Phylogenomic Perspective on a Unique Mycobacterium bovis Clade Dominating Bovine Tuberculosis Infections among Cattle and Buffalos in Northern Brazil.

Lack of routine surveillance in countries endemic for bovine tuberculosis (TB) and limited laboratory support contributes to the inability to differentiate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex species, leading to an underestimated burden of the disease. Here, Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from tissues with TB-like lesions obtained from cattle and buffalos at Marajó Island, Brazil, demonstrates that recent transmission of M. bovis is ongoing at distinct sites. Moreover, the M. bovis epidemiology in this setting is herein found to be dominated by an endemic and unique clade composed of strains evolved from a common ancestor that are now genetically differentiated from other M. bovis clades. Additionally, envisioning a rapid strain differentiation and tracing across multiple settings, 28 globally validated strain-specific SNPs were identified, three of which considered as robust markers for the M. bovis Marajó strain. In conclusion, this study contributes with data regarding the identification of a novel M. bovis phylogenetic clade responsible for ongoing transmission events in both cattle and buffalo species in Brazil, provides a framework to investigate the dissemination of this highly prevalent strain and, holds the potential to inform TB control strategies that may help to prevent the spread of bovine and zoonotic TB

Molecular characterization of pre-extensive drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Northeast Brazil

In Fortaleza, the capital of Ceara State, Brazil, the detection rate of tuberculosis (TB) in 2018 was 65.5/100,000 inhabitants with a cure rate of 59.1%, which is higher than the country average. This study investigated the risk factors associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and identified the drug-resistance phenotype and resistance-conferring mutations. The geographic distribution of DR-TB in Fortaleza, Brazil, was also determined. From March 2017 to February 2018, 41 DR-TB isolates and 69 drug-susceptible pulmonary TB isolates were obtained from patients seen at a referral hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. Samples were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analysis of resistance; the spatial distribution of the participants was also analyzed. Primary resistance was high (50.9%) among participants. The following risk factors for DR were identified: being female (p = 0.03), having diabetes (p < 0.01), history of previous TB disease (p < 0.01), and the number of intra-domiciliary contacts (p < 0.01). Analysis by multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction detected mutations in the genes katG (65.8%), rpoB (43.9%), inhA promoter (14.6%), and gyrA (9.8%). Sequencing identified mutations in the the genes katG (75.6%), inhA promoter (19.5%), rpoB (85.4%), and gyrA (100%). There was no mutation in the rrs gene. Spatial analysis showed DR-TB isolates distributed in areas of low socioeconomic status in the city of Fortaleza. Our results emphasized the importance of detecting resistance to TB drugs. The resistance found in the gene gyrA is of concern due to the high number of pre-extensive DR-TB cases in Fortaleza

Changes in the color and sensitivity of the tongue in adult women after COVID-19 treatment

Objectives: to describe the changes in color and sensitivity of the tongue in adult women, in the period after the treatment of COVID-19 and explain the dental conduct for treatment. Case report: there was a request for dental evaluation by a public and reference University Hospital in the city of Recife, northeast of Brazil. The patient in question was a 33 years-old white female. There was a history of diagnosis and treatment for COVID-19, with antibiotic, antipyretic and medication for worms, with the complaint of much sensitivity and change in language. The physical examination showed gingivitis in the lower sextant, with spontaneous gingival bleeding and dark spots on the dorsum of the tongue, associated with increased discomfort in the region. It was observed that the patient did not receive any orientation about oral hygiene, even with the report of pain in this region. It was opted for the orientation of the hygienization, with the reinforcement of the cleanness of the tongue, cheeks with hydrogen peroxide or oxygenated water to 10 volumes and the reinforcement for the ingestion of vitamin C, beyond the control of the biofilm, for the treatment of the gingivitis in the anterior and inferior sextant. Conclusions: this report covers the control made in seven days, being the images referring to the third day after the guidelines. There was a change in the color of the tongue and sensibility, with regular ingestion of food and liquids. There was also an improvement in gingivitis, but control is necessary.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

