1,395 research outputs found

    CUANDO EL BILINGÜISMO SUPERA NUESTRAS EXPECTATIVAS: EL APRENDIZAJE DE COGNADOS EN ESTUDIANTES ADULTOS DE ILE

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    Learning a foreign language (FL) is often perceived as a difficult objective to accomplish by adult learners. This is the case of Spanish adult learners who resume their Secondary Education studies and are required to study English as a mandatory subject, even if they have had little or no contact with the FL before. Therefore, neither educational authorities nor teachers support the implementation of a bilingual program since they consider these students’ success in it would be limited. Research suggests that vocabulary plays a crucial role in learners’ FL overall competence and that adult beginners benefit from explicit training in vocabulary acquisition strategies. The present study examines the role of Spanish-English cognates and a technology-based approach in the improvement of learners’ lexical knowledge. An experimental and a control  group from the same adult education centre were recruited for the study. While the control group continued with regular instruction, the experimental group received teaching in cognate awareness as a learning strategy. Along with this training, participants completed a Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) focused on the self-study of 1,000 highly frequent English words, among which cognates played a salient role. Both groups completed a vocabulary test before and after the intervention period, with the experimental group significantly outperforming the control group. Therefore, as predicted by previous studies, explicit training in cognates fosters the acquisition of FL lexical competence by assisting the learning of less-proficient students, such as those enrolled in Adult Education.Los adultos suelen considerar el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera (LE) como un objetivo difícil de alcanzar. Este es el caso de alumnos españoles que retoman sus estudios de Educación Secundaria y cursan inglés de manera obligatoria, a pesar de su poco o nulo contacto previo con la LE. Así pues, ni las autoridades educativas ni los profesores apuestan por la implantación de un programa bilingüe al considerar que el éxito de estos alumnos en él sería limitado. Las investigaciones sugieren que el vocabulario juega un papel significativo en la competencia general de una LE y que los adultos noveles se benefician de la formación explícita en estrategias de adquisición de vocabulario. Este estudio examina el papel de los cognados español-inglés y la aplicación de un enfoque tecnológico en la mejora de la competencia léxica. Para el estudio, se tomaron dos grupos del mismo centro de adultos. El grupo experimental recibió instrucción en el reconocimiento de cognados como estrategia de aprendizaje, junto con un curso en línea centrado en el autoaprendizaje de 1000 palabras frecuentes en inglés, entre las cuales los cognados tenían un papel significativo. Antes y después de la intervención, ambos grupos completaron un test de vocabulario que arrojó unos resultados significativamente superiores en el grupo experimental. Así pues, tal y como predijeron estudios anteriores, la enseñanza explícita de cognados fomenta la adquisición de la competencia léxica, ayudando en el aprendizaje a aquellos alumnos menos competentes, como los que cursan Educación de Adultos.Learning a foreign language (FL) is often perceived as a difficult objective to accomplish by adult learners. This is the case of Spanish adult learners who resume their Secondary Education studies and are required to study English as a mandatory subject, even if they have had little or no contact with the FL before. Therefore, neither educational authorities nor teachers support the implementation of a bilingual program since they consider these students’ success in it would be limited. Research suggests that vocabulary plays a crucial role in learners’ FL overall competence and that adult beginners benefit from explicit training in vocabulary acquisition strategies. The present study examines the role of Spanish-English cognates and a technology-based approach in the improvement of learners’ lexical knowledge. An experimental and a control  group from the same adult education centre were recruited for the study. While the control group continued with regular instruction, the experimental group received teaching in cognate awareness as a learning strategy. Along with this training, participants completed a Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) focused on the self-study of 1,000 highly frequent English words, among which cognates played a salient role. Both groups completed a vocabulary test before and after the intervention period, with the experimental group significantly outperforming the control group. Therefore, as predicted by previous studies, explicit training in cognates fosters the acquisition of FL lexical competence by assisting the learning of less-proficient students, such as those enrolled in Adult Education

    Characterisation of PVD-TiN coated austempered ductile iron: Effects of nodule count and austempering temperature

