Explaining differences in one teacher’s instruction across multiple tracked fifth-grade classes

In this article, we describe the case of “Keri,” a fifth-grade teacher who had completed an Elementary Mathematics Specialist (EMS) certification program. Drawn from a larger study investigating the knowledge, beliefs, and practices of EMSs, Keri\u27s case was unique in that she was teaching mathematics to four classes in a departmentalized structure, where students were placed into different classes according to perceived mathematics ability. Observations from the larger study revealed that Keri\u27s instructional practices did not align with her reported beliefs and knowledge. To explore this deviation, we conducted a case study where we observed Keri\u27s instruction across multiple classes and used interviews to explore reasons for Keri\u27s instructional decisions in terms of her perceived professional obligations. We found that Keri did employ practices that were aligned with her reported beliefs and knowledge such as pressing students for mathematical justifications, but only in her “higher ability” classes. Interview data suggested that Keri\u27s decisions were driven by a strong obligation to individual students, overriding other obligations. We describe implications of these findings, including the limitations of teacher assessments and surveys as proxies for teaching quality, and discuss recommendations for approaches to teacher development that account for teachers’ perceived obligations

A Systematic Review of Social Factors and Suicidal Behavior in Older Adulthood

Suicide in later life is a global public health problem. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic analysis of studies with comparison groups that examined the associations between social factors and suicidal behavior (including ideation, non-fatal suicidal behavior, or deaths) among individuals aged 65 and older. Our search identified only 16 articles (across 14 independent samples) that met inclusion criteria. The limited number of studies points to the need for further research. Included studies were conducted in Canada (n = 2), Germany (n = 1), Hong Kong (n = 1), Japan (n = 1), Singapore (n = 1), Sweden (n = 2), Taiwan (n = 1), the U.K. (n = 2), and the U.S. (n = 3). The majority of the social factors examined in this review can be conceptualized as indices of positive social connectedness—the degree of positive involvement with family, friends, and social groups. Findings indicated that at least in industrialized countries, limited social connectedness is associated with suicidal ideation, non-fatal suicidal behavior, and suicide in later life. Primary prevention programs designed to enhance social connections as well as a sense of community could potentially decrease suicide risk, especially among men

Features and Outcomes of 899 Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury: The DILIN Prospective Study

The drug-induced liver injury network (DILIN) is conducting a prospective study of patients with DILI in the United States. We present characteristics and subgroup analyses from the first 1257 patients enrolled in the study

Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of INEBRIA

CITATION: Watson, R., et al. 2016. Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of INEBRIA. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 11:13, doi:10.1186/s13722-016-0062-9.The original publication is available at https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.comENGLISH SUMMARY : Meeting abstracts.https://ascpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13722-016-0062-9Publisher's versio

SYGL-1 and LST-1 link niche signaling to PUF RNA repression for stem cell maintenance in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>

<div><p>Central questions in regenerative biology include how stem cells are maintained and how they transition from self-renewal to differentiation. Germline stem cells (GSCs) in <i>Caeno-rhabditis elegans</i> provide a tractable <i>in vivo</i> model to address these questions. In this system, Notch signaling and PUF RNA binding proteins, FBF-1 and FBF-2 (collectively FBF), maintain a pool of GSCs in a naïve state. An open question has been how Notch signaling modulates FBF activity to promote stem cell self-renewal. Here we report that two Notch targets, SYGL-1 and LST-1, link niche signaling to FBF. We find that SYGL-1 and LST-1 proteins are cytoplasmic and normally restricted to the GSC pool region. Increasing the distribution of SYGL-1 expands the pool correspondingly, and vast overexpression of either SYGL-1 or LST-1 generates a germline tumor. Thus, SYGL-1 and LST-1 are each sufficient to drive “stemness” and their spatial restriction prevents tumor formation. Importantly, SYGL-1 and LST-1 can only drive tumor formation when FBF is present. Moreover, both proteins interact physically with FBF, and both are required to repress a signature FBF mRNA target. Together, our results support a model in which SYGL-1 and LST-1 form a repressive complex with FBF that is crucial for stem cell maintenance. We further propose that progression from a naïve stem cell state to a state primed for differentiation relies on loss of SYGL-1 and LST-1, which in turn relieves FBF target RNAs from repression. Broadly, our results provide new insights into the link between niche signaling and a downstream RNA regulatory network and how this circuitry governs the balance between self-renewal and differentiation.</p></div

SYGL-1 and LST-1 tumor formation relies on FBF.

<p>(A-I) Epistasis tests using <i>sygl-1(ubiq)</i> or <i>lst-1(ubiq)</i> transgenes. All images are dissected young adult gonads stained with sperm marker SP56 (red) and DAPI (cyan). (A-C) Epistasis with <i>glp-1</i>. (A) GSC defect in <i>glp-1(q46)</i> null: the few GSCs in L1 larvae differentiate as sperm [<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007121#pgen.1007121.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>]. (B and C) Germline tumor in <i>sygl-1(ubiq); glp-1(q46)</i> null and <i>lst-1(ubiq); glp-1(q46)</i> null. (D-F) Epistasis with <i>lst-1 sygl-1</i>. (D) GSC defect in <i>lst-1(ok814) sygl-1(tm5040)</i> double mutant is indistinguishable from that of <i>glp-1</i> null [<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007121#pgen.1007121.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>]. (E and F) Germline tumor in <i>lst-1(ok814) sygl-1(tm5040); sygl-1(ubiq)</i> and in <i>lst-1(ok814) sygl-1(tm5040); lst-1(ubiq)</i>. (G-I) Epistasis test with <i>fbf-1 fbf-2</i>. GSC defect in <i>fbf-1(ok91) fbf-2(q704)</i> double mutant: GSCs made in larvae but not maintained past late L4 when all differentiate as sperm at 15°C and 20°C [<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007121#pgen.1007121.ref015" target="_blank">15</a>]. At 25°C, a small number of GSCs is maintained in adults [<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007121#pgen.1007121.ref040" target="_blank">40</a>]. (H and I) GSC defect similar to that of <i>fbf-1 fbf-2</i> double mutant in <i>fbf-1(ok91) fbf-2(q704) sygl-1(ubiq)</i> and <i>fbf-1(ok91) fbf-2(q704) lst-1(ubiq)</i>. See <b><a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007121#pgen.1007121.s005" target="_blank">S5 Fig</a></b> for confirmation that SYGL-1 and LST-1 are expressed and functional in these strains, and for characterization of these strains at 25°C. Conventions as in <b><a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007121#pgen.1007121.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1E–1J</a></b>; scale bar is 20 μm. In all strains, <i>sygl-1(ubiq)</i> is <i>qSi235[P</i>_<i>mex-5</i>::<i>3xFLAG</i>::<i>sygl-1</i>::<i>tbb-2 3’end]</i> and <i>lst-1(ubiq)</i> is <i>qSi267[P</i>_<i>mex-5</i>:: <i>lst-1</i>::<i>3xFLAG</i>::<i>tbb-2 3’end]</i>. (J) Summary of epistasis results. (K) Revised genetic model for GSC regulation. See text for further explanation.</p