El nuevo Grado de Medicina en la Universidad Miguel Hernández

La puesta en marcha del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) es en este momento un motor de reforma pedagógica y docente. Dirigido por la Conferencia Nacional de Decanos de las Facultades de Medicina, se ha realizado un esfuerzo considerable por plantear una reforma que se adecúe a las necesidades asistenciales y de investigación en biomedicina existentes en el momento actual en nuestro país. Teniendo en cuenta la experiencia y las directrices existentes en otros países, se ha realizado una propuesta plasmada en el libro blanco de la titulación de Medicina, centrada en la adquisición de competencias por parte de los alumnos, marcando objetivos docentes a distintos niveles y respetando al máximo la autonomía de cada facultad. 2 An. R. Acad. Med. Comunitat Valenciana, 11 Con relación a nuestra Comunidad Valenciana, la Conselleria de Sanitat, a través de la Agencia Valenciana de Salut, ha realizado un análisis en profundidad de cómo debe ser un hospital universitario realizando 7 constataciones (tabla 1) y proponiendo 19 medidas

Cartilage tissue engeenering using mesenchymal stromal cells on Col I scaffolds

[Resumen] OBJETIVO: Desarrollar un modelo in vitro de reparación de lesiones de cartílago articular humano basado en la capacidad de diferenciación condrogénica de las células mesenquimales estromales aisladas de médula ósea humana (CMEs-MOh) cultivadas sobre soportes de colágeno tipo I (Col I). METODOLOGÍA: Se aislaron CMEs-MOh a partir de biopsias de cadera. Estas células se caracterizaron morfológicamente y funcionalmente in vitro. Posteriormente, las CMEs-MOh se cultivaron sobre soportes de Col I donde, una vez comprobado que las células crecían sobre él, se introdujeron en los modelos de reparación in vitro para su cultivo en medio de diferenciación condrogénico. La valoración de la reparación se realizó empleando técnicas histológicas e inmunohistoquímicas y la escala de la International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II modificada. RESULTADOS: A partir de médula ósea (MO) de cadera, se obtuvieron CMEs-MOh. La caracterización morfológica y funcional in vitro de estas células puso de manifiesto que se trataba de células mesenquimales estromales. Las CMEs-MOh fueron capaces de crecer, diferenciarse y formar un neotejido en el modelo de reparación, obteniendo una reparación de cartílago articular del 54%, denominada “fibrocartílago”. CONCLUSIONES: Se consiguió obtener y aislar CMEs-MOh a partir de biopsias de cadera. El análisis morfológico y la capacidad de diferenciación adipogénica, osteogénica y condrogénica, permite considerar a las células aisladas como CMEs-MOh. Estas células, cultivadas sobre Col I, tienen capacidad de crecer, diferenciarse a células con características similares a condrocitos y producir un neotejido en el interior de las lesiones de cartílago articular.[Abstract] AIM: To develop an in vitro model of human cartilage repair based on the chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells, isolated from human bone marrow (CMEs-MOh), cultured on type I collagen (Col I) scaffolds. METHODOLOGY: CMEs-MOh were isolated from hip biopsies. These cells were characterized morphologically and functionally in vitro. Subsequently, CMEs-MOh were cultured on Col I scaffolds where, once it had been verified that the cells grew on them, they were introduced inside the in vitro repair model and cultured in chondrogenic medium. The evaluation of repair was performed using histological and inmunochemistry techniques and the modified International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) II scale. RESULTS: CMEs-MOh were obtained from hip bone marrow. Morphological, and functionally characterization of these cells demonstrated that they were CMEs. These cells were able to grow, differentiate and synthesize a neotissue in the in vitro repair model, obtaining a cartilage repair of 54%, denominated “fibrocartilage”. CONCLUSIONS: CMEs-MOh were obtained and isolated from hip biopsies. The morphological and adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation analysis, allow to consider these cells as CMEs-MOh. Cells isolated from human bone marrow, grew on Col I, differentiated to chondrocyte-like cells and synthesized a cartilage-like neotissue, inside the lesions of the in vitro cartilage repair model.Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.CIE). Biotecnoloxía avanzada. Curso 2015/201

