Assessing MHC class I diversity in dairy cattle populations

The gene dense major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, present in all jawed vertebrates, encodes molecules involved in self-non-self discrimination and the binding and presentation of antigenic peptides to T cells during the adaptive immune response. Variation in MHC genes is thought to be driven largely by pathogen-mediated selection, with diversity at MHC loci believed to benefit populations by allowing responses to rapidly evolving disease pathogens. However, in economically important dairy cattle, there are concerns that intensive selection for production and fitness traits may override natural selection. It had been hypothesised that these focussed dairy breeding practices may lead to a reduction in MHC diversity and leave cattle populations susceptible to new disease pathogens. The purpose of this study was to estimate current levels of MHC class I diversity in the UK Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle population, primarily through the assessment of diversity in bull populations with genetic input into the UK herd. In a sample of Canadian Holstein bulls, levels of class I allelic diversity were low given the size of the population sampled, but no significant loss of diversity over a twenty year period of selection was detected. Simulations of gene flow implicated trait selection as an influential force shaping diversity in the Canadian Holstein bull population. Haplotypes detected at high frequency were often negatively associated with selection traits indicating the action of heterozygote advantage. A SNP-based assay has been designed to facilitate rapid detection of common haplotypes and thus enable breeders to make more efficient selective breeding decisions whilst also maintaining MHC diversity in cattle populations. Investigations of class I diversity were expanded to incorporate the British Friesian bull population which were shown to have a markedly different pattern of class I diversity to that observed in the Canadian Holstein sample. A number of novel allele sequences and haplotypes were detected in the British Friesian bulls, the characterisation of which has contributed to our knowledge of the mechanisms driving diversity in the cattle class I region. MHC class I typing data from two bull populations and statistical analysis of trait associations with MHC haplotypes provides a comprehensive picture of MHC class I diversity in the wider UK herd and the selective forces integral to shaping diversity

Ovarian markers and irregular menses among women with type 1 diabetes in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142421/1/cen13546_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142421/2/cen13546.pd

Estratégia e gestão da vinculação e transferência de tecnologia: a perspectiva dos responsáveis pelo OTT das universidades argentinas. Desafios para a região

Este artículo analiza el rol de las Oficinas de Transferencia Tecnológica (OTT) en las Universidades Nacionales de gestión pública de Argentina. Se describe el contexto histórico en el que a nivel mundial la extensión y la transferencia de conocimiento por parte de las universidades se articula como vinculación y transferencia de tecnología, surgiendo las OTT como dispositivos institucionales encargados de realizar esta función. Por otro lado, se presentan los resultados de un estudio basado en encuestas realizadas a encargados de OTT de las Universidades Nacionales. Se concluye, entre otros aspectos, que la relación de las OTT con la industria y la producción es más una dimensión aspiracional que real; que existen tensiones entre la cultura cientificista y la posibilidad de generar resultados de impacto productivo o social; que existe una enorme diversidad entre las OTT vinculadas a las Universidades Nacionales y que la profesionalización de las actividades de la OTT exige la formación especializada de gestores.This article analyzes the role of the Technology Transfer Offices (OTT) in National and Public Universities in Argentina. The historical context is described in which, at a global level, the extension and transfer of knowledge by universities is articulated as linkage and transfer of technology, with OTTs emerging as institutional devices in charge of carrying out this function. On the other hand, the results of a study based on surveys of OTT managers at National Universities are presented. It is concluded, among other aspects, that the relationship of OTTs with industry and production is more an aspirational dimension than a real one; that there are tensions between the scientific culture and the possibility of generating results of productive or social impact; that there is an enormous diversity among the OTTs linked to the National Universities and that the professionalization of the activities of the OTT requires the specialized training of managers.Este artigo analisa o papel dos Gabinetes de Transferência de Tecnologia (OTT) nas Universidades Nacionais de gestão pública na Argentina. Começaremos por descrever o contexto histórico em que, a nível global, a extensão e transferência de conhecimento através do meio universitário se articulou como vinculação e transferência de tecnologia. Veremos que os OTTs emergiram como dispositivos institucionais encarregados de desempenhar tal função. Por sua vez, apresentaremos os resultados de um estudo baseado em pesquisas de gestores de OTT em Universidades Nacionais. Por fim, concluiremos, entre outros aspectos, que a relação dos OTTs com a indústria e a produção é mais uma dimensão aspiracional do que real; que há tensões entre a cultura científica e a possibilidade de gerar resultados de impacto produtivo ou social; que existe uma enorme diversidade entre os OTTs vinculados ás Universidades Nacionais; e que a profissionalização das atividades dos OTTs requer a formação especializada de gestores.Cátedra Libre Ciencia, Política y Socieda

Accelerator Design for the CHESS-U Upgrade

During the summer and fall of 2018 the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) is undergoing an upgrade to increase high-energy flux for x-ray users. The upgrade requires replacing one-sixth of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), inverting the polarity of half of the CHESS beam lines, and switching to single-beam on-axis operation. The new sextant is comprised of six double-bend achromats (DBAs) with combined-function dipole-quadrupoles. Although the DBA design is widely utilized and well understood, the constraints for the CESR modifications make the CHESS-U lattice unique. This paper describes the design objectives, constraints, and implementation for the CESR accelerator upgrade for CHESS-U

Impacto de las políticas públicas a través de indicadores bibliométricos

Nuestra presentación pretende: - Discutir elementos relativos a la pertinencia en la investigación científica a través de indicadores bibliométricos utilizados en tres ejercicios. - Medición de los temas locales en la producción científica. - La evaluación de impacto de programas de promoción de la ciencia. - La apropiación de los resultados de la investigación y la transferencia tecnológica.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Anti-Müllerian hormone and inhibin B levels as markers of premature ovarian aging and transition to menopause in type 1 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUNDSerum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels decrease early during the transition to menopause and women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) experience menopause at a younger age. We hypothesized that older women with DM1 will have lower AMH levels than controls.METHODSWe studied ovarian function in women with DM1 (n = 66) and healthy controls (n = 58), all 33 years (4.1 ± 4.2 versus 9.5 ± 7.9 pmol/l, mean ± SD, P = 0.006). A higher proportion of women with DM1 showed AMH levels in the menopausal range compared with controls (16.7 versus 3.4, respectively, P = 0.02). For all patients, those with DM1 exhibited lower inhibin B levels than controls (89.3 ± 51.7 versus 113.2 ± 76.0 ng/ml, P < 0.05). FSH and estradiol were similar in both groups. Regression analysis showed an earlier decline in AMH levels in women with DM1 than controls. Even after age adjustment, DM1 was a significant factor for the determination of inhibin B and AMH levels.CONCLUSIONSLower AMH levels in women with DM1 during the fourth decade of life suggest the presence of an earlier decline in the ovarian follicle pool in these women. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of this complication.Fil: Soto, Néstor. San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital; ChileFil: Iñiguez, Germán. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: López, Patricia. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Larenas, Gladys. Universidad de La Frontera; ChileFil: Mujica, Verónica. Hospital Regional de Talca; Chile. Universidad de Talca; ChileFil: Rey, Rodolfo Alberto. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Codner, Ethel. Universidad de Chile; Chil