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    In this work PVD-TiN coatings are deposited on ADI substrates austempered at 280 and 360°C, with nodule counts varying between 490 and 1 100 nod/mm2. The deposition is performed at 300°C by the arc ion plating technique. The effects of the substrates' microstructure on the characteristics of the coatings and the possible changes in ausferritic microstructure owing to the effects of the deposition process are evaluated. The existing phases, preferred orientation, film thickness, hardness, Young's modulus, surface topography and adhesion of each coated sample are determined. A metallographic characterisation of the ausferritic matrices and determination of the retained austenite content are performed before and after deposition. The results obtained indicate that PVD-TiN coatings feature a preferred orientation of (111) planes parallel to the surface and film thicknesses of about 2m m. Knoop hardness is influenced by the substrates characteristics, the values range from 1 700 to 2 100 HK0.015. Nanohardness values are close to 25 GPa, while Young's modulus shows some scattering (323 to 336 GPa). The surface topography is dependent on the microstructure of the substrates and the surface preparation method employed as well as on the deposition process used. The adhesion strength quality of the coatings, according to the Rockwell-C adhesion test, can be related to HF1-HF2 and is affected neither by the hardness differences between the different substrates nor by the nodule count variation. After the coating process, the microstructure of ADI substrates only suffers negligible changes and the amount of retained austenite decreases slightly.Fil: Colombo, Diego Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Echeverría, María D.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Moncada, Osvaldo Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Massone, Juan Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

    Fetal Heart Monitoring, Nursing Surveillance, and Cesarean Birth

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    Purpose: Birth by cesarean delivery is a major public health issue with nearly one in three births delivered by cesarean section. Cesarean birth may be necessary to save mother or baby, but the rapid rise since 1996 without concomitant reduction in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality may indicate this mode of delivery may be over utilized. Cesarean births pose significant maternal and newborn health risks. Identification of factors that may contribute to reduction in the first cesarean birth in low-risk women who are nulliparous, term gestation, with single fetus in head down position (NTSV) is a health priority. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to examine nursing assessment of fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing and their interventions (nursing surveillance) in response to identification of an FHR tracing consistent with category II pattern and (2) to identify whether nursing surveillance and frequency of category II patterns contribute to the risk of cesarean birth in NTSV women. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational research design with purposive sample was used. Retrospective review of patient\u27s electronic medical record was conducted for NTSV women who delivered at a large tertiary women\u27s hospital between May and June 2013. Results: Statistically significant relationships were found between maternal age, admission BMI, induced labor, and cesarean birth. The odds of having a cesarean delivery was 12% (OR = 1.12) higher among women who had an increased number of nursing interventions within four hours prior to delivery. However, when examining the type of nursing intervention, none of the nursing interventions entered into the model were statistically significant as predictors of cesarean delivery. There was statistical significance between women who delivered vaginally and those who delivered by cesarean when examining nursing documentation of frequency of category II FHR tracing and nursing interventions. Conclusions: The primary aims of this research study were to examine if nursing identification of a category II FHR pattern and nursing interventions were predictors of cesarean birth. The presence of category II FHR pattern was not a predictor but frequency of nursing interventions was a statistically significant predictor when entered into a logistic regression model

    CLOUD COMPUTING: A REVIEW OF PAAS, IAAS, SAAS SERVICES AND PROVIDERS

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    Cloud computing has become an important factor for businesses, developers, workers, because it provides tools and Web applications that allows storing information on external servers. Also, Cloud computing offers advantages such as: cost reduction, information access from anywhere, to mention but a few. Nowadays, there are several Cloud computing providers such as: Google Apps, Zoho, AppEngine, Amazon E2C, among others. These providers offer Software, Infrastructure or Platform as a Service. Taking this into account, this paper presents a general review of Cloud computing providers in order to allow users, enterprises, and developers select the one that meets their needs

    Escribir para aprender en dos disciplinas: construcción conjunta del conocimiento y extensión del tiempo didácticol