DEPRESSÃO INFANTIL: aspectos gerais, diagnóstico e tratamento

A depressão infantil tem sido um transtorno bastante pesquisado nos dias atuais, ao contrário do que acontecia há mais de 30 anos quando era uma doença considerada característica dos adultos. Atualmentejá não se tem mais dúvida de que esta patologia afeta também as crianças, podendo interferir no seu processo de desenvolvimento. São várias as causas para esta doença, entre elas destacam-se os problemas familiares, onde a criança não se sente amada e protegida, passando do isolamento à queda no rendimento escolar. Para um tratamento eficaz, é importante que seja diagnosticada o mais cedo possível, caso contrário poderá acarretar problemas futuros, desencadeando uma depressão ainda maior na idade adulta. Assim sendo, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de realizar um levantamento acerca dos aspectos mais relevantes da depressão infantil, incluindo variáveis que podem desencadear tal distúrbio, sintomatologia,diagnóstico e tratamento.Palavras-chave: Depressão infantil. Sintomatologia. Diagnóstico. Tratamento. Saúde da família. CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION:general aspects, diagnosis and treatmentAbstract: Childhood depression has been a widely researched nowadays, contrary to what happened for more than 30 years when it was considered a characteristic disease of the adults. Currently there is no longer more doubt that this disease also affects children and can interfere with your development process. There are several causes for this disease, among them stand out familiars problems, where the child does not feel loved and protected, going from isolation to poor school performance. For an effective treatment, it is important to be diagnosed as early as possible, otherwise it may lead to future problems, triggering an even greater depression in adulthood. Thus, the present study aims to conduct a survey about the most relevant aspects of childhood depression, including variables that may trigger the disturb, symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment.Keywords: Childhood depression. Symptomatology. Diagnosis. Treatment. Family health. DEPRESIÓN INFANTIL:aspectos generales, diagnóstico y tratamientoResumen: La depresión infantil ha sido un transtorno ampliamente investigado en la actualidad, a diferenciade lo que ocurrió hace más de 30 años, cuando se consideraba una enfermedad propia de los adultos. Actualmente ya no hay más duda de que esta enfermedad también afecta a los niños y puede interferir con su proceso de desarrollo. Hay varias causas para esta enfermedad, entre los que se destacan los problemas familiares, en los que el niño no se siente querido y protegido, pasando del aislamiento a bajo rendimiento escolar. Para un tratamiento eficaz, es importante ser diagnosticado tan pronto como sea posible, de lo contrario puede conducir a problemas en el futuro, lo que podrá provocar una depresión aún mayor en la edad adulta. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una evaluación sobre los aspectos más relevantes de la depresión infantil, incluyendo las variables que pueden desencadenar la enfermedad, sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento.Palabras clave: Depresión infantil. Sintomatología. Diagnóstico. Tratamiento. Salud de la família

Temas Geradores: Mudanças Ambientais Globais

Material em formato .pdf -- Parte do material do curso de Especialização em Educação Ambiental com Ênfase em Espaços Educadores Sustentáveis– COMFOR – SEB – SECADI – MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃOCoordenação pedagógica do curso: Coordenadora: Romilda Fernández Felisbino / Vice-Coordenadora: Sarah Isabel Pinto Monteiro do Nascimento AlvesEquipe de Produção - SEAD – UNIFESP -- Felipe Vieira Pacheco - Coordenador de Produção / Fábio Gongora Freire - Designer Instrucional / Margeci Leal de Freitas Alves - Designer Instrucional / Fabrício Sawczen - Designer Gráfico• Módulo 4: Temas Geradores: Mudanças Ambientais Globais -- Este módulo apresenta os temas geradores com a dimensão dos quatro elementos: água, terra, fogo e ar. Aborda temas relacionados à mudanças ambientais globais como: biodiversidade, energia, mobilidade, mudanças climáticas, entre outros. Inicia a partir de uma situação problema – crise hídrica – com o objetivo de propiciar a prática da interdependência entre as questões ambientais.Contribuições de: - Adriana Regina Braga - Anna Cecilia Venturini - Cristiana Maria Pedroso YoshidaOutr

A lógica fuzzy no estudo da qualidade da água do rio Uraim Paragominas-PA / The fuzzy logic in the study of water quality in the Uraim Paragominas- PA

A preservação da qualidade das águas é um fator importante para o equilíbrio aquático e para o abastecimento da população que utiliza o corpo hídrico. Esta pesquisa justifica-se pela influência do regime pluviométrico sobre os corpos hídricos com alterações dos parâmetros físico-químicos destes, que interferem diretamente na qualidade da água dos rios e podem ser ocasionadas por diferentes fatores, como o aumento ou diminuição do índice de chuvas de uma região. Nesse sentido o objetivo deste trabalho é fazer um estudo da influência do índice pluviométrico do município de Paragominas-PA nos parâmetros pH, Turbidez, Cor e DBO das águas do rio Uraim utilizando para isso, o software MATrix LABoratory - MATLAB. Quanto ao método, ele foi hipotético-dedutivo, com isso a pesquisa torna-se observativa, sistemática, direta, com caráter exploratório. Os dados obtidos indicaram forte relação entre as variáveis analisadas, que entre os parâmetros hídricos o pH sofre interferências de parâmetros como a turbidez, cor, DBO, especialmente no período chuvoso. Além disso, devido a decomposição do material orgânico e a alta produtividade de algas presentes na água, influencia no aumento de microrganismos fotossintetizantes no recurso hídrico elevando as taxas de gás carbônico (CO2). Com uma base de dados consistente no que tange os índices pluviométricos do município de Paragominas e alguns parâmetros relacionados com a qualidade da agua do rio Uraim, observou-se a importância do uso de ferramentas computacionais para avaliação e verificação dos parâmetros da qualidade da agua. 

