Tamed stability of finite difference schemes for the transport equation on the half-line

In this paper, we prove that, under precise spectral assumptions, some finite difference approximations of scalar leftgoing transport equations on the positive half-line with numerical boundary conditions are $\ell^1$-stable but $\ell^q$-unstable for any $q>1$. The proof relies on the accurate description of the Green's function for a particular family of finite rank perturbations of Toeplitz operators whose essential spectrum belongs to the closed unit disk and with a simple eigenvalue of modulus $1$ embedded into the essential spectrum.Comment: 44 pages, 11 figure

Droit du travail

Résumé éditeur : Cet ouvrage est destiné aux étudiants qui poursuivent un cursus juridique et particulièrement l\u27enseignement de droit du travail dispensé pendant les deux semestres de la troisième année de licence en droit. Il s\u27adresse également à tous les juristes et praticiens de cette passionnante matière. Après une introduction présentant le droit du travail (formation, caractères, sources) et soulignant le rôle de l\u27État, l\u27ouvrage se divise en deux parties. La première partie traite de l\u27entreprise : son organisation sociale, ses structures, les pouvoirs et contre-pouvoirs qui s\u27y manifestent, y compris le statut protecteur des représentants des travailleurs (Sous-partie I) ; puis, l\u27entrée du salarié dans l\u27entreprise, et donc les contrats intégrant le salarié dans celle-ci, ainsi que les changements affectant la relation de travail ainsi constituée (Sous-partie II) ; enfin, l\u27ouvrage s\u27intéresse à la sortie du salarié de l\u27entreprise (droit commun, licenciement pour motif économique, autres modes de rupture dont la rupture conventionnelle issue de la loi du 25 juin 2008, suites de la rupture) (Sous-partie III). La seconde partie est consacrée au travail : statut légal de la détermination collective des conditions de travail (questions essentielles relatives à la dignité dans le travail et à la lutte contre les discriminations, aux conditions et à l\u27organisation du travail) (Sous-partie I) ; détermination collective des conditions de travail (étude du partenaire syndical, du droit de la négociation collective à la lumière de la loi du 20 août 2008 et des conflits collectifs) (Sous-partie II). S\u27appuyant sur les textes recodifiés et sur la jurisprudence la plus récente, cet ouvrage tente de répondre aux questions essentielles de la réflexion doctrinale et bénéficie de l\u27expérience variée de ses auteurs (ancien conseiller à la Chambre sociale de la Cour de cassation, universitaire, ancien inspecteur du travail)

Phylogenomic analysis of lactobacillus curvatus reveals two lineages distinguished by genes for fermenting plant-derived carbohydrates

Lactobacillus curvatus is a lactic acid bacterium encountered in many different types of fermented food (meat, seafood, vegetables, and cereals). Although this species plays an important role in the preservation of these foods, few attempts have been made to assess its genomic diversity. This study uses comparative analyses of 13 published genomes (complete or draft) to better understand the evolutionary processes acting on the genome of this species. Phylogenomic analysis, based on a coalescent model of evolution, revealed that the 6,742 sites of single nucleotide polymorphism within the L. curvatus core genome delineate two major groups, with lineage 1 represented by the newly sequenced strain FLEC03, and lineage 2 represented by the type-strain DSM20019. The two lineages could also be distinguished by the content of their accessory genome, which sheds light on a long-term evolutionary process of lineage-dependent genetic acquisition and the possibility of population structure. Interestingly, one clade from lineage 2 shared more accessory genes with strains of lineage 1 than with other strains of lineage 2, indicating recent convergence in carbohydrate catabolism. Both lineages had a wide repertoire of accessory genes involved in the fermentation of plant-derived carbohydrates that are released from polymers of α/β-glucans, α/β-fructans, and N-acetylglucosan. Other gene clusters were distributed among strains according to the type of food from which the strains were isolated. These results give new insight into the ecological niches in which L. curvatus may naturally thrive (such as silage or compost heaps) in addition to fermented food.Fil: Teran, Lucrecia Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Coeuret, Gwendoline. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Raya, Raul Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Zagorec, Monique. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Champomier-Vergès, Marie-Christine. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; FranciaFil: Chaillou, Stéphane. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Franci

Alternative experimental ways to access entropy production

We theoretically derive and experimentally compare several different ways to access entropy production in a quantum process under feedback control. We focus on a bipartite quantum system realizing an autonomous Maxwell's demon scheme reported by Najera-Santos et al. [Phys.~Rev.~Research 2, 032025(R) (2020)], where information encoded in a demon is consumed to transfer heat from a cold qubit to a hot cavity. By measuring individual quantum trajectories of the joint demon-cavity-qubit system, we compute the entropy production with six distinct expressions derived from different approaches to the system description and its evolution. Each method uses a specific set of trajectories and data processing. Our results provide a unified view on the various meanings of irreversibility in quantum systems and pave the way to the measurement of entropy production beyond thermal frameworks.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure

