Video Dehazing Network Based on Multiscale Attention

Learning-based methods are mostly performed on images. However, less attention has been paid to these methods for video dehazing. This is because of the challenges involved in finding ways to better extract and fuse the spatial and temporal features between consecutive frames, as well as the reconstruction of a more realistic latent frame. This study proposes a multiscale attention video dehazing network (MAVDN) to recover clear dehazed videos. In terms of feature extraction, the proposed method used a feature extractor based on multiscale attention to extracting features at different levels comprehensively. A pixel attention-guided multi-frame fusion module was designed for temporal modeling to aggregate complementary information between adjacent frames. Additionally, a reconstruction module based on cascaded dilated convolutions was designed to better reconstruct the latent frames in the reconstruction stage. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world video dehazing datasets show that the proposed MAVDN achieved superior dehazing performance compared to state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, the PSNR and SSIM of MAVDN results reached $24.01d\text{B}$ and 0.8832, respectively

Comparison between Drift Test Bench and Other Techniques in Spray Drift Evaluation of an Eight-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Spraying System: The Influence of Meteorological Parameters and Nozzle Types

In the past decade, an unmanned aerial spraying system (UASS) was applied more and more widely for low-volume aerial pesticides spraying operations in China. However, UASS have a higher drift risk due to more fine droplets sprayed with a higher working height and a faster driving speed than ground sprayers. Study on UASS spray drift is a new hot spot within the field of pesticide application technology. The field test bench was originally designed and applied for the measurement of the spray drift potential of ground sprayers. No methodology using the test bench for UASS drift evaluation was reported. Based on our previous study, field drift measurements of an eight-rotor UASS were conducted using three techniques (test bench, ground petri dish, and airborne collection frame) in this study, and the effects of meteorological parameters and nozzle types were investigated, to explore the applicability and the feasibility of the test bench used in UASS field drift evaluation. The test bench is proven promising for direct drift determination of UASS and the described methodology enabled classification of different UASS configurations. Higher wind speeds and finer droplets produced higher drift values. The faster the wind speed and the lower the humidity, the more the spray drift. The test bench can reduce the site requirements and improve the efficiency of the field drift test

Tumor‐associated macrophages‐educated reparative macrophages promote diabetic wound healing

Abstract Nonhealing diabetic wounds, with persistent inflammation and damaged vasculature, have failed conventional treatments and require comprehensive interference. Here, inspired by tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) that produce abundant immunosuppressive and proliferative factors in tumor development, we generate macrophages to recapitulate TAMs' reparative functions, by culturing normal macrophages with TAMs' conditional medium (TAMs‐CM). These TAMs‐educated macrophages (TAMEMs) outperform major macrophage phenotypes (M0, M1, or M2) in suppressing inflammation, stimulating angiogenesis, and activating fibroblasts in vitro. When delivered to skin wounds in diabetic mice, TAMEMs efficiently promote healing. Based on TAMs‐CM's composition, we further reconstitute a nine‐factor cocktail to train human primary monocytes into TAMEMsC‐h, which fully resemble TAMEMs' functions without using tumor components, thereby having increased safety and enabling the preparation of autologous cells. Our study demonstrates that recapitulating TAMs' unique reparative activities in nontumor cells can lead to an effective cell therapeutic approach with high translational potential for regenerative medicine

Additional file 1 of Intracellular mRNA phase separation induced by cationic polymers for tumor immunotherapy

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Characterization of cDex and DETA-Dex. Figure S2. Kinetic analysis of the RNA droplets induced by the cationic polymers. Figure S3. Quantification of the transcription levels of common markers by RNA-seq. Figure S4. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Figure S5. Evaluation of antitumor activity of the cationic polymers in the BALB/c mouse model and BALB/c nude mouse model. Figure S6. Examples of the gating strategies for intracellular staining flow cytometry analysis. Figure S7. Evaluation of the antitumor activity of the cationic polymer combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody. Table S1. GPC analysis of the cationic polymers. Table S2. Dextran standards for GPC analysis. Table S3. qPCR primers and probes. Table S4. Flow cytometry antibodies