33 research outputs found

    Characterization of Brachypodium distachyon as a grass model for reserach in freezing tolerance

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    Long exposure to low non-freezing temperatures accelerates flowering and triggers cold acclimation in winter wheat and barley. Cold tolerance is a complex but important trait that influences yield considerably. Brachypodium distachyon is an annual temperate wild grass species and is a powerful model to study grass biology, but the capacity of this plant to tolerate freezing is unknown. An integrated approach involving double ridge formation, final leaf number, and osmoprotectant content was used to confirm the growth habit and freezing tolerance ability of seven diploid Brachypodium distachyon accessions. In addition, expression analyses of orthologs of the major vernalization regulator VRN1 and COR genes including an antifreeze protein and a temperature-induced lipocalin (TIL) were conducted. Our results demonstrate that formerly classified spring accessions behaved more like facultative accessions by showing increased osmoprotectants and COR transcripts accumulation upon cold exposure. The confirmed winter accessions acquired vernalization saturation after 49 days and accumulated COR transcripts to higher levels although no significant difference was observed between the osmoprotectant content of spring and winter accessions. Transgenic lines overexpressing a TIL were also generated to increase the freezing tolerance capacity of the spring accession Bd21. This study validates Brachypodium distachyon as a valuable model system to study freezing tolerance in temperate cereals.Les basses températures au-dessus de zéro accélÚrent la floraison et déclenchent l'acclimatation au froid chez le blé et l'orge d'hiver. La tolérance au gel est un trait complexe et important qui influence les rendements considérablement. Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) est une céréale annuelle de climat tempéré et un puissant modÚle pour étudier la biologie des monocotylédones, mais les capacités de tolérance au gel de cette plante sont inconnues. Une approche intégrée impliquant la formation de la ride double, le nombre de feuilles final et la concentration d'osmoprotectants a été utilisée afin de confirmer l'habitude de croissance (de printemps ou d'hiver) et les capacités de tolérance au gel de sept cultivars diploïdes de Brachypodium. En parallÚle, nous avons analysé l'expression des orthologues du principal régulateur de vernalisation VRN1 et des COR gÚnes incluant une protéine antigel et une lipocaline induite par la température (TIL). Nos résultats démontrent que les cultivars de printemps se comportent plutÎt comme des cultivars facultatifs puisque leur contenu en osmoprotectants ainsi que les transcrits COR s'accumulent au froid. Les cultivars d'hiver ont atteint la vernalisation maximale aprÚs 49 jours au froid et ont accumulé plus de transcrits COR. Toutefois, aucune différence n'a été observée dans le contenu en osmoprotectants des cultivars de printemps et d'hiver. Afin d'augmenter la tolérance au gel du cultivar de printemps Bd21, des lignées transgéniques surexprimant une TIL ont été générées. Cette étude valide l'utilisation de Brachypodium comme modÚle pour l'étude de la tolérance au gel chez les céréales de climat tempéré

    Stress temperature and soil drought effects on amino acid composition in winter wheat

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    Portrait de la situation du nématode à kyste du soja (Heterodera glycines) au Québec (2013-2015)

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    Le nĂ©matode Ă  kyste du soja (NKS), Heterodera glycines, est un nĂ©matode phytoparasite causant des pertes de rendement considĂ©rables dans la culture de soja. Il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ© pour la premiĂšre fois au QuĂ©bec en 2013. Nous prĂ©sentons ici les rĂ©sultats d’une enquĂȘte visant Ă  dĂ©terminer les rĂ©gions affectĂ©es par ce ravageur et la densitĂ© de populations prĂ©sentes au QuĂ©bec. Au cours des trois derniĂšres annĂ©es (2013-2015), le NKS a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ© dans 54 Ă©chantillons (32 % des champs testĂ©s) rĂ©partis dans les 10 rĂ©gions productrices de soja du QuĂ©bec. Les densitĂ©s de populations trouvĂ©es Ă©taient par contre trĂšs faibles, Ă  la limite de dĂ©tection. Parmi les rĂ©gions testĂ©es, l’Estrie prĂ©sentait la plus forte proportion de champs positifs (63 %). Étonnamment, cette proportion n’était que de 7 % en MontĂ©rĂ©gie-Ouest, lĂ  oĂč la premiĂšre dĂ©tection a pourtant eu lieu et oĂč se concentre la production de soja. Dans l’ensemble, la qualitĂ© des kystes rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©s Ă©tait pauvre et le nombre d’oeufs trĂšs faible. MĂȘme si les populations sont encore nĂ©gligeables, le NKS est bel et bien prĂ©sent au QuĂ©bec et il ne pourra pas ĂȘtre Ă©radiquĂ©. Diverses mesures devraient donc ĂȘtre mises en oeuvre afin de limiter la dispersion et l’accroissement des populations de ce ravageur important.The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a plant parasite that causes considerable yield loss in soybean crop. It was detected for the first time in Quebec in 2013. Here, we present the results of a survey aimed at identifying the regions affected by this pest and the density of its populations in Quebec. Over the last 3 years (2013-2015), SCN was detected in 54 samples (32% of fields tested) from the regions that produce soybean in Quebec. However, population density was very low, barely reaching the point of detection. Among the tested regions, the Eastern Townships had the highest proportion of fields that tested positive (63%). Surprisingly, this proportion was only 7% in MontĂ©rĂ©gie-Ouest, the centre of soybean production in Quebec, where SCN was first detected. Overall, the quality of the cysts collected was poor and the number of eggs was very low. Even if its populations are still low, SCN is present in Quebec and will not be eradicated. Therefore, different measures should be enforced to limit the spread and population growth of this important pest