Droit du travail

Résumé issu du site de l\u27éditeur : Cet ouvrage est destiné aux étudiants qui poursuivent un cursus juridique et particulièrement l\u27enseignement de droit du travail dispensé pendant les deux semestres de la troisième année de licence en droit. Il s\u27adresse également à tous les juristes et praticiens de cette passionnante matière. Après une introduction présentant le droit du travail (formation, caractères, sources) et soulignant le rôle de l\u27État, l\u27ouvrage se divise en deux parties. La première partie traite de l\u27entreprise : son organisation sociale, ses structures, les pouvoirs et contre-pouvoirs qui s\u27y manifestent, y compris le statut protecteur des représentants des travailleurs (Sous-partie 1) ; puis, l\u27entrée du salarié dans l\u27entreprise, et donc les contrats intégrant le salarié dans celle-ci, ainsi que les changements affectant la relation de travail ainsi constituée (Sous-partie 2) ; enfin, l\u27ouvrage s\u27intéresse à la sortie du salarié de l\u27entreprise (droit commun, licenciement pour motif économique, les autres modes de rupture et les suites de la rupture) (Sous-partie 3). La seconde partie est consacrée au travail : statut légal de la détermination collective des conditions de travail (questions essentielles relatives à la dignité dans le travail et à la lutte contre les harcèlements et les discriminations, aux conditions et à l\u27organisation du travail) (Sous-partie 1) ; détermination collective des conditions de travail (étude du partenaire syndical, du droit de la négociation collective à la lumière de la loi du 20 août 2008) et étude des conflits collectifs (Sous-partie 2). S\u27appuyant sur les textes (notamment l\u27ANI du 11 janvier 2013 et la loi du 14 juin 2013 relative à la sécurisation de l\u27emploi) et sur la jurisprudence la plus récente, cet ouvrage tente de répondre aux questions essentielles de la réflexion doctrinale et bénéficie de l\u27expérience variée de ses auteurs (ancien conseiller à la chambre sociale de la Cour de cassation, universitaire, avocat, ancien inspecteur du travail)

Incidence and risk factors for thoracic spine pain in the working population: the French pays de la loire study

OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence and risk factors for incident thoracic spine pain (TSP) in workers representative of a French region\u27s working population. METHODS: In this prospective study, 3,710 workers were assessed in 2002-2005, and 2,332 (62.9%) of them were reassessed in 2007-2010. TSP was assessed by a self-administered Nordic questionnaire at baseline and at followup. At baseline, all participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on personal factors and work exposure. A total of 1,886 subjects (1,124 men and 762 women) without TSP at baseline were eligible for analysis. Associations between incident TSP and risk factors at baseline were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The incidence rate of TSP was 5.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.9-6.6) per 100 men and 10.0 (95% CI 7.8-12.1) per 100 women. TSP was often associated with low back pain and neck pain. TSP in men was associated with age (odds ratios [ORs] ranging from 2.6 [95% CI 0.95-7.1] at 30-39 years to 6.0 [95% CI 2.1-17.3] at ≥50 years), being tall (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.2-3.9]), frequent/sustained trunk bending (OR 3.0 [95% CI 1.5-6.1]), lack of recovery period or change in the task (OR 2.0 [95% CI 1.2-3.6]), and driving vehicles (OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.4-5.5]). Being overweight or obese was associated with lower risk (OR 0.5 [95% CI 0.3-0.96]). TSP in women was associated with high perceived physical workload (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.1-3.3]), after adjustment for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: The risk model of TSP combined personal and work-related organizational and physical factors. Trunk bending appeared to be a strong independent predictor of TSP in this working population

Selective recovery of zinc from spent pickling baths by the combination of membrane-based solvent extraction and electrowinning technologies

This work deals with the analysis of an integrated zinc recovery process by means of electrowinning of the stripping solutions coming from the treatment of spent pickling baths (SPB) by a membrane-based solvent extraction (MBSX) process able of increasing the initial Zn/Fe molar ratio. Several stripping solutions containing different concentrations of zinc and iron in acid media obtained previously by the treatment of SPB by MBSX, were subjected to electrowinning to assess the efficiency and selectivity of zinc electrodeposition over iron under different operation conditions. At similar values of the zinc concentration in the stripping solution, the influence of the Zn/Fe molar ratio on the zinc electrodeposition process was negligible. On the other hand, although the variation of the initial concentration of zinc in the stripping solution neither affected the efficiency of zinc electrowinning, it increased the minimum value of zinc concentration in solution beyond which iron co-deposition started. Finally, the increase in the applied current, promoted the increase in zinc fractional conversion and in the zinc space–time yield, while the zinc current efficiency was reduced due to the stronger effect of secondary reactions. Although the change in the stripping characteristics seems not to strongly affect the zinc electrodeposition process, the use of a pretreatment step based on MBSX technology improved the results in terms of zinc percentage recovered and the rest of figures of merit, in comparison with those obtained by the direct electrowinning of SPB