increased physical activity. Children need to be raised in an environment which fosters healthy lifestyle habits year-round
Personalization Paradox in Behavior Change Apps:Lessons from a Social Comparison-Based Personalized App for Physical Activity
Social comparison-based features are widely used in social computing apps.
However, most existing apps are not grounded in social comparison theories and
do not consider individual differences in social comparison preferences and
reactions. This paper is among the first to automatically personalize social
comparison targets. In the context of an m-health app for physical activity, we
use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques of multi-armed bandits. Results
from our user study (n=53) indicate that there is some evidence that motivation
can be increased using the AI-based personalization of social comparison. The
detected effects achieved small-to-moderate effect sizes, illustrating the
real-world implications of the intervention for enhancing motivation and
physical activity. In addition to design implications for social comparison
features in social apps, this paper identified the personalization paradox, the
conflict between user modeling and adaptation, as a key design challenge of
personalized applications for behavior change. Additionally, we propose
research directions to mitigate this Personalization Paradox
Contrasting Computational Models of Mate Preference Integration Across 45 Countries
Humans express a wide array of ideal mate preferences. Around the world, people desire romantic partners who are intelligent, healthy, kind, physically attractive, wealthy, and more. In order for these ideal preferences to guide the choice of actual romantic partners, human mating psychology must possess a means to integrate information across these many preference dimensions into summaries of the overall mate value of their potential mates. Here we explore the computational design of this mate preference integration process using a large sample of n = 14,487 people from 45 countries around the world. We combine this large cross-cultural sample with agent-based models to compare eight hypothesized models of human mating markets. Across cultures, people higher in mate value appear to experience greater power of choice on the mating market in that they set higher ideal standards, better fulfill their preferences in choice, and pair with higher mate value partners. Furthermore, we find that this cross-culturally universal pattern of mate choice is most consistent with a Euclidean model of mate preference integration.The work of Truong Ti Khanh Ha was supported by grants
501.01–2016.02 from the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED).
Anna Oleszkiewicz was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (#626/STYP/12/2017). Tis
study was conducted in line with project NIR No. 01201370995 “Cross-cultural and interdisciplinary researches.
Biosocial and cross-cultural analysis of models of tolerance and basic values of culture in modern society”
(Marina Butovskaya and Daria Dronova). Agnieszka Sorokowska and Piotr Sorokowski were supported by the
National Science Center—Poland (2014/13/B/HS6/02644). Petra Gyuris, András Láng, and Norbert Meskó were
supported by the Hungarian Scientifc Research Fund — OTKA (K125437). Feng Jiang was supported by the
National Nature Science Foundation of China, grant No. 71971225
A randomized controlled trial comparing Circle of Security Intervention and treatment as usual as interventions to increase attachment security in infants of mentally ill mothers: Study Protocol
The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge
Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action
Variation in and risk factors for paediatric inpatient all-cause mortality in a low income setting: data from an emerging clinical information network
A road map for designing and implementing a biological monitoring program
Designing and implementing natural resource monitoring is a challenging endeavor undertaken by many agencies, NGOs, and citizen groups worldwide. Yet many monitoring programs fail to deliver useful information for a variety of administrative (staffing, documentation, and funding) or technical (sampling design and data analysis) reasons. Programs risk failure if they lack a clear motivating problem or question, explicit objectives linked to this problem or question, and a comprehensive conceptual model of the system under study. Designers must consider what “success” looks like from a resource management perspective, how desired outcomes translate to appropriate attributes to monitor, and how they will be measured. All such efforts should be filtered through the question “Why is this important?” Failing to address these considerations will produce a program that fails to deliver the desired information. We addressed these issues through creation of a “road map” for designing and implementing a monitoring program, synthesizing multiple aspects of a monitoring program into a single, overarching framework. The road map emphasizes linkages among core decisions to ensure alignment of all components, from problem framing through technical details of data collection and analysis, to program administration. Following this framework will help avoid common pitfalls, keep projects on track and budgets realistic, and aid in program evaluations. The road map has proved useful for monitoring by individuals and teams, those planning new monitoring, and those reviewing existing monitoring and for staff with a wide range of technical and scientific skills
Reasons for facebook usage: Data from 46 countries
Seventy-nine percent of internet users use Facebook, and on average they access Facebook eight times a day (Greenwood et al., 2016). To put these numbers into perspective, according to Clement (2019), around 30% of the world\u2019s population uses this Online Social Network (OSN) site. Despite the constantly growing body of academic research on Facebook (Chou et al., 2009; Back et al., 2010; Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010; McAndrew and Jeong, 2012; Wilson et al., 2012; Krasnova et al., 2017), there remains limited research regarding the motivation behind Facebook use across different cultures. Our main goal was to collect data from a large cross-cultural sample of Facebook users to examine the roles of sex, age, and, most importantly, cultural differences underlying Facebook use