Construction of Intelligent Virtual Worlds Using a Grammatical Framework

The potential of integrating multiagent systems and virtual environments has not been exploited to its whole extent. This paper proposes a model based on grammars, called Minerva, to construct complex virtual environments that integrate the features of agents. A virtual world is described as a set of dynamic and static elements. The static part is represented by a sequence of primitives and transformations and the dynamic elements by a series of agents. Agent activation and communication is achieved using events, created by the so-called event generators. The grammar defines a descriptive language with a simple syntax and a semantics, defined by functions. The semantics functions allow the scene to be displayed in a graphics device, and the description of the activities of the agents, including artificial intelligence algorithms and reactions to physical phenomena. To illustrate the use of Minerva, a practical example is presented: a simple robot simulator that considers the basic features of a typical robot. The result is a functional simple simulator. Minerva is a reusable, integral, and generic system, which can be easily scaled, adapted, and improved. The description of the virtual scene is independent from its representation and the elements that it interacts with

How many and which physicians? A comparative study of the evolution of the supply of physicians and specialist training in Brazil and Spain

Abstract Background: In the face of the medical workforce shortage, several countries have promoted the opening of medical schools and the expansion of undergraduate and specialization education in medicine. Few studies have compared the characteristics and effects of expanding the supply of general practitioners and specialist physicians between countries. Brazil and Spain, two countries with distinct historical processes and socioeconomic scenarios, yet both with universal public health systems and common aspects in training and medical work, have registered a significant increase in the number of physicians and can be used to understand the challenges of strategic planning for the medical workforce. Methods: This study provides a descriptive approach using longitudinal data from official databases in Brazil and Spain from 1998 to 2017. Among the comparable indicators, the absolute numbers of physicians, the population size, and the physician’s ratio by inhabitants were used. The number of medical schools and undergraduate places in public and private institutions, the supply of residency training posts, and the number of medical specialists and medical residents per 100 000 inhabitants were also used to compare both countries. Seventeen medical specialties with the highest number of specialists and comparability between the two countries were selected for further comparison. Results: Due to the opening of medical schools, the density of physicians per 1 000 inhabitants grew by 28% in Spain and 51% in Brazil between 1998 and 2017. In that period, Spain and Brazil increased the supply of annual undergraduate places by 60% and 137%, respectively. There is a predominance of private institutions providing available undergraduate places, and the supply of medical residency posts is smaller than the contingent of medical graduates/general practitioners each yea

Tributo al professor Miguel F. Refojo, PhD, DSc (1928---2016)

López-Alemany, A.; Compañ Moreno, V.; Merayo Lloves, J.; Gonzalez-Meijome, J. (2017). Tribute to Professor Miguel F. Refojo, PhD, DSc (1928-2016). Journal of Optometry. 10:1-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2016.12.001S121

Compressive Strength Classification of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Using a Support Vector Machine Model

Lightweight aggregates (LWA) are used to produce low-density concretes required for building applications. Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) is a multi-purpose material for construction, which offers technical, economical and environment benefits, and it is produced by replacing the normal-weight aggregates with LWA, depending upon the requirements of density and strength. LWAC is a complex composite material, and a model of its compressive strength must be highly nonlinear because it is very sensitive to its ingredients, so modelling its behaviour is a difficult task. Many studies have tried to develop accurate and effective predictive models for LWAC compressive strength. In this study, a support vector machine (SVM) learning algorithm is used to propose a model to classify the compressive strength of a wide range of LWAC. A dataset of 241 different LWACs were used for classifying the compressive strength into six different classes (from low-strength to high-strength) using different variables – quantity of cement, water and LWA in the dosage and density of the LWAC produced. The results show that increasing the variables means the model becomes more accurate up to approximately an 80% rate of success. The SVM model proved to be a significant tool to classify the compressive strength of LWAC contributing to engineers avoiding costly experimental trial tests.This research was supported by the University of Alicante (GRE13-03) and (VIGROB-256)

Red de seguimiento de calidad de asignaturas de primer curso del Grado en Ingeniería Informática

El trabajo de esta Red Docente se ha planteado como una continuación directa del realizado en el marco de la Red Docente 2733, del curso pasado. Continuamos con la elaboración del mapa conceptual, en el que ahora vamos a identificar solapamientos y lagunas en los conocimientos del egresado en el Grado en Ingeniería Informática. Por otro lado hemos simplificado y mejorado la gestión del calendario de evaluación, en el que se reflejan todas las pruebas evaluables que realizan los alumnos de la titulación, con el objetivo de mejorar la coordinación y evitar la excesiva concentración de pruebas en un reducido período de tiempo

