Matutinidad-vespertinidad y hábitos de sueño en adolescentes: diferencias de edad y sexo

Previous research has indicated the need to use large samples in different cultural contexts in order to clarify age and gender differences on morningness-eveningness and sleep habits. The goal of our research was to study the relationship between morningness-eveningness and sleep habits in a large sample of 2,649 adolescents between 12 and 16 years. The Morningness- Eveningness Scale for Children and an adaptation of the School Sleep Habits Survey measures were used. Results indicated a greater tendency toward eveningness with age and higher eveningness in 13- and 14-year-old girls. Older adolescents claimed later rising time on weekends, later bedtime and shorter sleep length, and greater social jetlag, weekend rise time delay, and weekend bedtime delay. Girls reported earlier rising time on weekdays, later rising time on weekends, longer sleep length on weekends, and greater social jetlag and weekend rising time delay. Lastly, evening oriented adolescents claimed later rising time and bedtime, shorter sleep length on weekdays but longer sleep duration on weekends, and greater social jetlag, weekend rising time delay, and weekend bedtime delay.Matutinidad-vespertinidad y hábitos de sueño en adolescentes: diferencias de edad y sexo. La investigación previa ha indicado la necesidad de usar muestras amplias en distintos contextos culturales para clarifi car las diferencias de edad y sexo en matutinidad-vespertinidad y hábitos de sueño. El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar la relación entre la matutinidad-vespertinidad y los hábitos de sueño en una muestra amplia de 2.649 adolescentes entre 12 y 16 años. Se utilizó la escala Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children y una adaptación del School Sleep Habits Survey. Los resultados indicaron una mayor tendencia hacia la vespertinidad con la edad y en las chicas de 13 y 14 años. Los adolescentes mayores tendían a levantarse más tarde el fi n de semana, acostarse más tarde y dormir menos, así como a un mayor jetlag social y retraso en la hora de levantarse y de acostarse. Las chicas tendían a levantarse antes entre semana y después el fi n de semana, dormían más el fin de semana y tenían un mayor jetlag social y retraso en la hora de levantarse. Finalmente, los vespertinos tendían a acostarse y levantarse más tarde, dormir menos entre semana y más el fi n de semana, así como a un mayor jetlag social y retraso en la hora de levantarse y de acostarse.Depto. de Psicología Social, del Trabajo y DiferencialFac. de PsicologíaTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)Universidad Complutense de Madridpu

The new multi-frequency instrument (MFI2) for the QUIJOTE facility in Tenerife

The QUIJOTE (Q-U-I joint Tenerife) experiment combines the operation of two radio-telescopes and three instruments working in the microwave bands 10?20 GHz, 26-36 GHz and 35-47 GHz at the Teide Observatory, Tenerife, and has already been presented in previous SPIE meetings (Hoyland, R. J. et al, 2012; Rubiño-Martín et al., 2012). The Cosmology group at the IAC have designed a new upgrade to the MFI instrument in the band 10-20 GHz. The aim of the QUIJOTE telescopes is to characterise the polarised emission of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as well as galactic and extra-galactic sources, at medium and large angular scales. This MFI2 will continue the survey at even higher sensitivity levels. The MFI2 project led by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) consists of five polarimeters, three of them operating in the sub-band 10?15 GHz, and two in the sub-band 15-20 GHz. The MFI2 instrument is expected to be a full two-three times more sensitive than the former MFI. The microwave complex correlator design has been replaced by a simple correlator design with a digital back-end based on the latest Xilinx FPGAs (ZCU111). During the first half of 2019 the manufacture of the new cryostat was completed and since then the opto-mechanical components have been designed and manufactured. It is expected that the cryogenic front-end will be completed by the end of 2022 along with the FPGA acquisition and observing system. This digital system has been employed to be more robust against stray ground-based and satellite interference, having a frequency resolution of 1 MHz.The MFI2 instrument is being developed by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), with an instrumental participation from the Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena (UPCT). Partial financial support is provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), under the projects AYA2017-84185-P, IACA15-BE-3707, EQC2018-004918-P and the FEDER Agreement INSIDE-OOCC (ICTS-2019-03-IAC-12). We also acknowledge financial support of the Severo Ochoa Programs SEV-2015-0548 and CEX2019-000920-S

Role of the IL33 and IL1RL1 pathway in the pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin A vasculitis