Genomic Diversity of the Rarely Observed Genotype of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Central Asian (CAS) Lineage 3 from North Brazil

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Central Asian Strain (CAS) Lineage 3 (L3) genotype is predominantly found in East-Africa, Central-Asia, Western-Asia, and South-Asia; however, a new spoligotyping CAS/SIT2545 was found in northern regions of Brazil. We aimed to characterize and describe the genetic diversity and perform a phylogenetic assessment of this novel genotype. We performed 24-MIRU-VNTR loci and Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of six Brazilian isolates previously spoligotyped. The libraries were prepared using a Nextera-XT kit and sequenced in a NextSeq 550 Illumina instrument. We performed lineage assignment and genomic characterization. From publicly available genomes of Mtb L3 and other lineages, we created a robust dataset to run the MTBSeq pipeline and perform a phylogenetic analysis. MIRU-VNTR and WGS confirmed CAS/SIT2545 belongs to L3. Out of 1691 genomes, 1350 (79.83%) passed in quality control (genomic coverage > 95%). Strain 431 differed in 52 single nucleotide variants (SNV), confirming it does not belong to the same transmission chain. The eight genomes from a global dataset clustered closer to Brazilian strains differed in >52 SNVs. We hypothesized L3 and L1 were introduced in Brazilian Northern in the same historical event; however, there is a need for additional studies exploring the genetic diversity of Mtb Brazilian Northern

Spatial Analysis of Tuberculosis Patient Flow in a Neglected Region of Northern Brazil

Tuberculosis (TB) is still considered a priority due to its high incidence rate in Brazil. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the flow of care between the municipalities of patients diagnosed with TB through notification forms of the Information System for Diseases and Notifications (SINAN) in a neglected region of Northern Brazil, Ilha do Marajó, state of Para. For this, we performed a descriptive, retrospective study on data obtained from the National Register of Health Establishments and SINAN from 2013 to 2018. We used Pearson’s Chi-square and G Test with p-value < 0.05 for descriptive statistics and spatial analysis technique on flow network analysis. Of the 749 cases, 16.5% were notified in another municipality that was not the patient’s residence. Regarding diagnostic methods, a positive bacterioscopy was adopted for 56% of the patients; culture was not performed for 82% of cases. Histopathological examination was not performed in 90% of the individuals. Rapid molecular test (RMT) was performed in only six (5%) cases. The region needs greater attention focused on diagnostic tests, suggesting that the introduction of RMT and culture by Ogawa-Kudoh could improve the region’s health network to minimise patient displacement and thus avoid the increase in the transmission chain of TB

Spatial analysis of Tuberculosis patient flow in a neglected region of Northern Brazil

CAPES Foundation (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), which operates under the Brazilian Ministry of Education and was granted with the number 1660892.State University of Pará. Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon Region. Belém, PA, Brazil / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Graduate Program in Health, Environment and Society. Belém, PA, Brazil.Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics. SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research. DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research. South AfricaState University of Pará. Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon Region. Belém, PA, Brazil.State University of Pará. Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon Region. Belém, PA, Brazil.State University of Pará. Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon Region. Belém, PA, Brazil / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil /Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Programa de Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.State University of Pará. Program in Parasitic Biology in the Amazon Region. Belém, PA, Brazil / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil /Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Programa de Epidemiologia e Vigilância em Saúde. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Tuberculosis (TB) is still considered a priority due to its high incidence rate in Brazil. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the flow of care between the municipalities of patients diagnosed with TB through notification forms of the Information System for Diseases and Notifications (SINAN) in a neglected region of Northern Brazil, Ilha do Marajó, state of Para. For this, we performed a descriptive, retrospective study on data obtained from the National Register of Health Establishments and SINAN from 2013 to 2018. We used Pearson’s Chi-square and G Test with p-value < 0.05 for descriptive statistics and spatial analysis technique on flow network analysis. Of the 749 cases, 16.5% were notified in another municipality that was not the patient’s residence. Regarding diagnostic methods, a positive bacterioscopy was adopted for 56% of the patients; culture was not performed for 82% of cases. Histopathological examination was not performed in 90% of the individuals. Rapid molecular test (RMT) was performed in only six (5%) cases. The region needs greater attention focused on diagnostic tests, suggesting that the introduction of RMT and culture by Ogawa-Kudoh could improve the region’s health network to minimise patient displacement and thus avoid the increase in the transmission chain of TB

Whole-genome sequencing of alcaligenes faecalis HZ01, with potential to inhibit nontuberculous mycobacterial growth

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazil (finance code 001)Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics. South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research. Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research. Cape Town, South Africa / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Pesquisa Clínica e Doenças Infecciosas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Liverpool John Moores University. Faculty of Engineering and Technology. Liverpool, UK.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Universidade do Estado do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Pós-Graduação Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia. Belém, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-Campus Macaé. Instituto de Química. Macaé, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto Biomédico. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative rod that is ubiquitous in the environment and is an opportunistic human pathogen. Here, we report the whole-genome sequencing analysis of A. faecalis HZ01, which presents mycobacterial growth inhibitory activity and was isolated from a contaminated culture of Mycobacterium chubuense ATCC 27278