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    In the last decades, the links between writing and learning have been widely studied. In higher education, researchers have focused on students´ productions, on their standpoints towards writing in different disciplines, and on the complex relations between subject contents and writing practices, among others. However, teaching practices that intertwine writing and disciplinary contents have received scarce attention. This work emphasises two key aspects of teaching practices related to writing to learn activities: teaching time and responsibilities in knowledge-construction. A multiple case study was conducted with two first-year courses, one in Linguistics and the other in Biology. These classes were offered in two public universities in Argentina. Data collection techniques included, mainly, classroom documents, class observations and semi-structured interviews with students. Focusing on class observations, this paper shows how the teaching time was extended by intertwining teaching practices with writing as a learning tool. In both courses, writing extended class-time when students had the opportunity to write outside the classrooms and to discuss what they wrote in whole-class discussions. Additionally, these uses of writing helped students and professors to share, in a more symmetrical way, the responsibilities towards knowledge construction.En las últimas décadas, los vínculos entre la escritura y el aprendizaje han sido ampliamente estudiados. En la enseñanza superior, en particular, los investigadores se han centrado en las producciones de los estudiantes, en sus puntos de vista respecto de la escritura en las diferentes disciplinas y en las complejas relaciones entre los contenidos de las disciplinas y las prácticas de escritura, entre otros. Sin embargo, escasas investigaciones se centran en las prácticas docentes que entrelazan la escritura y los contenidos disciplinarios. Este trabajo analiza dos aspectos claves de las prácticas de enseñanza cuando se escribe para aprender: el tiempo didáctico y las responsabilidades en la construcción del conocimiento. Los resultados forman parte de una investigación didáctica diseñada como un estudio de casos múltiples en dos disciplinas universitarias (Lingüística y Biología). Los casos estudiados pertenecen a dos cursos de primer año impartidos en dos de las principales universidades argentinas. Las técnicas de recolección de datos incluyeron, principalmente, análisis de documentos, observaciones de clase y entrevistas semiestructuradas con los estudiantes. En este sentido, centrándose en las observaciones de clase, este trabajo muestra cómo se amplió el tiempo de enseñanza en esos cursos al entrelazar las prácticas de enseñanza con la escritura como herramienta de aprendizaje. En estas clases, la escritura prolongó el tiempo didáctico en la medida en que los estudiantes tuvieron la oportunidad de escribir fuera de las aulas y de discutir lo que escribieron dentro de ellas. Además, esta práctica ayudó a estudiantes y profesores a compartir, de manera más simétrica, las responsabilidades vinculadas con la construcción del conocimiento

    La génesis histórica de la geometría analítica y la enseñanza en la escuela secundaria

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    En este trabajo se presenta una síntesis del desarrollo de la Geometría Clásica en la antigüedad y del Álgebra en la Edad Media y el Renacimiento, con el objetivo de interpretar los motivos que habrían impulsado la gestación de la Geometría Analítica por parte de Descartes y Fermat en la Edad Moderna. Se analizan los resultados de matemáticos representativos de cada momento; así como los problemas que enfrentaron y las estrategias, representaciones y métodos que se emplearon para resolverlos. Esta síntesis puede resultar un aporte significativo para la comunidad de Educadores en Matemática, dado que permitiría interpretar que la geometría analítica no podría haberse gestado separadamente de la Geometría Clásica y el Álgebra; y como consecuencia una enseñanza disyunta podría carecer de sentido

    The actin cytoskeleton participates in the early events of autophagosome formation upon starvation induced autophagy