Cytokines signalling pathway genes are crucial factors of the genetic network underlying the pathogenesis of Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV), an inflammatory vascular condition. An influence of the interleukin (IL)33- IL1 receptor like (IL1RL)1 signalling pathway on the increased risk of several immune-mediated diseases has been described. Accordingly, we assessed whether the IL33-IL1RL1 pathway represents a novel genetic risk factor for IgAV. Three tag polymorphisms within IL33 (rs3939286, rs7025417 and rs7044343) and three within IL1RL1 (rs2310173, rs13015714 and rs2058660), that also were previously associated with several inflammatory diseases, were genotyped in 380 Caucasian IgAV patients and 845 matched healthy controls. No genotypes or alleles differences were observed between IgAV patients and controls when IL33 and IL1RL1 variants were analysed independently. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were found in IL33 or IL1RL1 genotype and allele frequencies when IgAV patients were stratified according to the age at disease onset or to the presence/absence of gastrointestinal (GI) or renal manifestations. Similar results were disclosed when IL33 and IL1RL1 haplotypes were compared between IgAV patients and controls and between IgAV patients stratified according to the clinical characteristics mentioned above. Our results suggest that the IL33-IL1RL1 signalling pathway does not contribute to the genetic network underlying IgAV.Acknowledgements: We are indebted to the patients and healthy controls for their essential collaboration to this study. We also thank the National DNA Bank Repository (Salamanca) for supplying part of the control samples. This study was supported by European Union FEDER funds and `Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias´ (Grant PI18/00042) from ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (ISCIII, Health Ministry, Spain). DP-P is a recipient of a Río Hortega programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF, `Investing in your future´) (Grant Number CM20/00006). SR-M is supported by funds of the RETICS Program (RD16/0012/0009) (ISCIII, cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)). VP-C is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from IDIVAL (PREVAL 18/01). BA-M is a recipient of a `López Albo´ Post-Residency Programme funded by Servicio Cántabro de Salud. LL-G is supported by funds from IDIVAL (INNVAL20/06). OG is staff personnel of Xunta de Galicia (Servizo Galego de Saude (SERGAS)) through a research-staff stabilization contract (ISCIII/SERGAS) and his work is funded by ISCIII and the European Union FEDER fund (Grant Numbers RD16/0012/0014 (RIER) and PI17/00409). He is beneficiary of project funds from the Research Executive Agency (REA) of the European Union in the framework of MSCA-RISE Action of the H2020 Programme, project 734899—Olive-Net. RL-M is a recipient of a Miguel Servet type I programme fellowship from the ISCIII, co-funded by ESF (`Investing in your future´) (Grant Number CP16/00033)

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch

Estudio longitudinal-descriptivo de la matutinidad-vespertinidad en adolescentes: los factores biológicos y psicosociales

La adolescencia se caracteriza por importantes cambios biológicos y psicosociales, entre ellos, una creciente tendencia hacia la vespertinidad. Una mayor vespertinidad se ha asociado tanto al aumento del desarrollo puberal como al aumento del contacto con los pares, la autonomía y los hábitos cotidianos y de sueño. El primer objetivo de esta tesis fue conocer las diferencias según edad y sexo en M-V, en desarrollo puberal y en los factores psicosociales. El segundo objetivo fue conocer los cambios en M-V, en el desarrollo puberal y en los factores psicosociales de la primera a la segunda medida. Por último, el tercer objetivo fue conocer cómo el cronotipo, los factores biológicos y los factores psicosociales modulaban el cambio en la matutinidad-vespertinidad (M-V) mediante un diseño longitudinal-descriptivo. Cuatrocientos setenta y un adolescentes (249 chicas) entre 12 y 16 años participaron en los dos momentos de evaluación (M1 y M2, respectivamente), con un intervalo entre medidas de aproximadamente un año. Se utilizó la Escala de Matutinidad-Vespertinidad para Niños, la Escala de Desarrollo Puberal, la School Sleep Habits Survey y una escala creada para recoger la autonomía y el tiempo dedicado a los hábitos cotidianos. Los resultados indicaron que los adolescentes de 15 años en M1 y los de 16 en M2 tuvieron una mayor vespertinidad que los de 12 y 13 respectivamente. Los de 15-17 años tenían una mayor autonomía sobre sus hábitos cotidianos y de sueño y dedicaban menos tiempo a estar con la familia y más a estar con el ordenador que los más jóvenes (12-13 años). Además, sus hábitos de sueño eran más tardíos y consumían cafeína con más frecuencia. Las chicas tuvieron un mayor desarrollo puberal, mayor autonomía sobre hacer deberes y estudiar y menor sobre estar con los amigos..