The figure of the tenure-eligible lecturer: current situation Spain and experience in Andalusia

En este documento se refieren las bases legales nacionales y, más en concreto, las autonómicas andaluzas que dan respaldo a la figura del profesor contratado doctor vinculado y a la posibilidad de convocar las plazas correspondientes en las facultades de medicina de las universidades públicas espanolas. ˜ Se exponen, asimismo, las características asistenciales y académicas que deben darse para llevar a cabo la convocatoria pública de dichas plazas. Se resume, a continuación, cuál es la situación actual existente en relación con dicha figura del profesorado en las facultades de medicina espanolas. ˜ Se analizan también las ventajas y las posibles limitaciones que actualmente se derivan de contar con profesores contratados doctores vinculados y ello tanto para los médicos especialistas eventualmente interesados en optar a una de estas plazas como para el centro sanitario y la facultad de medicina correspondientes. Finalmente, se resena˜ la posible utilidad del documento elaborado por la Conferencia Nacional de Decanos de Facultades de Medicina de Espana˜ (CNDFME) en la Asamblea General que se celebró en la Facultad de Medicina de Oviedo del 17 al 19 de mayo del 2018 y actualizado en marzo de 2020.A discussion is presented on the national legal foundations, and more specifically, those of Andalusia, that support the figure of the tenure-eligible lecturer and the possibility of filling the corresponding positions in the faculties of medicine in Spanish public universities are discussed. The clinical and academic characteristics that they must have in order to fill those public positions are also presented. The current situation as regards such a figure as a lecturer in Spanish faculties of medicine is then summarised. An analysis is made of the advantages and the possible limitations arising from having a tenure-eligible lecturer, and how this affects both the medical specialists possibly interested in opting for one of these positions, as well as for the corresponding health centres and faculties of medicine. Finally, mention is made of the possible use of the document prepared by the National Conference of Medical Faculty Deans (CNDFME) in the General Assembly held in the Oviedo Faculty of Medicine from 17 to 19 May 2018, and updated in March 2020

Risk analysis for patient safety in surgical departments: Cross-sectional design usefulness

(1) Background: Identifying and measuring adverse events (AE) is a priority for patient safety, which allows us to define and prioritise areas for improvement and evaluate and develop solutions to improve health care quality. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of AEs in surgical and medical-surgical departments and to know the health impact of these AEs. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study determining the prevalence of AEs in surgical and medical-surgical departments was conducted and a comparison was made among both clinical areas. A total of 5228 patients were admitted in 58 hospitals in Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru, within the Latin American Study of Adverse Events (IBEAS), led by the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Pan American Health Organization, and the WHO Patient Safety programme. (3) Results: The global prevalence of AEs was 10.7%. However, the prevalence of AEs in surgical departments was 11.9%, while in medical-surgical departments it was 8.9%. The causes of these AEs were associated with surgical procedures (38.6%) and nosocomial infections (35.4%). About 60.6% of the AEs extended hospital stays by 30.7 days on average and 25.8% led to readmission with an average hospitalisation of 15 days. About 22.4% resulted in death, disability, or surgical reintervention. (4) Conclusions: Surgical departments were associated with a higher risk of experiencing AEs

The figure of the tenure-eligible lecturer: current situation Spain and experience in Andalusia

A discussion is presented on the national legal foundations, and more specifically, those of Andalusia, that support the figure of the tenure-eligible lecturer and the possibility of filling the corresponding positions in the faculties of medicine in Spanish public universities are discussed. The clinical and academic characteristics that they must have in order to fill those public positions are also presented. The current situation as regards such a figure as a lecturer in Spanish faculties of medicine is then summarised. An analysis is made of the advantages and the possible limitations arising from having a tenure-eligible lecturer, and how this affects both the medical specialists possibly interested in opting for one of these positions, as well as for the corresponding health centres and faculties of medicine. Finally, mention is made of the possible use of the document prepared by the National Conference of Medical Faculty Deans (CNDFME) in the General Assembly held in the Oviedo Faculty of Medicine from 17 to 19 May 2018, and updated in March 2020