    Portrait de la situation du nématode à kyste du soja (Heterodera glycines) au Québec (2013-2015)

    No full text
    Le nĂ©matode Ă  kyste du soja (NKS), Heterodera glycines, est un nĂ©matode phytoparasite causant des pertes de rendement considĂ©rables dans la culture de soja. Il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ© pour la premiĂšre fois au QuĂ©bec en 2013. Nous prĂ©sentons ici les rĂ©sultats d’une enquĂȘte visant Ă  dĂ©terminer les rĂ©gions affectĂ©es par ce ravageur et la densitĂ© de populations prĂ©sentes au QuĂ©bec. Au cours des trois derniĂšres annĂ©es (2013-2015), le NKS a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ© dans 54 Ă©chantillons (32 % des champs testĂ©s) rĂ©partis dans les 10 rĂ©gions productrices de soja du QuĂ©bec. Les densitĂ©s de populations trouvĂ©es Ă©taient par contre trĂšs faibles, Ă  la limite de dĂ©tection. Parmi les rĂ©gions testĂ©es, l’Estrie prĂ©sentait la plus forte proportion de champs positifs (63 %). Étonnamment, cette proportion n’était que de 7 % en MontĂ©rĂ©gie-Ouest, lĂ  oĂč la premiĂšre dĂ©tection a pourtant eu lieu et oĂč se concentre la production de soja. Dans l’ensemble, la qualitĂ© des kystes rĂ©cupĂ©rĂ©s Ă©tait pauvre et le nombre d’oeufs trĂšs faible. MĂȘme si les populations sont encore nĂ©gligeables, le NKS est bel et bien prĂ©sent au QuĂ©bec et il ne pourra pas ĂȘtre Ă©radiquĂ©. Diverses mesures devraient donc ĂȘtre mises en oeuvre afin de limiter la dispersion et l’accroissement des populations de ce ravageur important.The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a plant parasite that causes considerable yield loss in soybean crop. It was detected for the first time in Quebec in 2013. Here, we present the results of a survey aimed at identifying the regions affected by this pest and the density of its populations in Quebec. Over the last 3 years (2013-2015), SCN was detected in 54 samples (32% of fields tested) from the regions that produce soybean in Quebec. However, population density was very low, barely reaching the point of detection. Among the tested regions, the Eastern Townships had the highest proportion of fields that tested positive (63%). Surprisingly, this proportion was only 7% in MontĂ©rĂ©gie-Ouest, the centre of soybean production in Quebec, where SCN was first detected. Overall, the quality of the cysts collected was poor and the number of eggs was very low. Even if its populations are still low, SCN is present in Quebec and will not be eradicated. Therefore, different measures should be enforced to limit the spread and population growth of this important pest

    Activation of the Zinc-sensing receptor GPR39 promotes T cell reconstitution after hematopoietic cell transplant in mice

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    : Prolonged lymphopenia represents a major clinical problem after cytoreductive therapies such as chemotherapy and the conditioning required for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), contributing toward the risk of infections and malignant relapse. Restoration of T cell immunity is dependent on tissue regeneration in the thymus, the primary site of T cell development; although the capacity of the thymus to repair itself diminishes over lifespan. However, although boosting thymic function and T cell reconstitution is of considerable clinical importance, there are currently no approved therapies for treating lymphopenia. Here we found that Zinc (Zn), is critically important for both normal T cell development as well as repair after acute damage. Accumulated Zn in thymocytes during development was released into the extracellular milieu after HSCT conditioning, where it triggered regeneration by stimulating endothelial cell-production of BMP4 via the cell surface receptor GPR39. Dietary supplementation of Zn was sufficient to promote thymic function in a mouse model of allogeneic HSCT, including enhancing the number of recent thymic emigrants in circulation; although direct targeting of GPR39 with a small molecule agonist enhanced thymic function without the need for prior Zn accumulation in thymocytes. Together, these findings not only define an important pathway underlying tissue regeneration, but also offer an innovative preclinical approach to treat lymphopenia in HSCT recipients
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