Psicothema

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónMatutinidad-vespertinidad y hábitos de sueño en adolescentes : diferencias de edad y sexo. La investigación previa ha indicado la necesidad de usar muestras amplias en distintos contextos culturales para clarificar las diferencias de edad y sexo en matutinidad-vespertinidad y hábitos de sueño. El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar la relación entre la matutinidad-vespertinidad y los hábitos de sueño en una muestra amplia de 2.649 adolescentes entre 12 y 16 años. Se utilizó la escala Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children y una adaptación del School Sleep Habits Survey. Los resultados indicaron una mayor tendencia hacia la vespertinidad con la edad y en las chicas de 13 y 14 años. Los adolescentes mayores tendían a levantarse más tarde el fin de semana, acostarse más tarde y dormir menos, así como a un mayor jetlag social y retraso en la hora de levantarse y de acostarse. Las chicas tendían a levantarse antes entre semana y después el fin de semana, dormían más el fin de semana y tenían un mayor jetlag social y retraso en la hora de levantarse. Finalmente, los vespertinos tendían a acostarse y levantarse más tarde, dormir menos entre semana y más el fin de semana, así como a un mayor jetlag social y retraso en la hora de levantarse y de acostarse.AsturiasColegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Asturias; Calle Ildefonso Sánchez del Río, 4-1 B; 33001 Oviedo; Tel. +34985285778; Fax +34985281374;Universidad de Oviedo. Facultad de Psicología; Plaza Feijoo, s. n.; 33003 Oviedo; Tel. +34985104146; Fax +34985104126;ES

Converting Parkinson-specific scores into health state utilities to assess cost-utility analysis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8) with three multi-attribute utility (MAU) instruments (EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and 15D) and to develop mapping algorithms that could be used to transform PDQ-8 scores into MAU scores. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A final sample of 228 evaluable patients was included in the analyses. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. Two EQ-5D questionnaires were scored using Spanish tariffs. Two models and three statistical techniques were used to estimate each model in the direct mapping framework for all three MAU instruments, including the most widely used ordinary least squares (OLS), the robust MM-estimator, and the generalized linear model (GLM). For both EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L, indirect response mapping based on an ordered logit model was also conducted. Three goodness-of-fit tests were employed to compare the models: the mean absolute error (MAE), the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between the predicted and observed utilities. Results: Health state utility scores ranged from 0.61 (EQ-5D-3L) to 0.74 (15D). The mean PDQ-8 score was 27.51. The correlation between overall PDQ-8 score and each MAU instrument ranged from − 0.729 (EQ-5D-5L) to − 0.752 (EQ-5D-3L). A mapping algorithm based on PDQ-8 items had better performance than using the overall score. For the two EQ-5D questionnaires, in general, the indirect mapping approach had comparable or even better performance than direct mapping based on MAE. Conclusions: Mapping algorithms developed in this study enable the estimation of utility values from the PDQ-8. The indirect mapping equations reported for two EQ-5D questionnaires will further facilitate the calculation of EQ-5D utility scores using other country-specific tariffs

No favourable effects of Cr (III) supplementation on lipid metabolism on type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a meta-analysis of single and double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trials.

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an important global health issue which prevalence has been increasing in the last years. Many studies have linked chromium supplementation with improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aim. Perform a meta-analysis of single and double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trials, where participants diagnosed of type 2 DM or glucose intolerants were supplemented with Cr (III). Methods. Systematic literature search in electronic databases was conducted, using the following search terms: (diabetes) AND (chromium), until July, 2016. Eligible studies were limited to double or single-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials, comparing Cr mono or combined supplementation at least for 30 days against placebo, in subjects diagnosed of type 2 DM or with glucose intolerance. Results. Total doses of Cr supplementation and brewer’s yeast ranged from 20 to 1000 µg/day, and duration of supplementation ranged from 30 to 120 days. No statistically significant reduction was found in HDL-C (p=0.63), LDL-C (p=0.53) and TG (p=0.34) compared to placebo; with a weighted average effect size of -0.44 (95% CI: -2.2 to 1.33) mg/dL, -1.43 (95% CI: -5.94 to 3.08) mg/dL and -7.43 (95% CI: -22.67 to 7.82) mg/dL, respectively. Conclusion. Evidence in our study suggests no favourable effects of chromium supplementation on lipid metabolism control in patients with type 2 diabetes