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    Autophagy is a process by which cytoplasmic material is sequestered in a double-membrane vesicle destined for degradation. Nutrient deprivation stimulates the pathway and the number of autophagosomes in the cell increases in response to such stimulus. In the current report we have demonstrated that actin is necessary for starvationmediated autophagy. When the actin cytoskeleton is depolymerized, the increase in autophagic vacuoles in response to the starvation stimulus was abolished without affecting maturation of remaining autophagosomes. In addition, actin filaments colocalized with ATG14, BEC N1/Beclin1 and PtdIns3P-rich structures, and some of them have a typical omegasome shape stained with the double FYVE domain or ZFYVE1/DFCP1. In contrast, no major colocalization between actin and ULK1, ULK2, ATG5 or MAP1LC3/LC3 was observed. Taken together, our data indicate that actin has a role at very early stages of autophagosome formation linked to the PtdIns3P generation step. In addition, we have found that two members of the Rho family of proteins, RHOA and RAC1 have a regulatory function on starvation-mediated autophagy, but with opposite roles. Indeed, RHOA has an activatory role whereas Rac has an inhibitory one. We have also found that inhibition of the RHOA effector ROCK impaired the starvation-mediated autophagic response. We propose that actin participates in the initial membrane remodeling stage when cells require an enhanced rate of autophagosome formation, and this actin function would be tightly regulated by different members of the Rho family.Fil: Aguilera, Milton Osmar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Beron, Walter. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Colombo, María Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentin

    Especies autóctonas del jardín botánico de la Universidad de San Pablo-Tucumán : estudio fenológico y prácticas para su conservación

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    El Jardín Botánico de la Universidad de San Pablo-T, se encuentra en la sede ubicada en la Comuna de San Pablo perteneciente al Departamento Lules, a 13 Km. de la capital de Tucumán, en la región fitogeográfica de las yungas o pedemonte, al pie de las sierras de San Javier y Villa Nougués. Fitogeográficamente corresponde al límite entre la zona de Llanura Tucumana (350 a 550 msnm) y el inicio de la Selva Subtropical basal (550 a 900 msnm). Aparte de su belleza y exuberancia, tiene entre su diseño y ejemplares un enorme capital histórico. Se cree que fue diseñado alrededor de 1910 por el Arquitecto francés Carlos Thays. El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación de la Universidad de San Pablo-T es identificar las especies autóctonas del Jardín Botánico de esta Universidad. Se considera especie autóctona a aquella especie que se encuentra dentro de su área de distribución natural u original, con potencial de dispersión y sin la intervención del hombre (Lever, 1985). Se realizaron observaciones fenológicas a lo largo del año, en cada época de cosecha se recolectaron las semillas de las especies identificadas, las que se acondicionaron para su estudio e intercambio con otras instituciones. Entre algunas de las especies autóctonas del Jardín Botánico se destacan: Allophyllus edulis (chalchal); Anadenanthera colubrina (cebil colorado); Ceiba chodatti (palo borracho o yuchán); Enterolobium contortisiliquum (pacará); Handroanthus impetiginosus (lapacho rosado); Jacaranda mimosifolia (tarco, jacarandá); Tipuana tipu (tipa blanca). La preservación del germoplasma de especies autóctonas busca promover la supervivencia y reproducción de esas especies locales. Con esa práctica además, se intenta difundir la importancia cultural que poseen las mismas en la comunidad y propender a un mayor reconocimiento de los beneficios ecosistémicos que brindan.The Botanic Garden of San Pablo-T University, is located in the Commune of San Pablo, which belongs to Lules Department, 13 km from the capital of Tucumán. This region is phytogeographically designated as “Yungas" or “Pedemonte" and is placed at the beginning of sierras San Javier and Villa Nougués. This area defines a limit between the Plain (350 to 550 meters above sea level) and the Basal Subtropical Jungle (550 to 900 meters above sea level). Apart from its beauty and exuberance, the Botanic Garden has a design and a set of exemplars of huge historical importance: it is believed to have been designed around 1910, by the French Architect, Carlos Thays. The aim of the present work is to identify the native species of the Botanic Garden of San Pablo-T University. It is considered as "native" species to all those species that are within its natural or original area, away from human intervention, keeping dispersion potential (Lever, 1985). Phenological observations were made throughout this year, harvesting seeds of the species identified for study and exchange with other institutions. It is tried to preserve the germplasm of species that are in danger of disappearing, have a threatened reproduction or survival. The purpose of this project is to promote greater recognition of the cultural importance and the ecosystemic benefits that the Botanic Garden provides to the community. Some of the native species of the Botanical Garden are listed below: Allophyllus edulis (chalchal); Anadenanthera colubrina (Cebil colorado); Ceiba chodatti (drunk or Yuchan); Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Pacará); Handroanthus impetiginosus (Lapacho rosado); Jacaranda mimosifolia (Tarco, jacaranda); Tipuana tipu (Tipa blanca). The preservation of germplasm of native species seeks the survival and reproduction of local species. Its purpose is to spread the cultural importance they have in the community to achieve greater recognition of the ecosystem benefits they provide.Fil: Colombo, Marcela Blanca. Universidad de San Pablo-T (Tucumán, Argentina)Fil: Ríos, Alejandro Daniel. Universidad de San Pablo-T (Tucumán, Argentina)Fil: Danert, Carla María. Universidad de San Pablo-T (Tucumán, Argentina

    Comportamiento mecánico de ADI tratada superficialmente mediante la aplicación de recubrimientos PVD de baja temperatura

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    En este trabajo se aplican recubrimientos PVD de TiN y CrN sobre ADI y se analiza la influencia del material del recubrimiento sobre las propiedades mecánicas del producto ADI recubierto. Se analiza también, el efecto del proceso de deposición sobre la microestructura de los sustratos. Los recubrimientos se aplican en un reactor industrial mediante la técnica de plateado iónico con arco catódico, utilizando parámetros de proceso específicamente seleccionados para este material. Se determinan fases presentes, orientación preferencial, topografía superficial, espesor de película, dureza, tensiones residuales, adherencia y coeficiente de fricción de las muestras recubiertas. Además, se determina la cantidad de austenita retenida presente en los sustratos antes y después de las deposiciones. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los recubrimientos de TiN y CrN aplicados sobre muestras de ADI a una temperatura de 300ºC y con tiempos de deposición de hasta 180 min presentan muy buenas características en cuanto a espesor de película, dureza, tensiones residuales y adherencia, sin producir deterioro de la microestructura ausferrítica. Los procesos de deposición modifican la topografía superficial de las muestras, produciendo un aumento de la rugosidad media. Las muestras recubiertas con TiN presentan mayores durezas y tensiones residuales. Las muestras sin recubrir y recubiertas con TiN muestran coeficientes de fricción similares, mientras que las muestras recubiertas con CrN coeficientes significativamente inferiores. Los ensayos de deslizamiento no produjeron la fractura y/o delaminación de los recubrimientos en ningún caso.Fil: Colombo, Diego Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina;Fil: Echeverría, María D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina;Fil: Massone, Juan Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (i); Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina

    Infectious bursal disease virus uptake involves macropinocytosis and trafficking to early endosomes in a Rab5-dependent manner

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    ARTÍCULO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA EXTERNA. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) internalization is sparsely known in terms of molecular components of the pathway involved. To describe the cell biological features of IBDV endocytosis, we employed perturbants of endocytic pathways such as pharmacological inhibitors and overexpression of dominant-negative mutants. Internalization analysis was performed quantifying infected cells by immunofluorescence and Western blot detection of the viral protein VP3 at 12 h post-infection reinforced by the analysis of the capsid protein VP2 localization after virus uptake at 1 h post-infection. We compared IBDV infection to the internalization of well-established ligands with defined endocytic pathways: transferrin, cholera-toxin subunit B and dextran. To describe virus endocytosis at the morphological level, we performed ultrastructural studies of viral internalization kinetics in control and actin dynamics-blocked cells. Our results indicate that IBDV endocytic internalization was clathrin- and dynamin-independent, and that IBDV uses macropinocytosis as the primary entry mechanism. After uptake, virus traffics to early endosomes and requires exposure to the low endocytic pH as well as a functional endocytic pathway to complete its replication cycle. Moreover, our results indicate that the GTPase Rab5 is crucial for IBDV entry supporting the participation of the early endosomal pathway in IBDV internalization and infection of susceptible cells. Sitio de la revista: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cmi.1241
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